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García ID, Plaul SE, Torres D, Del Fresno PS, Miranda LA, Colautti DC. Effect of photoperiod on ovarian maturation in Cheirodon interruptus (Teleostei: Characidae). BRAZ J BIOL 2018; 79:669-677. [PMID: 30379240 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.188607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cheirodon interruptus is a ubiquitous small characid that inhabits the Pampean region and commonly used as bait. Its vast market is supplied from the wild population causing a significant environmental impact. In this study, we assess the effect of photoperiod on ovarian maturation in order to evaluate its potential as a tool to manipulate reproduction under artificial conditions. Four treatments in triplicate (light: dark, L: D) were tested: 24L: 0D, 12L: 12D, 0L: 24D and a progressive photoperiod corresponding to the daily photoperiod increments in wild during winter-spring transition, accelerated three times. The experiment was conducted for 45 days. Gonadosomatic index (GSI), oocyte mean diameter, vitellogenic oocyte proportions, plasma estradiol concentrations (E2), condition factor (Kn) and standard length were estimated. Values of mean GSI, oocyte diameter, vitellogenic oocyte proportions and E2 concentration were maximum in the progressive treatment indicating vitellogenesis stimulation. In turn the same parameters were minimum in the 24L: 0D, revealing the vitellogenesis inhibition. This study showed that photoperiodic regime play an important role in the onset of ovarian maturation in C. interruptus.
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Affiliation(s)
- I D García
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Peces, Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet" - ILPLA/ CONICET-UNLP, Boulevard 120 y 62, 1460, CP 1900, CC 712, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S E Plaul
- Laboratorio de Histología y Embriología Descriptiva, Experimental y Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias - UNLP, Av. 60 y 118, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - D Torres
- Ministerio de Agroindustria, Subsecretaría de Pesca y Acuicultura de la Nación, Dirección de Pesca Continental, Paseo Colón 982, 1073, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P S Del Fresno
- Laboratorio de Ictiofisiología y Acuicultura, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" - IIB-INTECH/ CONICET-UNSAM, Intendente Marino, Km 8.200 (B7130IWA), Chascomús, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L A Miranda
- Laboratorio de Ictiofisiología y Acuicultura, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" - IIB-INTECH/ CONICET-UNSAM, Intendente Marino, Km 8.200 (B7130IWA), Chascomús, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - D C Colautti
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Peces, Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet" - ILPLA/ CONICET-UNLP, Boulevard 120 y 62, 1460, CP 1900, CC 712, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Chalde T, Miranda LA. Pituitary-thyroid axis development during the larval-juvenile transition in the pejerrey Odontesthes bonariensis. J Fish Biol 2017; 91:818-834. [PMID: 28736927 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The morphological development of the thyroid gland of pejerrey Odontesthes bonariensis during larval-juvenile transition was studied and related to whole-body concentrations of thyroxine (T4 ) and tri-iodothyronine (T3 ). A complementary (c)DNA fragment of the thyroid-stimulating hormone β-subunit (tshb) was sequenced and transcript levels quantified during this period. Follicles with eosinophilic and T4 -immunoreactive colloids were detected at hatching together with tshb transcript levels and whole-body concentrations of T4 and T3 hormones. Thyroid follicles were located in the subpharyngeal region associated with the ventral aorta below the hyoid bone. Follicle structure switched from the rounded form at hatching to oval in juveniles. Significant increase of follicle number per larva, mean colloidal area and total colloidal area was observed throughout development with maximum values at the end of the larval-juvenile transition. A significant decrease of tshb expression together with a significant increase in T4 and T3 whole-body concentrations was observed prior to achieving the juvenile phenotype. These results are in accordance with a negative feedback regulation of tshb expression by thyroid hormones and a possible association between thyroid hormone levels and the acceleration of metabolic processes necessary to complete metamorphosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Chalde
- Laboratorio de Ictiofisiología y Acuicultura, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús, (IIB-INTECH, CONICET-UNSAM), Intendente Marino Km. 8,200 (B7130IWA), Chascomús, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L A Miranda
- Laboratorio de Ictiofisiología y Acuicultura, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús, (IIB-INTECH, CONICET-UNSAM), Intendente Marino Km. 8,200 (B7130IWA), Chascomús, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Del Razo OE, Almaraz I, Espinosa V, Soriano R, Miranda LA, Arias L, Guan L, Buendía G, Pelaez A. Comparative analysis of the in vitro M fermentation of wasted cladodes ( Opuntia spp.), lucerne and oat hays. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v45i5.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Peñaflor MFGV, Erb M, Miranda LA, Werneburg AG, Bento JMS. Herbivore-induced plant volatiles can serve as host location cues for a generalist and a specialist egg parasitoid. J Chem Ecol 2011; 37:1304-13. [PMID: 22170346 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-011-0047-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Revised: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Herbivore-induced plant volatiles are important host finding cues for larval parasitoids, and similarly, insect oviposition might elicit the release of plant volatiles functioning as host finding cues for egg parasitoids. We hypothesized that egg parasitoids also might utilize HIPVs of emerging larvae to locate plants with host eggs. We, therefore, assessed the olfactory response of two egg parasitoids, a generalist, Trichogramma pretiosum (Tricogrammatidae), and a specialist, Telenomus remus (Scelionidae) to HIPVs. We used a Y-tube olfactometer to tests the wasps' responses to volatiles released by young maize plants that were treated with regurgitant from caterpillars of the moth Spodoptera frugiperda (Noctuidae) or were directly attacked by the caterpillars. The results show that the generalist egg parasitoid Tr. pretiosum is innately attracted by volatiles from freshly-damaged plants 0-1 and 2-3 h after regurgitant treatment. During this interval, the volatile blend consisted of green leaf volatiles (GLVs) and a blend of aromatic compounds, mono- and homoterpenes, respectively. Behavioral assays with synthetic GLVs confirmed their attractiveness to Tr. pretiosum. The generalist learned the more complex volatile blends released 6-7 h after induction, which consisted mainly of sesquiterpenes. The specialist T. remus on the other hand was attracted only to volatiles emitted from fresh and old damage after associating these volatiles with oviposition. Taken together, these results strengthen the emerging pattern that egg and larval parasitoids behave in a similar way in that generalists can respond innately to HIPVs, while specialists seems to rely more on associative learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F G V Peñaflor
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, Laboratory of Chemical Ecology and Insect Behavior, University of São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, CP 09, 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Strüssmann CA, Conover DO, Somoza GM, Miranda LA. Implications of climate change for the reproductive capacity and survival of New World silversides (family Atherinopsidae). J Fish Biol 2010; 77:1818-34. [PMID: 21078092 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02780.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The New World silversides (family Atherinopsidae) are found in marine, estuarine and inland waters of North, Central and South America, where they are ecologically important as forage fishes and sometimes economically important for commercial and recreational fisheries. This report reviews the knowledge of the reproductive attributes of temperate and subtropical atherinopsids in relation to temperature and discusses the potential effects of climate change on their reproduction and adaptive responses. Their reproductive cycles are primarily entrained by photoperiod with high temperature acting as a limiting factor. They are generally multiple spawners which release successive batches of eggs in spring, but some species can spawn also in autumn and even summer when temperatures do not increase excessively. The decoupling of temperature patterns and photoperiod with further global warming and associated asymmetric thermal fluctuations could lead to spawning at times or temperatures that are unsuitable for larval development and growth. Many members of this family show temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD), where the phenotypic sex of an individual is determined partly or wholly by the temperature experienced during gonadal sex differentiation, and high-temperature induced germ cell degeneration and decreased fertility. The predicted short-term reproductive responses of atherinopsids to climate change therefore include acceleration, shortening or overall disruption of spawning activity, and also more subtle, but nonetheless equally population-threatening, dysfunctions such as highly skewed sex ratios and partial or total loss of fertility. In the case of species with TSD, asymmetric thermal fluctuations could also cause larvae to encounter temperatures lower than normal during early development and be feminized. Such dysfunctions have been documented already in natural populations but are confined so far to landlocked, inland water habitats, perhaps because they impose more severe thermal fluctuations and limitations to migration and dispersal. The severity and recurrence of these dysfunctions with further climate change will depend both on the magnitude, speed and pattern of change and on how much (or how fast) physiological and behavioural traits can evolve to match the new conditions imposed by the climate, which is largely unknown. In this regard, compelling evidence is shown that numerous traits, including the sex determination system, are capable of rapid evolution and could mitigate the negative effects of temperature increases on population viability in atherinopsids.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Strüssmann
- Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan.
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Miranda LA, Strüssmann CA, Somoza GM. Effects of light and temperature conditions on the expression of GnRH and GtH genes and levels of plasma steroids in Odontesthes bonariensis females. Fish Physiol Biochem 2009; 35:101-108. [PMID: 19189237 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-008-9232-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2008] [Accepted: 05/06/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study we examined the endocrine mediation between environmental factors (temperature and photoperiod) and the brain-pituitary-gonadal axis in females of pejerrey Odontesthes bonariensis. Changes in the expression of brain gonadotropin-releasing hormones (GnRHs) and gonadotropin (GtH) subunit [follicle stimulating-beta (FSH-beta), luteinizing hormone-beta (LH-beta), glycoprotein hormone-alpha (GPH-alpha)] genes, plasma gonadal steroids [estradiol (E(2)) and testosterone (T)], gonadal histology, and gonadosomatic index (GSI) in adult females exposed to combinations of short-day (8 h) or long-day (16 h) photoperiods and low (12 degrees C) or high (20 degrees C) temperatures after winter conditions (8 h light, 12 degrees C) were analyzed. Pejerrey females kept under the short photoperiod had low GSIs, and their ovaries contained only previtellogenic oocytes regardless of the experimental temperature. In contrast, females exposed to the long photoperiod had high GSIs and ovaries with vitellogenic oocytes at both temperatures. These fish also showed a significantly higher expression of sGnRH, pjGnRH, cGnRH-II (the three different GnRH variants found to date in the pejerrey brain), FSH-beta, LH-beta and GPH-alpha genes and plasma E(2 )levels than those at the shorter photoperiod. No significant changes were observed in plasma T levels. Based on these results, we concluded that the increase in day length but not that of temperature triggers the maturation of pejerrey females after the winter period of gonadal rest and that this occurs by an integrated stimulation of the various components of the brain-pituitary-gonad axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Miranda
- Laboratorio de Ictiofisiología y Acuicultura, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús, B7130IWA Chascomus, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Miranda LA, Islabão AG, Fischer RG, Figueredo CMS, Oppermann RV, Gustafsson A. Decreased interleukin-1beta and elastase in the gingival crevicular fluid of individuals undergoing anti-inflammatory treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. J Periodontol 2008; 78:1612-9. [PMID: 17668981 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2007.060520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The primary aim of this study was to compare the inflammatory activity in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in a group of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and a group of matched controls. Secondarily, we aimed to evaluate the effect of rheumatologic treatment on periodontal inflammation. METHODS Seventeen individuals with RA with a mean duration of disease of 12.1 (+/- 9.9) years and the same number of systemically healthy individuals matched for age, gender, periodontal status, and tobacco use were selected. Medication data were registered, and GCF was collected by means of an intracrevicular washing method. Besides clinical registrations, periodontal inflammation was assessed by analysis of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-1beta and -18 and of elastase activity. RESULTS Amounts of IL-1beta and total elastase were significantly lower in the patient group. IL-1beta and total elastase had a significant and strong correlation in the RA group (r(s) = 0.883). This correlation was not observed in the control group. CONCLUSION The anti-inflammatory treatment taken by RA patients might influence the periodontal inflammation status represented by IL-1beta and elastase in the GCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia A Miranda
- Institute of Odontology, Division of Periodontology, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden.
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Figueredo CMS, Areas A, Sztajnbok FR, Miceli V, Miranda LA, Fischer RG, Gustafsson A. Higher elastase activity associated with lower IL-18 in GCF from juvenile systemic lupus patients. Oral Health Prev Dent 2008; 6:75-81. [PMID: 18399311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our aim was to evaluate the expression of interleukin-18 (IL-18), interleukin-l-beta (IL-1beta) and the amount of elastase activity in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from inflamed gingival sites in patients with juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE), and compare these to the expression in GCF from inflamed sites in generally healthy controls. In addition, the local inflammation in periodontal tissues was related to systemic inflammation by the assessment of IL-18 levels in plasma. MATERIALS AND METHODS GCF from 16 patients with JSLE and 14 controls were collected using a washing device. Elastase activity was measured with a specific substrate, and IL-18 and 11-1 were measured by ELISA. RESULTS The percentage of visible plaque index, gingival bleeding index and attachment level were similar in JSLE and controls, while the percentage of probing depth greater or equal to 3 mm was significantly higher in the controls. The total amount of IL-1beta and IL-18 in GCF were significantly decreased in JSLE, while the total amount and the percentage of free elastase activity were significantly higher in JSLE when compared with the controls. The plasma levels of I1-18 and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate were significantly higher in JSLE patients. CONCLUSION We found more active elastase in GCF from inflamed sites in JSLE patients even in the presence of significantly lower levels of IL-18 and IL-13. The increased elastase activity suggests a hyperactivity of neutrophils in JSLE, possibly generated by a priming effect caused by the higher plasma levels of IL-18 found in these JSLE patients.
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Areas A, Braga F, Miranda LA, Fischer RG, Figueredo CMS, Miceli V, Gustafsson A, Sztajnbok FR. Increased IL-18 serum levels in patients with juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus. Acta Reumatol Port 2007; 32:397-398. [PMID: 18159210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
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Miranda LA, Braga F, Fischer RG, Sztajnbok FR, Figueredo CMS, Gustafsson A. Changes in periodontal and rheumatological conditions after 2 years in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. J Periodontol 2006; 77:1695-700. [PMID: 17032112 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2006.060113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to monitor changes in periodontal inflammation in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) for 2 years. We investigated the influence of rheumatic disease activity and antirheumatic medication on clinical and immunological parameters of periodontal inflammation in these individuals. METHODS Two years after a baseline examination, the periodontal and rheumatological conditions of 18 adolescents with JIA and 14 control subjects were described. The clinical periodontal inflammation was monitored by registration of visual plaque, marginal bleeding, probing depth, and clinical attachment loss (AL). Periodontal inflammation was also assessed by analysis of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-18 and the collagenase matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The erythrocyte sedimentation rate and clinical rheumatological parameters were significantly improved at the 2-year follow-up. The number of sites with plaque decreased, and the number of pockets >/=4 mm increased, whereas bleeding levels and the extension of AL remained unchanged. IL-1beta in gingival crevicular fluid decreased significantly in the JIA group after 2 years. No differences were observed for IL-1beta, MMP-8, or IL-18 levels between groups after 2 years. CONCLUSION Two years after the baseline examination, no clinical or laboratory differences in periodontal inflammation could be found between JIA patients and control subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia A Miranda
- Institute of Odontology, Division of Periodontology, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden.
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Miranda LA, Berasain GE, Velasco CAM, Shirojo Y, Somoza GM. Natural spawning and intensive culture of pejerrey Odontesthes bonariensis juveniles. BIOCELL 2006; 30:157-62. [PMID: 16845841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L A Miranda
- Laboratorio de Ictiofisiología y Acuicultura, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (IIB-INTECH), Chascomús (B71301WA), Provincia de Buenos Aires.
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Somoza GM, Miranda LA, Guilgur LG, Strobl-Mazzulla PH. Characterization of the brain-pituitary axis in pejerrey Odontesthes bonariensis. BIOCELL 2006; 30:89-95. [PMID: 16845832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G M Somoza
- Laboratorio de Ictiofisiologia y Acuicultura. IIB-INTECH. CC 164. (B7130IWA). Chascomús, provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Figueredo CMS, Areas A, Miranda LA, Fischer RG, Gustafsson A. The short-term effectiveness of non-surgical treatment in reducing protease activity in gingival crevicular fluid from chronic periodontitis patients. J Clin Periodontol 2004; 31:615-9. [PMID: 15257737 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2004.00532.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the short-term effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment on protease activity in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients with chronic periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS After clinical examination, in which pocket probing depth, probing attachment level, plaque and bleeding indices were recorded, gingival fluid samples from 21 chronic periodontitis patients were collected from gingivitis (GP) and periodontitis (PP) sites with an intracrevicular washing method. Samples were taken in the same way from a group of patients with gingivitis alone (GG). The periodontitis patients received non-surgical periodontal treatment and were re-evaluated 30 days later. We compared elastase and collagenase activities before and after treatment. The former activity was measured with a low-weight substrate (S-2484) and inhibited by alpha-1-antitrypsin. Matrix-metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) was measured with an ELISA and collagenolytic activity with fluorescein-conjugated collagen type I as substrate. RESULTS All clinical parameters showed a significant improvement after treatment (p<0.05) which was accompanied by a significant reduction in the values of total elastase activity, free elastase, MPP-8 and collagenolytic activity in both GP and PP sites (p<0.05). However, the latter sites continued to have higher levels of MMP-8 and collagenolytic activity than the former ones after treatment. The free elastase activity and the proportion of free elastase in GP and PP samples after treatment remained higher than in untreated GG samples. CONCLUSION This study shows that the clinical improvements after non-surgical treatment are accompanied by reductions in protease and neutrophil activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M S Figueredo
- Institute of Odontology, Division of Periodontology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim was to compare the periodontal conditions in a group of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients with those in a control group of healthy subjects (CTR). MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-two patients with JIA and 24 controls were selected. The measurements used to diagnose periodontal disease included plaque and bleeding scores, probing depths (PDs) and clinical attachment loss (CAL). Laboratory indicators of JIA activity included the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and capsule-reactive protein (CRP). The Mann-Whitney test was used to evaluate the data (alpha = 0.05). RESULTS The mean ages were 15.9 (+/- 2.7) years and 14.7 (+/- 2.3) years for groups JIA and CTR, respectively. The median ESR was 42 mm/h 13 mm/h in the CTR group (p = 0.032) and the median CRP was 1.9 and 0.4 mg/l, respectively (p = 0.001). The prevalence of patients with a proximal attachment loss of 2mm or more in the JIA group was 25% and in controls it was 4.2%. The mean percentages of visible plaque and marginal bleeding were similar in the JIA (54 +/- 22 and 30 +/- 16, respectively) and CTR groups (44 +/- 18 and 29 +/- 11, respectively). The mean percentages of sites with PD > or = 4 mm were significantly higher in the JIA group (3 +/- 4.7) than in the CTR group (0.4 +/- 1.7) (p = 0.012). The mean percentages of sites with proximal CAL > or = 2 mm were 0.7 (+/- 1.4) in the JIA group and 0.001 (+/- 0.2) in the CTR group (p = 0.022). CONCLUSION Adolescents with JIA present more periodontal attachment loss than healthy controls, in spite of similar plaque and marginal bleeding levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia A Miranda
- Division of Periodontology, Institute of Odontology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
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Somoza GM, Lescheid DW, Miranda LA, Lo Nostro FL, Magliulo-Cepriano L, Montaner AD, Schreibman MP, Rivier JE, Sherwood NM. Expression of pejerrey gonadotropin-releasing hormone in three orders of fish. Biol Reprod 2002; 67:1864-71. [PMID: 12444064 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.102.004572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular variants of GnRH were characterized by reverse-phase, high-performance liquid chromatography from brain extracts of fish in three different orders: Synbranchiformes (swamp eel [Synbranchus marmoratus]), Cyprinidontiformes (platyfish [Xiphophorus maculatus] and green swordtail [X. helleri]), and Atheriniformes (Patagonia pejerrey [Odontesthes hatchery]). Also, pituitary gland extracts from the pejerrey O. bonariensis (Atheriniformes) were characterized. Eluted fractions were tested in radioimmunoassays with antisera specific to GnRH, including both antisera that detected only one form of GnRH and those that detected several forms. The results show that brain extracts obtained from all species contained the same three molecular forms of GnRH, which were immunologically and chromatographically undistinguishable from chicken GnRH-II, pejerrey GnRH (pjGnRH), and salmon GnRH. This study supports the hypothesis that expression of these three forms is common in different fish orders and that pjGnRH is the main regulator of pituitary function in these fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Somoza
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (IIB-INTECH, CONICET-Universidad de San Martín), Camino de Circunvalación Laguna, Km 6. CC 164 (B7130IWA) Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Miranda LA, Strüssmann CA, Somoza GM. Immunocytochemical identification of GtH1 and GtH2 cells during the temperature-sensitive period for sex determination in pejerrey, Odontesthes bonariensis. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2001; 124:45-52. [PMID: 11703070 DOI: 10.1006/gcen.2001.7687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The ontogeny of gonadotropin 1 (GtH1) and 2 (GtH2) cells and its possible link to gonadal sex differentiation were studied in pejerrey, Odontesthes bonariensis, by immunocytochemistry using anti-chum salmon beta-GtH1 and beta-GtH2 antisera. In adults, GtH1 cells were found in the proximalis pars distalls (PPD) close to the neurohypophysis, whereas GtH2 cells were identified surrounding GtH1 cells, at the external layer of the PPD and in the pars intermedia. Essentially the same distribution was observed in larvae. In pejerrey, the phenotypic sex is governed by the temperature during the critical period of sex determination (temperature-dependent sex determination, TSD). Female proportions vary gradually from 100% at 15-19 degrees to 0% at 29 degrees, and the critical time of TSD has been estimated to be 3-5, 2-4, and 1-4 weeks after hatching at 17, 19, and 27 degrees, respectively. Thus, the expression of both GtHs was examined weekly in larvae reared from hatching to week 11, at 17, 24, and 29 degrees. The proportion of females at 17, 24, and 29 degrees was, 100%, 78%, and 0%, respectively. Histological ovarian differentiation was noticed at 7 and 4 weeks at 17 and 24 degrees, whereas testicular differentiation occurred at 7 and 4 weeks at 24 and 29 degrees. GtH1 cells were first observed at week 3 at 29 degrees and at week 4 at 17 and 24 degrees. These cells increased in number until week 4 and then decreased, disappearing after week 6 at all temperature regimes. GtH2 cells appeared at week 2 at 24 and 29 degrees and at week 3 at 17 degrees. GtH2 cell number increased until week 3 at 29 degrees and until week 4 at 17 and 24 degrees and then temporarily decreased, thereafter increasing again. These results strongly suggest that GtH1 and GtH2 are expressed by different cells. The fact that GtH1 and GtH2 cells appear just before histological gonadal differentiation at all temperatures, together with the peak of GtH1 and GtH2 cell number during the temperature-sensitive period, suggests that GtHs are related to sex differentiation or TSD in O. bonariensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Miranda
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas/Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús, (CONICET-UNSAM), Camino de Circunvalación Laguna, Km 6. cc 164 (7130), Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Weidlich P, Miranda LA, Maltz M, Samuel SM. Fluoride release and uptake from glass ionomer cements and composite resins. Braz Dent J 2001; 11:89-96. [PMID: 11210268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this investigation was to evaluate fluoride release and uptake from 4 glass ionomer cements (GICs)--Vitremer (VIT), Fuji II LC (FII LC), Fuji IX (FIX), Chelon Fill (CHE)--and 2 composite resins (CRs)--Heliomolar (H) and Zeta-100 (Z-100). Eight discs (8 mm x 2 mm) were made of each material and were stored in plastic vials containing artificial saliva at 37 degrees C. In group 1 (N = 3), the specimens were immersed in artificial saliva which was changed daily for 25 days. In group 2 (N = 5), besides receiving the same treatment as group 1, the specimens were immersed, after 24 hours, in a fluoride solution (1% NaF) for 1 min before daily saliva change. An ion-specific electrode (9609 BN-Orion) connected to an ion analyzer (SA-720 Procyon) was used to determine the amount of fluoride released at days 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25. Data were analyzed using two way ANOVA and Friedman's test. GICs released more fluoride during the first day and after this period the mean fluoride released decreased. Composite resin H released fluoride during the first day only and Z-100 did not release fluoride. In terms of NaF treatment, CRs did not show fluoride uptake, whereas the GICs showed fluoride uptake (VIT = FII LC = CHE > FIX).
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Affiliation(s)
- P Weidlich
- Departamento de Odontologia Preventiva e Social, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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Miranda LA, Affanni JM, Paz DA. Corticotropin-releasing factor accelerates metamorphosis in Bufo arenarum: effect on pituitary ACTH and TSH cells. J Exp Zool 2000; 286:473-80. [PMID: 10684570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
The actions of several neuropeptides as hypothalamic mediators in the regulation of Bufo arenarum metamorphosis were investigated. Prometamorphic larvae were injected with 1.5 microg thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), 2 microg ovine corticotropin-releasing factor (oCRF), 2 microg mammalian gonadotropin-releasing hormone (mGnRH), 2 microg human growth hormone-releasing hormone (hGHRH), or Holtfreter solution (control group). Larvae received two injections with the same dose: one at the beginning of the experiment and the other 7 days later. Several morphologic parameters (total length, tail length, wet weight, hind limb length, and metamorphic stages) were measured as indicators of growth and metamorphic development. These measurements were taken in 20 larvae per treatment or control group at the beginning of the experiment, at day 7 and at day 14 when the experiment ended. We observed that only the administration of exogenous CRF stimulated resorption of the tail and accelerated the rate of metamorphosis. In the pituitary of CRF-treated larvae we observed that thyrotropin (TSH) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) producing cells showed a weaker immunoreactivity, a decrease in cell number and a reduction of volume density when compared with normal larvae. In conclusion, the results obtained indicate a possible role for CRF in Bufo arenarum metamorphosis. CRF may regulate interrenal and thyroid activity by acting directly upon TSH and ACTH cells. On the other hand, TRH, GnRH and GHRH were inactive in stimulating growth or metamorphosis of Bufo arenarum. J. Exp. Zool. 286:473-480, 2000.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Miranda
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH-SECyT-CONICET), 7130 Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Miranda LA, Affanni JM. Immunoidentification of CRF-like material in the intermaxillary glands during Bufo arenarum development. Tissue Cell 2000; 32:148-52. [PMID: 10855700 DOI: 10.1054/tice.2000.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The presence of corticotropin-releasing factor-like material in the intermaxillary glands was studied by immunocytochemical techniques during the metamorphosis of Bufo arenarum. The intermaxillary glands appeared at stage XV (midprometamorphosis) with CRF-like material slightly immunoreactive. These glands are located posterior to the premaxillae and between the nasal capsules in the roof of the mouth and are formed of alveoli or tubules. During metamorphic climax, corticotropin-releasing factor-like material was identified strongly immunostained at the apices of the secretory cells. It was observed that collecting ducts of the gland open to the anterior palatal surface suggesting that the secretion could be ingested by tadpoles. Our results clearly showed that ir-CRF-like material present in the intermaxillary glands is ingested by tadpoles during metamorphosis and could play an important role during amphibian development.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Miranda
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas/Instituto Technológico de Chascomús (CONICET/UNSAM), Camino de Circunvalación Laguna, Pcia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Abstract
The ontogeny of the thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) neuronal system was evaluated by immunocytochemistry in Bufo arenarum. The first appearance of TRH immunoreactive fibers was at early premetamorphosis. These fibers were found in small numbers and weakly stained in the median eminence and pars nervosa. With the advance of larval development, TRH-like material stained intensely and tended to aggregate in the median eminence, pars nervosa and pars intermedia. At climax stages immunoreactive fibers and perikarya (weakly stained) were also identified in the preoptic area. In adult specimens TRH perikarya and neuronal fibers were found in the preoptic and infundibular nuclei of the hypothalamus and in the amygdala, septum and diagonal band of Broca of the telencephalon. In addition, TRH neuronal fibers and endings were found in the preoptic-hypophyseal tract, the external zone of the median eminence, the pars nervosa and pars intermedia. Fibers were absent in the pars distalis. This study represents the first immunocytochemical demonstration of TRH in Bufo species, and serves as a basis for clarification of the neuroendocrine regulation of metamorphosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Miranda
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas (CONICET-UNSAM), Camino de Circunvalación Laguna, Km 6. cc 164, 7130 Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Miranda LA, Paz DA, Affanni JM, Somoza GM. Identification and neuroanatomical distribution of immunoreactivity for mammalian gonadotropin-releasing hormone (mGnRH) in the brain and neural hypophyseal lobe of the toad Bufo arenarum. Cell Tissue Res 1998; 293:419-25. [PMID: 9716731 DOI: 10.1007/s004410051133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The presence and distribution of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in sexually mature specimens of Bufo arenarum was studied by reverse phase/high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) combined with radioimmunoassay and immunocytochemistry. The analysis of brain extracts with RP-HPLC followed by radioimmunoassay with PBL#45 antiserum showed the presence of only one peak with immunoreactivity for GnRH (ir-GnRH) having the chromatographic and immunological characteristics of mammalian GnRH (mGnRH). This peak was further analyzed with two mGnRH-specific antisera, EL-15 and m1076, yielding serial dilution displacement curves parallel to those obtained with the mGnRH synthetic standard. Immunocytochemical results with the monoclonal antibody LRH13 showed the presence of a terminal nerve-septo-preoptic system with neurons and fibers distributed from the olfactory bulb, septal area, and anterior preoptic area toward the hypothalamus and hypophyseal neural lobe. The main group of ir-GnRH fibers and neurons was identified in the anterior preoptic area. These neurons appear to be the origin of fibers that, after surrounding the preoptic recess, border the dorsal surface of the optic chiasma, extend through the infundibulum, traverse the external layer of the median eminence, and end in the pars nervosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Miranda
- Instituto de Neurociencia (INEUCI-CONICET). Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, Piso 4, (1428) Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Allen ML, Zamani S, DiMarino AJ, Sodhi S, Miranda LA, Nusbaum M. Manometric measurement of anal canal resting tone: comparison of a rectosphincteric balloon probe with a water-perfused catheter assembly. Dig Dis Sci 1998; 43:1411-5. [PMID: 9690373 DOI: 10.1023/a:1018829907604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the manometric measurements of a rectosphincteric balloon probe with a water-perfused catheter assembly on anal canal resting tone. Ten normal subjects (9 males, 1 female; mean age: 32 years; range 27-46 years) underwent station pull-through (0.5 cm/3 sec) beginning in the rectum with a water-perfused catheter assembly and a rectosphincteric balloon probe. Both the probe and the catheter were 5 mm in diameter. Three catheter side ports were perfused at 1 ml/min, and the rectal balloon was inflated with 5 ml of air. Measurements were taken on the same day in a counterbalanced manner. Data were analyzed on a computerized system. Mean (+/-SEM) values with the balloon were 82.3 (+/-8.9) mm Hg and 97.1 (+/-9.3) mm Hg with the catheter. These values were not significantly different (P=0.22). A significant order effect (P=0.04) was found where the first measure (101.3+/-10.2 mm Hg) was higher than the second measure (78.1+/-6.6 mm Hg), which was controlled for in the experimental design. A rectosphincteric balloon probe can accurately measure the resting tone of the anal canal compared to a water-perfused catheter assembly. Caution should be used when measuring anal canal resting tone early in an anorectal manometry assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Allen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Presbyterian Medical Center of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, USA
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Miranda LA, Dezi RE. Immunocytochemical distribution of corticotropin-releasing factor in the brain and hypophysis of larval Bufo arenarum; effect of KClO4 during early development. Tissue Cell 1997; 29:643-9. [PMID: 9467928 DOI: 10.1016/s0040-8166(97)80040-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The maturation of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neuronal system was evaluated by immunocytochemistry and morphometry in Bufo arenarum, during spontaneous metamorphosis and in tadpoles with inhibited thyroid function. The first appearance of CRF immunoreactive fibers was at the end of premetamorphosis (stage VIII). These fibers were found in small numbers and weakly stained in the median eminence and infundibular stalk. With the advance of larval development, CRF-like material stained intensely and tended to aggregate in the external zone of the median eminence. At climax stages, immunoreactive fibers and perikarya (weakly stained) were identified in the interpeduncular nucleus and in the dorsal infundibular nucleus. Morphometric and immunocytochemical results indicate that the maturation of the CRF neuronal system in Bufo arenarum occurs just before metamorphic climax, coinciding with high levels of thyroid and steroid hormones. We have also found that in larvae with inhibited thyroid function, the CRF neuronal system is able to develop, and that thyroid hormone could exert a negative feedback control on the synthesis of CRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Miranda
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Miranda LA, Pisanó A, Casco V. Ultrastructural study on thyroid glands of Bufo arenarum larvae kept in potassium perchlorate solution. BIOCELL 1996; 20:147-53. [PMID: 8916461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The ultrastructure of thyroid glands in Bufo arenarum tadpoles was studied with inhibited thyroid function. After hatching, larvae were kept in potassium perchlorate solution, a goitrogenic substance known to prevent absorption of iodine from water or food, resulting in impaired thyroid hormone synthesis. Increased thyroid gland volume and follicular cell height were observed in treated larvae. The changes in size and volume of follicular cells in experimental tadpoles appeared to be mainly a function of the overstimulation of proteinpoietic apparatus. The cell shows a conspicuous development of endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex, as well as an increase in number of mitochondria and colloid droplets. These observations in follicular thyroid cells from Bufo arenarum, obtained under such experimental conditions, were interpreted in terms of interruption of negative feedback mechanisms involving the decrease in the thyroxine circulatory level, and therefore the increase in hypothalamo-hypophyseal endocrine secretory stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Miranda
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Embriológicas (LABINE) (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Miranda LA, Paz DA, Dezi R, Pisanó A. Immunocytochemical and morphometric study on the changes of TSH, PRL, GH and ACTH cells during the development of Bufo arenarum. Cell Tissue Res 1996; 283:125-32. [PMID: 8581952 DOI: 10.1007/s004410050520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The development and dynamics of thyrotropin (TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), prolactin (PRL), and growth hormone (GH) cells have been studied using immunocytochemical techniques and rabbit antisera, raised against the relevant human hormone, in the pars distalis of Bufo arenarum larvae at different stages of development. The four types of cells studied were identified in different zones of the pars distalis: TSH cells occurred mainly in the centro-ventral zone, ACTH cells in the rostral and dorsal zones, GH cells in the central and caudal zones, and PRL cells in the anterior two-thirds of the gland. This distribution pattern does not show significant changes with development. Morphometry and stereology were used to evaluate the changes observed in the volume of the pars distalis and the immunoreactive cells during development. The former increased during larval growth and decreased throughout the metamorphic climax. The results obtained on cell number, volume density, and total volume suggest that, during larval growth (pre-prometamorphosis) of B. arenarum, TSH, PRL, GH and ACTH cells show a proliferative period with storage of their hormones; a second period involving hormone release occurs at the metamorphic climax.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Miranda
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Embriológicas (CONICET), Montevideo 126, 4 Piso (1019) Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Miranda LA, Paz DA, Dezi RE, Pisanó A. Immunocytochemical and morphometric study of TSH, PRL, GH, and ACTH cells in Bufo arenarum larvae with inhibited thyroid function. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1995; 98:166-76. [PMID: 7635270 DOI: 10.1006/gcen.1995.1057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the pituitary cells involved in amphibian metamorphosis were studied in Bufo arenarum tadpoles with inhibited thyroid function. After hatching, larvae were treated for 5 months with potassium perchlorate (KClO4), a goitrogenic substance known to prevent absorption of iodine from water or food, resulting in impaired thyroid hormone synthesis. Treated larvae continued to grow but halted their development in premetamorphosis, showing hyperplastic thyroid glands with disorganized follicles lacking colloid. Thyrotrop (TSH), lactotrop (PRL), somatotrop (GH), and corticotrop (ACTH) cells were stained immunocytochemically and the changes observed were evaluated morphometrically using an automatic image analyzer. Pars distalis volume increased in treated larvae. Morphometric results showed that, in treated tadpoles, TSH and PRL cell populations and cell volumes increased compared to normal larvae at the same stage. Changes in the GH and ACTH cell morphometry were slight. These results indicate that in Bufo tadpoles, after chronic thyroid hormone withdrawal, TSH, PRL, GH, and ACTH cells are able to develop and that thyroid hormones exert a strong feedback control on the synthesis and storage of TSH and PRL.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Miranda
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Embriológicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Pistoni HO, Miranda LA. [Facial symmetroscope (author's transl)]. Ortodoncia 1979; 43:101-4. [PMID: 298803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Pistoni HO, Rivara Repetto F, Miranda LA, Cagliari A. [H.G. activators and neuro-muscular reeducation]. Odontostomatol Implantoprotesi 1977; 4:57-66. [PMID: 307717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Pistoni HO, Repetto FR, Miranda LA, Gosende L. [Behavior of the stomatogenathic system during various orthodontic therapeutic measures]. Rev Circ Argent Odontol 1976; 39:9-28. [PMID: 1076692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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