1
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Huang J, Osthushenrich T, MacNamara A, Mälarstig A, Brocchetti S, Bradberry S, Scarabottolo L, Ferrada E, Sosnin S, Digles D, Superti-Furga G, Ecker GF. ProteoMutaMetrics: machine learning approaches for solute carrier family 6 mutation pathogenicity prediction. RSC Adv 2024; 14:13083-13094. [PMID: 38655474 PMCID: PMC11034476 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00748d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The solute carrier transporter family 6 (SLC6) is of key interest for their critical role in the transport of small amino acids or amino acid-like molecules. Their dysfunction is strongly associated with human diseases such as including schizophrenia, depression, and Parkinson's disease. Linking single point mutations to disease may support insights into the structure-function relationship of these transporters. This work aimed to develop a computational model for predicting the potential pathogenic effect of single point mutations in the SLC6 family. Missense mutation data was retrieved from UniProt, LitVar, and ClinVar, covering multiple protein-coding transcripts. As encoding approach, amino acid descriptors were used to calculate the average sequence properties for both original and mutated sequences. In addition to the full-sequence calculation, the sequences were cut into twelve domains. The domains are defined according to the transmembrane domains of the SLC6 transporters to analyse the regions' contributions to the pathogenicity prediction. Subsequently, several classification models, namely Support Vector Machine (SVM), Logistic Regression (LR), Random Forest (RF), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) with the hyperparameters optimized through grid search were built. For estimation of model performance, repeated stratified k-fold cross-validation was used. The accuracy values of the generated models are in the range of 0.72 to 0.80. Analysis of feature importance indicates that mutations in distinct regions of SLC6 transporters are associated with an increased risk for pathogenicity. When applying the model on an independent validation set, the performance in accuracy dropped to averagely 0.6 with high precision but low sensitivity scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Huang
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vienna Austria
| | - Tanja Osthushenrich
- Bayer AG, Division Pharmaceuticals, Biomedical Data Science II Wuppertal Germany
| | - Aidan MacNamara
- Bayer AG, Division Pharmaceuticals, Biomedical Data Science II Wuppertal Germany
| | - Anders Mälarstig
- Emerging Science & Innovation, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical Cambridge MA USA
| | | | | | | | - Evandro Ferrada
- CeMM, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences Vienna Austria
| | - Sergey Sosnin
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vienna Austria
| | - Daniela Digles
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vienna Austria
| | - Giulio Superti-Furga
- CeMM, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences Vienna Austria
| | - Gerhard F Ecker
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vienna Austria
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2
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Ferrada E, Wiedmer T, Wang WA, Frommelt F, Steurer B, Klimek C, Lindinger S, Osthushenrich T, Garofoli A, Brocchetti S, Bradberry S, Huang J, MacNamara A, Scarabottolo L, Ecker GF, Malarstig A, Superti-Furga G. Experimental and Computational Analysis of Newly Identified Pathogenic Mutations in the Creatine Transporter SLC6A8. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168383. [PMID: 38070861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Creatine is an essential metabolite for the storage and rapid supply of energy in muscle and nerve cells. In humans, impaired metabolism, transport, and distribution of creatine throughout tissues can cause varying forms of mental disability, also known as creatine deficiency syndrome (CDS). So far, 80 mutations in the creatine transporter (SLC6A8) have been associated to CDS. To better understand the effect of human genetic variants on the physiology of SLC6A8 and their possible impact on CDS, we studied 30 missense variants including 15 variants of unknown significance, two of which are reported here for the first time. We expressed these variants in HEK293 cells and explored their subcellular localization and transport activity. We also applied computational methods to predict variant effect and estimate site-specific changes in thermodynamic stability. To explore variants that might have a differential effect on the transporter's conformers along the transport cycle, we constructed homology models of the inward facing, and outward facing conformations. In addition, we used mass-spectrometry to study proteins that interact with wild type SLC6A8 and five selected variants in HEK293 cells. In silico models of the protein complexes revealed how two variants impact the interaction interface of SLC6A8 with other proteins and how pathogenic variants lead to an enrichment of ER protein partners. Overall, our integrated analysis disambiguates the pathogenicity of 15 variants of unknown significance revealing diverse mechanisms of pathogenicity, including two previously unreported variants obtained from patients suffering from the creatine deficiency syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evandro Ferrada
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Tabea Wiedmer
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wen-An Wang
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fabian Frommelt
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Steurer
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Klimek
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabrina Lindinger
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Andrea Garofoli
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Jiahui Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Gerhard F Ecker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anders Malarstig
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giulio Superti-Furga
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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3
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Dvorak V, Wiedmer T, Ingles-Prieto A, Altermatt P, Batoulis H, Bärenz F, Bender E, Digles D, Dürrenberger F, Heitman LH, IJzerman AP, Kell DB, Kickinger S, Körzö D, Leippe P, Licher T, Manolova V, Rizzetto R, Sassone F, Scarabottolo L, Schlessinger A, Schneider V, Sijben HJ, Steck AL, Sundström H, Tremolada S, Wilhelm M, Wright Muelas M, Zindel D, Steppan CM, Superti-Furga G. An Overview of Cell-Based Assay Platforms for the Solute Carrier Family of Transporters. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:722889. [PMID: 34447313 PMCID: PMC8383457 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.722889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The solute carrier (SLC) superfamily represents the biggest family of transporters with important roles in health and disease. Despite being attractive and druggable targets, the majority of SLCs remains understudied. One major hurdle in research on SLCs is the lack of tools, such as cell-based assays to investigate their biological role and for drug discovery. Another challenge is the disperse and anecdotal information on assay strategies that are suitable for SLCs. This review provides a comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art cellular assay technologies for SLC research and discusses relevant SLC characteristics enabling the choice of an optimal assay technology. The Innovative Medicines Initiative consortium RESOLUTE intends to accelerate research on SLCs by providing the scientific community with high-quality reagents, assay technologies and data sets, and to ultimately unlock SLCs for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojtech Dvorak
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tabea Wiedmer
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alvaro Ingles-Prieto
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Helena Batoulis
- Drug Discovery Sciences–Lead Discovery, Bayer Pharmaceuticals, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Felix Bärenz
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Eckhard Bender
- Drug Discovery Sciences–Lead Discovery, Bayer Pharmaceuticals, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Daniela Digles
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Laura H. Heitman
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Adriaan P. IJzerman
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Douglas B. Kell
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Stefanie Kickinger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Körzö
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Leippe
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Licher
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Avner Schlessinger
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Vanessa Schneider
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hubert J. Sijben
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Marina Wright Muelas
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Diana Zindel
- Drug Discovery Sciences–Lead Discovery, Bayer Pharmaceuticals, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Claire M. Steppan
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Groton, MA, United States
| | - Giulio Superti-Furga
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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4
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Sijben HJ, van Oostveen WM, Hartog PBR, Stucchi L, Rossignoli A, Maresca G, Scarabottolo L, IJzerman AP, Heitman LH. Label-free high-throughput screening assay for the identification of norepinephrine transporter (NET/SLC6A2) inhibitors. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12290. [PMID: 34112854 PMCID: PMC8192900 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91700-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The human norepinephrine transporter (NET) is an established drug target for a wide range of psychiatric disorders. Conventional methods that are used to functionally characterize NET inhibitors are based on the use of radiolabeled or fluorescent substrates. These methods are highly informative, but pose limitations to either high-throughput screening (HTS) adaptation or physiologically accurate representation of the endogenous uptake events. Recently, we developed a label-free functional assay based on the activation of G protein-coupled receptors by a transported substrate, termed the TRACT assay. In this study, the TRACT assay technology was applied to NET expressed in a doxycycline-inducible HEK 293 JumpIn cell line. Three endogenous substrates of NET-norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) and epinephrine (EP)-were compared in the characterization of the reference NET inhibitor nisoxetine. The resulting assay, using NE as a substrate, was validated in a manual HTS set-up with a Z' = 0.55. The inhibitory potencies of several reported NET inhibitors from the TRACT assay showed positive correlation with those from an established fluorescent substrate uptake assay. These findings demonstrate the suitability of the TRACT assay for HTS characterization and screening of NET inhibitors and provide a basis for investigation of other solute carrier transporters with label-free biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert J Sijben
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, LACDR, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wieke M van Oostveen
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, LACDR, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter B R Hartog
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, LACDR, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Stucchi
- Axxam S.p.A, Openzone Science Park, Bresso, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Adriaan P IJzerman
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, LACDR, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Laura H Heitman
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, LACDR, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300RA, Leiden, The Netherlands. .,Oncode Institute, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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5
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Agus V, Flak TA, Picardi P, Pizzi S, Rutigliano L, Cainarca S, Redaelli L, Rolland JF, Scarabottolo L. Parallel All-Optical Assay to Study Use-Dependent Functioning of Voltage-Gated Ion Channels in a Miniaturized Format. SLAS Discov 2020; 26:460-469. [PMID: 33334229 DOI: 10.1177/2472555220976083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-gated ion channels produce rapid transmembrane currents responsible for action potential generation and propagation at the neuronal, muscular, and cardiac levels. They represent attractive clinical targets because their altered firing frequency is often the hallmark of pathological signaling leading to several neuromuscular disorders. Therefore, a method to study their functioning upon repeated triggers at different frequencies is desired to develop new drug molecules selectively targeting pathological phenotype. Optogenetics provides powerful tools for millisecond switch of cellular excitability in contactless, physiological, and low-cost settings. Nevertheless, its application to large-scale drug-screening operations is still limited by long processing time (due to sequential well read), rigid flashing pattern, lack of online compound addition, or high consumable costs of existing methods. Here, we developed a method that enables simultaneous analysis of 384-well plates with optical pacing, fluorescence recording, and liquid injection. We used our method to deliver programmable millisecond-switched depolarization through light-activated opsin in concomitance with continuous optical recording by a fluorescent indicator. We obtained 384-well pacing of recombinant voltage-activated sodium or calcium channels, as well as induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes, in all-optical parallel settings. Furthermore, we demonstrated the use-dependent behavior of known ion channel blockers by optogenetic pacing at normal or pathological firing frequencies, obtaining very good signal reproducibility and accordance with electrophysiology data. Our method provides a novel physiological approach to study frequency-dependent drug behavior using reversible programmable triggers. The all-optical parallel settings combined with contained operational costs make our method particularly suited for large-scale drug-screening campaigns as well as cardiac liability studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tod A Flak
- BioAutomatix LLC, Shaker Heights, OH, USA
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6
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Superti-Furga G, Lackner D, Wiedmer T, Ingles-Prieto A, Barbosa B, Girardi E, Goldmann U, Gürtl B, Klavins K, Klimek C, Lindinger S, Liñeiro-Retes E, Müller AC, Onstein S, Redinger G, Reil D, Sedlyarov V, Wolf G, Crawford M, Everley R, Hepworth D, Liu S, Noell S, Piotrowski M, Stanton R, Zhang H, Corallino S, Faedo A, Insidioso M, Maresca G, Redaelli L, Sassone F, Scarabottolo L, Stucchi M, Tarroni P, Tremolada S, Batoulis H, Becker A, Bender E, Chang YN, Ehrmann A, Müller-Fahrnow A, Pütter V, Zindel D, Hamilton B, Lenter M, Santacruz D, Viollet C, Whitehurst C, Johnsson K, Leippe P, Baumgarten B, Chang L, Ibig Y, Pfeifer M, Reinhardt J, Schönbett J, Selzer P, Seuwen K, Bettembourg C, Biton B, Czech J, de Foucauld H, Didier M, Licher T, Mikol V, Pommereau A, Puech F, Yaligara V, Edwards A, Bongers BJ, Heitman LH, IJzerman AP, Sijben HJ, van Westen GJ, Grixti J, Kell DB, Mughal F, Swainston N, Wright-Muelas M, Bohstedt T, Burgess-Brown N, Carpenter L, Dürr K, Hansen J, Scacioc A, Banci G, Colas C, Digles D, Ecker G, Füzi B, Gamsjäger V, Grandits M, Martini R, Troger F, Altermatt P, Doucerain C, Dürrenberger F, Manolova V, Steck AL, Sundström H, Wilhelm M, Steppan CM. The RESOLUTE consortium: unlocking SLC transporters for drug discovery. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2020; 19:429-430. [DOI: 10.1038/d41573-020-00056-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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7
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Rizzetto R, Agus V, Cainarca S, Rutigliano L, Redaelli L, Scarabottolo L, Rolland JF. Transported by Light: Optogenetic Control of NCX1. Biophys J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.11.1855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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8
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Agus V, Picardi P, Redaelli L, Scarabottolo L, Lohmer S. Three-Dimensional Control of Ion Channel Function through Optogenetics and Co-Culture. SLAS Discov 2017; 23:102-108. [PMID: 28783478 DOI: 10.1177/2472555217722990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The lack of miniaturized and cost-effective methods to control cellular excitability with dosable and temporally precise electrical perturbations represents a long-lasting and unsolved bottleneck for ion channel drug discovery pipelines. Here we developed a high-throughput-compatible fluorescent-based cellular assay that combines optogenetics and co-culture approaches to obtain spatial, temporal, and quantitative control of ion channel activity. The modularity and increased flexibility of control of this light-tandem assay, combined with contained costs and compatibility with conventional drug-screening platforms, make this system suitable for temporally precise screening of ion channel function in controlled conformations and can also be used to recapitulate other complexly regulated biological processes.
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9
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Bayin NS, Frenster JD, Kane JR, Rubenstein J, Modrek AS, Baitalmal R, Dolgalev I, Rudzenski K, Scarabottolo L, Crespi D, Redaelli L, Snuderl M, Golfinos JG, Doyle W, Pacione D, Parker EC, Chi AS, Heguy A, MacNeil DJ, Shohdy N, Zagzag D, Placantonakis DG. GPR133 (ADGRD1), an adhesion G-protein-coupled receptor, is necessary for glioblastoma growth. Oncogenesis 2016; 5:e263. [PMID: 27775701 PMCID: PMC5117849 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2016.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a deadly primary brain malignancy with extensive intratumoral hypoxia. Hypoxic regions of GBM contain stem-like cells and are associated with tumor growth and angiogenesis. The molecular mechanisms that regulate tumor growth in hypoxic conditions are incompletely understood. Here, we use primary human tumor biospecimens and cultures to identify GPR133 (ADGRD1), an orphan member of the adhesion family of G-protein-coupled receptors, as a critical regulator of the response to hypoxia and tumor growth in GBM. GPR133 is selectively expressed in CD133+ GBM stem cells (GSCs) and within the hypoxic areas of PPN in human biospecimens. GPR133 mRNA is transcriptionally upregulated by hypoxia in hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (Hif1α)-dependent manner. Genetic inhibition of GPR133 with short hairpin RNA reduces the prevalence of CD133+ GSCs, tumor cell proliferation and tumorsphere formation in vitro. Forskolin rescues the GPR133 knockdown phenotype, suggesting that GPR133 signaling is mediated by cAMP. Implantation of GBM cells with short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of GPR133 in the mouse brain markedly reduces tumor xenograft formation and increases host survival. Analysis of the TCGA data shows that GPR133 expression levels are inversely correlated with patient survival. These findings indicate that GPR133 is an important mediator of the hypoxic response in GBM and has significant protumorigenic functions. We propose that GPR133 represents a novel molecular target in GBM and possibly other malignancies where hypoxia is fundamental to pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Bayin
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Kimmel Center for Stem Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - J D Frenster
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Kimmel Center for Stem Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - J R Kane
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - J Rubenstein
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - A S Modrek
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - R Baitalmal
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - I Dolgalev
- Genome Technology Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - K Rudzenski
- Office for Therapeutic Alliances, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - M Snuderl
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Brain Tumor Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - J G Golfinos
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Brain Tumor Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - W Doyle
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - D Pacione
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - E C Parker
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - A S Chi
- Brain Tumor Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - A Heguy
- Genome Technology Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - D J MacNeil
- Office for Therapeutic Alliances, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - N Shohdy
- Office for Therapeutic Alliances, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - D Zagzag
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Brain Tumor Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - D G Placantonakis
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Kimmel Center for Stem Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Brain Tumor Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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10
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López-Nicolás R, Marzorati M, Scarabottolo L, Halford JCG, Johnstone AM, Frontela-Saseta C, Sanmartín AM, Ros-Berruezo G, Harrold JA. Satiety Innovations: Food Products to Assist Consumers with Weight Loss, Evidence on the Role of Satiety in Healthy Eating: Overview and In Vitro Approximation. Curr Obes Rep 2016; 5:97-105. [PMID: 26847622 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-016-0196-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing globally, driven by the availability of energy-dense palatable foods. Most dietary strategies fail because of hunger generated by calorie restriction, and interventions that specifically control hunger and/or promote fullness may aid success. Current consumers have a limited choice of satiety-enhancing products with proven health benefits, and innovative ways to produce new foods (as structural modification) to enhance satiety/satiation may provide new opportunities. However, this potential is hindered by the cost of product testing. Within the SATIN-SATiety INnovation project-an in vitro platform has been developed to offer a cost-effective means of assessing the potential satiation/satiety effect of novel foods. This combines in vitro technologies to assess changes in colonic bacteria metabolism, appetite hormone release and the stability and bioavailability of active compounds in the new products/ingredients. This article provides a brief review of nutrients for which an impact on short-term appetite regulation has been demonstrated, and a summary of the changes to food structure which can be used to produce a change in appetite expression. Furthermore, the SATIN in vitro platform is discussed as a means of assessing the impact of nutritional and structural manipulations on appetite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén López-Nicolás
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', Murcia, Spain
| | - Massimo Marzorati
- LabMET, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- ProDigest, Technologiepark 3, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Jason C G Halford
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Alexandra M Johnstone
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health (RINH), University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Carmen Frontela-Saseta
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Gaspar Ros-Berruezo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', Murcia, Spain
| | - Joanne A Harrold
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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11
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12
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Corazza S, Scarabottolo L, Lohmer S, Liberati C. An innovative cell-based assay for the detection of modulators of soluble guanylate cyclase. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2006; 4:165-73. [PMID: 16712420 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2006.4.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanylate cyclase (GC) catalyzes the biosynthesis of cyclic guanosine 3',5'- monophosphate (cGMP) from GTP. GC exists in two isoenzyme forms: soluble and membrane-bound. The soluble GC (sGC) is a heterodimer composed of an alpha and a beta subunit, and it contains heme as a prosthetic group. The most important physiological activator of sGC is nitric oxide, which activates the enzyme upon binding to the heme moiety. By producing the second messenger cGMP, which regulates various effector systems such as phosphodiesterases, ion channels, and protein kinases, sGC plays an important role in different physiological processes, thus representing a very attractive pharmacological target. In fact, the pathogenesis of several diseases, especially those of the cardiovascular system, has been linked to inappropriate regulation of sGC. In order to find new modulators for this important enzyme, an innovative cell-based assay has been developed and optimized for the use in high-throughput screening. This luminescent assay, which is suitable for both 96- and 384-well plate formats, has been achieved by stably expressing the alpha and beta subunits of a mutated form of sGC in Chinese hamster ovary cells. The mutated form synthesizes cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate instead of cGMP, allowing the detection of enzymatic activity by a reporter gene approach. We demonstrated that this cell line responds to compounds typically used in the field of sGC research and that it represents an innovative and robust assay to screen for sGC modulators with high efficiency and high sensitivity by means of standard luminescence readers.
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Scarabottolo L, Trezzi E, Roma P, Catapano AL. Experimental hypothyroidism modulates the expression of the low density lipoprotein receptor by the liver. Atherosclerosis 1986; 59:329-33. [PMID: 3964353 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9150(86)90129-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The effect of experimental hypothyroidism on the catabolism of plasma lipoproteins and on the expression of low density lipoprotein receptors by the liver was investigated in rats made hypothyroid by surgery. The animals developed mild hypercholesterolemia, mainly due to an increase of plasma low density lipoprotein, while other lipoprotein classes were only marginally affected. Kinetic studies using [125I]LDL indicated that a decreased fractional catabolic rate of the lipoprotein was responsible for this finding in agreement with the in vitro observation of a reduced binding of lipoproteins to liver membranes from hypothyroid rats and with the demonstration, by ligand blotting analysis, of a decreased expression of lipoprotein receptors in liver membranes. These data suggest that hypothyroidism affects lipoprotein distribution also by decreasing the catabolism of low density lipoproteins by the liver.
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