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Jabehdar Maralani P, Stewart J, Hiremath S, Lawrence L, Chan R, Lau A, Chen H, Chan A, Zeng LK, Tseng CL, Myrehaug S, Soliman H, Detsky J, Heyn C, Lim Fat M, Lipsman N, Sahgal A. Relationship between apparent diffusion coefficient and survival as a function of distance from gross tumor volume on radiation planning MRI in newly diagnosed glioblastoma. J Neurooncol 2023; 164:597-605. [PMID: 37707752 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-023-04440-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the changes in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) within incrementally-increased margins beyond the gross tumor volume (GTV) on post-operative radiation planning MRI and their prognostic utility in glioblastoma. METHODS Radiation planning MRIs of adult patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma from 2017 to 2020 were assessed. The ADC values were normalized to contralateral normal white matter (nADC). Using 1 mm isotropic incremental margin increases from the GTV, the nADC values were calculated at each increment. Age, ECOG performance status, extent of resection and MGMT promoter methylation status were obtained from medical records. Using univariate and multivariable Cox regression analysis, association of nADC to progression-free and overall survival (PFS, OS) was assessed at each increment. RESULTS Seventy consecutive patients with mean age of 53.6 ± 10.3 years, were evaluated. The MGMT promoter was methylated in 31 (44.3%), unmethylated in 36 (51.6%) and unknown in 3 (4.3%) patients. 11 (16%) underwent biopsy, 41 (44%) subtotal resection and 18 (26%) gross total resection. For each 1 mm increase in distance from GTV, the nADC decreased by 0.16% (p < 0.0001). At 1-5 mm increment, the nADC was associated with OS (p < 0.01). From 6 to 11 mm increment the nADC was associated with OS with the p-value gradually increasing from 0.018 to 0.046. nADC was not associated with PFS. CONCLUSION The nADC values at 1-11 mm increments from the GTV margin were associated with OS. Future prospective multicenter studies are needed to validate the findings and to pave the way for the utilization of ADC for margin reduction in radiation planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pejman Jabehdar Maralani
- Department of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - James Stewart
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Shivaprakash Hiremath
- Department of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Liam Lawrence
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rachel Chan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Angus Lau
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hanbo Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Aimee Chan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Liang K Zeng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Chia-Lin Tseng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sten Myrehaug
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hany Soliman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jay Detsky
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Chinthaka Heyn
- Department of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - MaryJane Lim Fat
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nir Lipsman
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Arjun Sahgal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Blaj C, Menard M, Tobvis Shifrin N, Chen K, Chow C, Courtney H, Kumamoto A, Velilla T, Evans J, Lawrence L, Vonmelchert B, Kwok-Parkhill A, Singh M, Smith J, Quintana E. Enhancement of anti-tumor immunity in immunogenic and immune-refractory RAS mutant tumors with tri-complex RAS(ON) inhibitors. Eur J Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(22)00958-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Nguyen TK, Chin L, Sahgal A, Dagan R, Eppinga W, Guckenberger M, Kim JH, Lo SS, Redmond KJ, Siva S, Stish BJ, Chan R, Lawrence L, Lau A, Tseng CL. International Multi-institutional Patterns of Contouring Practice and Clinical Target Volume Recommendations for Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Non-Spine Bone Metastases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021; 112:351-360. [PMID: 34509549 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite the increasing use of stereotactic body radiation therapy for non-spine bone metastases (NSBM), there is no established standard for target delineation. The objective of this study was to provide consensus recommendations on clinical target volume (CTV) delineation based on international expert contours. METHODS AND MATERIALS Eleven cases of NSBM were contoured by 9 international radiation oncologists. For each case, the gross tumor volume was provided on the simulation computed tomography scans with accompanying magnetic resonance imaging. Participants contoured the CTV and completed a clinical survey. Agreement between CTV contours were analyzed with simultaneous truth and performance level estimation using the kappa coefficient and the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and summarized to establish contouring recommendations. A direction-dependent analysis was applied to the consensus contours to quantify margins. RESULTS All CTV contours were completed. Six participants used a single-dose level, whereas 3 used a 2-dose level simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) technique. For the SIB cases, the largest volume receiving a stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) dose was used for contour analysis. There was substantial agreement between contours across cases with a mean kappa of 0.72 (mean sensitivity 0.85, mean specificity 0.97). The mean DSC value was 0.77 (range, 0.67-0.87). Consensus CTV contouring recommendations were (1) an intraosseous CTV margin of 5 to 10 mm should be strongly considered within contiguous bone; (2) an extraosseous margin of 5 to 10 mm should be strongly considered where there is soft tissue disease or cortical bone disruption; (3) CTVs should be manually cropped to respect anatomic barriers to spread (eg, peritoneal cavity, pleura, uninvolved joint space and cortical bone). CONCLUSIONS CTV contouring recommendations for NSBM-SBRT were established based on analysis of international expert consensus contours with a high level of agreement. These principles may provide guidance to treating physicians and inform future study until prospective clinical data can provide further refinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy K Nguyen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, London Health Sciences Centre, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lee Chin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arjun Sahgal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roi Dagan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Health Proton Therapy Institute, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Wietse Eppinga
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Guckenberger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jin Ho Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Simon S Lo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kristin J Redmond
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Shankar Siva
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bradley J Stish
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Rachel Chan
- Department of Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Liam Lawrence
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angus Lau
- Department of Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chia-Lin Tseng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Edworthy J, Edworthy J, Reed D, Wessel C, Lawrence L. Ergonomic Auditory Alarm Signals for the Oil and Chemical Processing Industry. IISE Trans Occup Ergon Hum Factors 2021. [PMID: 34856885 DOI: 10.1080/24725838.2021.2012730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OCCUPATIONAL APPLICATIONSAuditory alarm signals are a safety measure that would benefit from improvement across many industries. There is a considerable research base that can be applied to the development and testing of audible alarms, though this is rarely done in practice. We describe a process that can be adopted in any area where audible alarm signals are widespread. A comprehensive approach to updating and improving auditory alarms requires consideration not only of individual alarm sounds but also of how the alarm signals will work together. We show the development and design of alarm signal sets following best practices from acoustic, psychoacoustic, and psychological knowledge to ensure that the resultant alarms are localizable, audible, easy to learn, appropriately urgency-mapped, and differentiable. We also describe benchmarking tests, and a protocol for thinking about how auditory alarm signals might be implemented in control rooms of different sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy Edworthy
- School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Devon, UK
| | | | | | - Connor Wessel
- School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Devon, UK
| | - Liam Lawrence
- School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Devon, UK
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Moonaz S, Whitehead AM, Lawrence L, Natividad D, Kindred D, Nielsen A, Teets R. Yoga therapy DYADS: A novel approach to chronic pain management in underserved populations. Explore (NY) 2020; 18:195-199. [PMID: 33342752 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Yoga therapy is an emerging integrative health approach that applies the practices and teachings of yoga for individuals with clinical concerns. It is generally offered as individual sessions between a yoga therapist and client or in a small group setting with several clients who share a clinical concern. Here we describe a third model for consideration- the yoga therapy dyad. A dyad includes two clients working simultaneously with a single yoga therapist and differs from both individual and small group sessions in the potential benefits and challenges. The yoga therapy dyad model that is detailed here was implemented as part of a feasibility trial along with group acupuncture therapy for chronic pain in an underserved population. Underserved populations are at risk for pain and reduced access to care. This pilot may inform future research, policy, education, and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Moonaz
- Maryland University of Integrative Health, 7750 Montpelier Road, Laurel, MD 20723, USA.
| | - A M Whitehead
- Integrative Health Coordinating Center, VHA Office of Patient Centered Care & Cultural Transformation, 810 Vermont Ave NW, Washington, DC 20420, USA
| | | | | | | | - A Nielsen
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Family Medicine & Community Health, 1425 Madison Avenue, L5-40, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - R Teets
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Family Medicine & Community Health, 1425 Madison Avenue, L5-40, New York, NY 10029, USA; Institute for Family Health, 230W 17th St, New York, NY 10011, USA.
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Lawrence L, Gorthi A, Miller H, Bishop AJR. Abstract B24: Dysregulated Transcription Drives Splicing Defect in Ewing Sarcoma. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.pedca19-b24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (EwS) is a pediatric and young adult cancer that is driven by the EWSR1-FLI1 translocation. Despite decades of work, this cancer is still an enigma, with poorly understood biology and no targeted treatments. Our recent work published in Nature demonstrated a previously overlooked consequence of EWSR1-FLI1, that this fusion causes hyperphosphorylated RNA polymerase II (pRNAPII) due to loss of EWSR1 inhibition of CDK7 and CDK9. We observed high levels of transcription, with high levels of R-loops present in locations that R-loops normally (physiologically) occur. Based upon these findings, we began to reconsider cellular phenotypes of EwS to identify the molecular basis of these phenotypes and ask whether these changes provide a fundamental defect in all EwS. One phenotype that was previously identified in EwS is that these cells display altered splicing profiles. In our prior work we reported that the normal dephosphorylation of pRNAP in response to damage does not occur, and this results in trapping of BRCA1 protein with the active transcription complex. It was recently shown that the splicing machinery is bound to pRNAPII. This observation raises the interesting possibility that in EwS, like BRCA1 protein, the splicing machinery is also sequestered with pRNAPII. Interestingly, in recent years, there have been several reports linking R-loops to splicing, with splicing defects causing R-loop accumulation and R-loops being associated with sites of alternative splicing. We therefore asked if there is an association between the R-loops and alternative splicing phenotype in EwS cells and whether this results in a defect that can be leveraged to specifically target EwS cells and tumors.
Citation Format: L. Lawrence, A. Gorthi, H. Miller, A. J. R. Bishop. Dysregulated Transcription Drives Splicing Defect in Ewing Sarcoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Advances in Pediatric Cancer Research; 2019 Sep 17-20; Montreal, QC, Canada. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(14 Suppl):Abstract nr B24.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A. Gorthi
- GCCRI, UT-Health SA, San Antonio, TX
| | - H. Miller
- GCCRI, UT-Health SA, San Antonio, TX
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Zinzi D, Horcajada J, Madej A, Lawrence L, Cammarata S. OUTCOMES IN TREATMENT OF EUROPEAN (EU) PATIENTS WITH COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA (CABP) COMPARING DELAFLOXACIN (DLX) AND MOXIFLOXACIN (MOX). Chest 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.05.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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8
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Pyles M, Fowler A, Crum A, Hayes S, Schendel R, Flythe M, Lawrence L. Influence of milk composition and foal microbiota on diarrhea incidence. J Equine Vet Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2019.03.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Pyles M, Fowler A, Crum A, Hayes S, Flythe M, Lawrence L. Effect of a fat-supplemented concentrate on fecal cellulolytic bacteria. J Equine Vet Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2019.03.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Pyles M, Fowler A, Crum A, Hayes S, Gellin G, Flythe M, Lawrence L. PSI-6 Carbohydrate-utilizing bacteria in foal feces. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Pyles
- University of Kentucky,Lexington, KY, United States
| | - A Fowler
- University of Kentucky,Lexington, KY, United States
| | - A Crum
- University of Kentucky,Lexington, KY, United States
| | - S Hayes
- University of Kentucky,Lexington, KY, United States
| | - G Gellin
- USDA ARS Forage Animal Production Research Unit,Lexington, KY, United States
| | - M Flythe
- USDA ARS Forage Animal Production Research Unit,Lexington, KY, United States
| | - L Lawrence
- University of Kentucky,Lexington, KY, United States
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Fowler A, Pyles M, Hayes S, Crum A, Bill V, Harris P, Krotky A, Lawrence L. PSI-2 Weight change affects mineral excretion and markers of bone turnover in horses. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Fowler
- University of Kentucky,Lexington, KY, United States
| | - M Pyles
- University of Kentucky,Lexington, KY, United States
| | - S Hayes
- University of Kentucky,Lexington, KY, United States
| | - A Crum
- University of Kentucky,Lexington, KY, United States
| | - V Bill
- University of Kentucky,Lexington, KY, United States
| | - P Harris
- Mars Horsecare UK,Berkshire, United Kingdom
| | - A Krotky
- Mars Horsecare US,Dalton, OH, United States
| | - L Lawrence
- University of Kentucky,Lexington, KY, United States
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Fowler A, Pyles M, Hayes S, Crum A, Bill V, Lawrence L. 464 Use of titanium dioxide as a marker for determining fecal output in horses. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Fowler
- University of Kentucky,Lexington, KY, United States
| | - M Pyles
- University of Kentucky,Lexington, KY, United States
| | - S Hayes
- University of Kentucky,Lexington, KY, United States
| | - A Crum
- University of Kentucky,Lexington, KY, United States
| | - V Bill
- University of Kentucky,Lexington, KY, United States
| | - L Lawrence
- University of Kentucky,Lexington, KY, United States
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13
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Ciorciari J, Lawrence L. EEG and compulsive behaviours. Int J Psychophysiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2018.07.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Pullman J, Gardovskis J, Farley B, Sun E, Quintas M, Lawrence L, Ling R, Cammarata S. Efficacy and safety of delafloxacin compared with vancomycin plus aztreonam for acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections: a Phase 3, double-blind, randomized study. J Antimicrob Chemother 2018; 72:3471-3480. [PMID: 29029278 PMCID: PMC5890686 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkx329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Delafloxacin is an investigational anionic fluoroquinolone in development for oral or intravenous administration for the treatment of infections caused by Gram-positive (including MRSA), Gram-negative, atypical and anaerobic organisms. Objectives To establish the non-inferiority of delafloxacin compared with vancomycin plus aztreonam for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections and to compare the safety of the two antimicrobials. Patients and methods A Phase 3, multicentre, randomized, double-blind, active-controlled study with 660 patients compared delafloxacin 300 mg or vancomycin 15 mg/kg plus aztreonam 2 g each administered twice daily intravenously for 5–14 days. Non-inferiority was evaluated by objective response (≥20% erythema reduction) at 48–72 h after initiation of study drug, investigator subjective assessment of outcome and microbiological responses. Clinical Trials Registration: NCT01811732. EudraCT number: 2012-001767-71. Results In the ITT analysis set, the objective response was 78.2% in the delafloxacin arm and 80.9% in the vancomycin/aztreonam arm (mean treatment difference, −2.6%; 95% CI, −8.78% to 3.57%). Investigator-assessed cure was similar between the two groups at follow-up (52.0% versus 50.5%) and late follow-up (70.4% versus 66.6%). Bacterial eradication of MRSA was 100% and 98.5% in the delafloxacin group and the vancomycin/aztreonam group, respectively. Frequency of treatment-emergent adverse events in the delafloxacin and vancomycin/aztreonam groups was similar. Treatment-emergent adverse events leading to study drug discontinuation were higher in the vancomycin/aztreonam group compared with the delafloxacin group (4.3% versus 0.9%). Conclusions Delafloxacin, an anionic fluoroquinolone, was statistically non-inferior to vancomycin/aztreonam at 48–72 h following the start of therapy and was well tolerated as monotherapy in the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pullman
- Mercury Street Medical, Butte, MT, USA
| | - J Gardovskis
- Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - B Farley
- FCPP Clinical Research Facility, Modesto, CA, USA
| | - E Sun
- Melinta Therapeutics, Lincolnshire, IL, USA
| | - M Quintas
- Melinta Therapeutics, Lincolnshire, IL, USA
| | - L Lawrence
- Melinta Therapeutics, Lincolnshire, IL, USA
| | - R Ling
- H2O Clinical, Hunt Valley, MD, USA
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Dawe RS, Ferguson J, Ibbotson S, Lawrence L, Paulson S, Duffy E, Cammarata S. Lack of phototoxicity potential with delafloxacin in healthy male and female subjects: comparison to lomefloxacin. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:773-780. [PMID: 29721574 DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00019k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Delafloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic recently approved by the FDA for treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSI). Delafloxacin was assessed for phototoxicity potential compared with a known phototoxic fluoroquinolone. METHODS A Phase 1, investigator-blind, placebo/active-controlled, randomized, parallel-group study was conducted in 52 healthy male and female volunteers who received 200 or 400 mg of oral delafloxacin, 400 mg oral lomefloxacin or placebo once daily for 6 days. This study evaluated the photosensitizing potential and possible wavelength dependency of delafloxacin by comparing the response of the skin to ultraviolet A (UVA), ultraviolet B (UVB) and visible radiation prior to and during administration of delafloxacin, lomefloxacin as a positive control, or placebo. Adverse events were monitored throughout the study. RESULTS Forty-seven subjects completed six days of dosing, and no evidence of phototoxicity was seen with delafloxacin. Delafloxacin at 200 and 400 mg day-1 and placebo did not demonstrate differences in percent change from baseline in minimal erythema dose at all tested wavelengths (295-430 nm) by monochromator and solar simulator. Lomefloxacin, the positive control, had statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) at UVA wavelengths of 335 and 365 ± 30 nm 24 hours after radiation exposure (maximum response). The phototoxic index results were significantly higher for lomefloxacin at 335 nm and 365 nm compared to placebo and delafloxacin. CONCLUSIONS 200 and 400 mg of delafloxacin administered for 6 days were well tolerated in healthy adult volunteers. Delafloxacin and placebo failed to demonstrate a phototoxic effect but lomefloxacin, the positive control, demonstrated moderate phototoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Dawe
- Photobiology Unit, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
| | - J Ferguson
- Photobiology Unit, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
| | - S Ibbotson
- Photobiology Unit, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
| | - L Lawrence
- Melinta Therapeutics, Inc., Lincolnshire, IL 60069, USA.
| | - S Paulson
- Firma Clinical, Northbrook, IL 60062, USA
| | - E Duffy
- Melinta Therapeutics, Inc., New Haven, CT 06515, USA
| | - S Cammarata
- Melinta Therapeutics, Inc., Lincolnshire, IL 60069, USA.
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Ezegwui IR, Lawrence L, Aghaji AE, Okoye OI, Okoye O, Onwasigwe EN, Ebigbo PO. Refractive errors in children with autism in a developing country. Niger J Clin Pract 2014; 17:467-70. [PMID: 24909471 DOI: 10.4103/1119-3077.134042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a resource-limited country visual problems of mentally challenged individuals are often neglected. AIM The present study aims to study refractive errors in children diagnosed with autism in a developing country. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ophthalmic examination was carried out on children diagnosed with autism attending a school for the mentally challenged in Enugu, Nigeria between December 2009 and May 2010. Visual acuity was assessed using Lea symbols. Anterior and posterior segments were examined. Cycloplegic refraction was performed. Data was entered on the protocol prepared for the study and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 17 (Chicago IL, USA). RESULTS A total of 21 children with autism were enrolled in the school; 18 of whom were examined giving coverage of 85.7%. The age range was 5-15 years, with a mean of 10.28 years (standard deviation ± 3.20). There were 13 boys and 5 girls. One child had bilateral temporal pallor of the disc and one had bilateral maculopathy with diffuse chorioretinal atrophy. Refraction revealed 4 children (22.2%) had astigmatism and 2 children (11.1%) had hypermetropia. CONCLUSION Significant refractive error mainly astigmatism was noted in the children with autism. Identifying refractive errors in these children early and providing appropriate corrective lenses may help optimize their visual functioning and impact their activities of daily life in a positive way.
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Affiliation(s)
- I R Ezegwui
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria
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Balachandran P, Chang K, Lawrence L, Jianluo J, Hotchkiss R, Upadhya G, Dubray B, Knolhoff B, Mohanakumar T, Chapman W, Anderson C. Differential Mediation of Cold Ischemia Reperfusion Injury By BH3 Pro-apoptotic Proteins in Steatotic Hepatocytes. J Surg Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2011.11.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Korant A, Kanaan M, Sirop S, Nuthakki H, Lawrence L, Hicks R, Strahle D, Nagpal S, Wiese D, Saha S. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as compared to mammogram (MMG) in the evaluation of size, number of lesions, and nodal positivity in breast cancer (BrCa). J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.1102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Strasinger L, Lawrence L. Growth Rates in 3 and 4 Month Old Foals During the Summer in Central Kentucky. J Equine Vet Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2011.03.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Edwards M, Lawrence L, O'Connor-Robison C. Techniques, Equipment and Considerations Applied in Equine Digestibility Experiments. J Equine Vet Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2011.03.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Dye J, Lawrence L, Linge C, Leach L, Firth J, Clark P. Distinct Patterns of Microvascular Endothelial Cell Morphology Are Determined by Extracellular Matrix Composition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 11:151-67. [PMID: 15370292 DOI: 10.1080/10623320490512093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM) play important roles in angiogenesis but whether specific ECM signals can determine specific cellular morphologies is unclear. The authors compared in vitro ECM-induced morphological responses of the phenotypically distinct human placental microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs) with large vessel endothelial cells (HUVECs). HPMECs showed distinct patterns of reorganization in response to collagen-I or collagen-IV (monolayer disruption, sprouting, migration) and Matrigel or laminin-A (intussusception, cord formation, tubulogenesis), and an intermediate response to fibrin; whereas HUVECs responded similarly to collagen-1 and Matrigel (elongation, lattice formation, vacuolation) and showed little response to fibrin. Although the extent of collagen and Matrigel responses of HPMECs were increased by serum, acidic or basic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF, bFGF), or vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and varied with matrix protein concentration, the basic patterns were matrix specific, and were independent of fibronectin. The collagen responses correlated with disruption of adherens and tight junctions and the formation of filopodial protrusions. Matrigel responses were associated with up-regulated junctional localization of VE-cadherin, and tubulogenesis developed mainly through paracellular remodeling rather than intracellular vacuolation. Overall, these findings suggest that distinct ECM interactions stimulate specific morphological responses. These signals may regulate morphological behaviour in the angiogenesis cycle, switching endothelial cells between migratory and vasculogenic phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dye
- RAFT Institute of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Mount Vernon Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.
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McCown∗ S, Ringler J, Watson K, Cassill B, Stine J, Lawrence L. Sampling Factors Affecting Carbohydrate Measurements in Pasture Grasses. J Equine Vet Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2009.04.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Cunkelman J, Lawrence L, Odem R. Successful treatment of iatrogenic complete cervical occlusion with an innovative use of a multipurpose drainage catheter. Fertil Steril 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.07.751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Nguyen T, Lawrence L, Ratts V, Odem R, Siegel C, Merritt D. Diagnosis and management of didelphic uterus, obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis (Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome): the Washington University experience. Fertil Steril 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.07.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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27
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David AL, Peebles DM, Gregory L, Waddington SN, Themis M, Weisz B, Ruthe A, Lawrence L, Cook T, Rodeck CH, Coutelle C. Clinically applicable procedure for gene delivery to fetal gut by ultrasound-guided gastric injection: toward prenatal prevention of early-onset intestinal diseases. Hum Gene Ther 2006; 17:767-79. [PMID: 16839275 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2006.17.767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting gene therapy vectors to the fetal intestinal tract could provide a novel means toward prevention of the early postnatal intestinal pathology of cystic fibrosis and other conditions, such as congenital enteropathy, that cause intestinal failure. Among these conditions, cystic fibrosis is by far the most common lethal genetic disease. It is caused by a functional absence or deficiency of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator and manifests in the gut as meconium ileus. Prenatal treatment of genetic disease may avoid early-onset tissue damage and immune sensitization, and may target cells that are less accessible in the adult. We investigated gene transfer to the fetal gut, using a minimally invasive injection technique. First-generation replication-deficient adenoviral vectors encoding the beta-galactosidase gene and transduction-enhancing agents were injected into the stomach of early-gestation fetal sheep (n = 8, 60 days of gestation; term, 145 days) under ultrasound guidance. Reporter gene expression was observed 2 days after injection in the villi of the gastrointestinal epithelia after 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside staining and beta-galactosidase immunohistochemistry of fetal tissues. Expression of beta-galactosidase, as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, was enhanced after pretreatment of the fetal gut with sodium caprate, which opens tight junctions, and after adenovirus complexation with DEAE-dextran, which confers a positive charge to the virus. Instillation of the fluorocarbon perflubron after virus delivery resulted in tissue transduction from the fetal stomach to the colon. Using a clinically relevant technique, we have demonstrated widespread gene transfer to the fetal gastrointestinal epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L David
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London, WC1E 6HX, United Kingdom.
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David A, Peebles D, Gregory L, Waddington S, Themis M, Weisz B, Ruthe A, Lawrence L, Cook T, Rodeck C, Coutelle C. Clinically Applicable Procedure for Gene Delivery to Fetal Gut by Ultrasound-Guided Gastric Injection: Toward Prenatal Prevention of Early-Onset Intestinal Diseases. Hum Gene Ther 2006. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2006.17.ft-222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Buckley SMK, Waddington SN, Jezzard S, Lawrence L, Schneider H, Holder MV, Themis M, Coutelle C. Factors influencing adenovirus-mediated airway transduction in fetal mice. Mol Ther 2005; 12:484-92. [PMID: 16099411 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2005.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2004] [Revised: 02/15/2005] [Accepted: 02/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intra-amniotic injection of adenovirus allows transduction of the fetal airways following natural fetal breathing movements. This administration method is promising for use in gene therapy for cystic fibrosis and other diseases for which the main target for exogenous gene expression is the lung. Here we have investigated factors that may affect the efficacy of gene transfer to the murine fetal lung. We examined marker compound distribution and transgene expression (from a first-generation adenoviral vector) at different stages of development. This demonstrated that fetal breathing movements at 15-16 days of gestation are of sufficient intensity to carry marker/vector into the fetal lungs. These movements can be significantly stimulated by the combination of intra-amniotic theophylline administration and postoperative exposure of the dam to elevated CO(2) levels. However, the most important factor for efficient and consistent pulmonary transgene delivery is the dose of adenoviral vector used, as both the degree of transduction and the percentage of lungs transduced increases with escalating viral dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M K Buckley
- Gene Therapy Research Group, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, SAF Building, Imperial College, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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Lawrence L. Discrepancy Rates in Pediatric Teleradiology: General versus Pediatric In-house Radiologists. Acad Emerg Med 2005. [DOI: 10.1197/j.aem.2005.03.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Gregory LG, Waddington SN, Holder MV, Mitrophanous KA, Buckley SMK, Mosley KL, Bigger BW, Ellard FM, Walmsley LE, Lawrence L, Al-Allaf F, Kingsman S, Coutelle C, Themis M. Highly efficient EIAV-mediated in utero gene transfer and expression in the major muscle groups affected by Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Gene Ther 2004; 11:1117-25. [PMID: 15141156 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy has so far not been successful because of the difficulty in achieving efficient and permanent gene transfer to the large number of affected muscles and the development of immune reactions against vector and transgenic protein. In addition, the prenatal onset of disease complicates postnatal gene therapy. We have therefore proposed a fetal approach to overcome these barriers. We have applied beta-galactosidase expressing equine infectious anaemia virus (EIAV) lentiviruses pseudotyped with VSV-G by single or combined injection via different routes to the MF1 mouse fetus on day 15 of gestation and describe substantial gene delivery to the musculature. Highly efficient gene transfer to skeletal muscles, including the diaphragm and intercostal muscles, as well as to cardiac myocytes was observed and gene expression persisted for at least 15 months after administration of this integrating vector. These findings support the concept of in utero gene delivery for therapeutic and long-term prevention/correction of muscular dystrophies and pave the way for a future application in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Gregory
- Gene Therapy Research Group, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College, South Kensington, London, UK
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Peebles D, Gregory LG, David A, Themis M, Waddington SN, Knapton HJ, Miah M, Cook T, Lawrence L, Nivsarkar M, Rodeck C, Coutelle C. Widespread and efficient marker gene expression in the airway epithelia of fetal sheep after minimally invasive tracheal application of recombinant adenovirus in utero. Gene Ther 2004; 11:70-8. [PMID: 14681699 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis is a common lethal genetic disease caused by functional absence of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Although a candidate disease for in utero gene therapy, demonstration of potentially therapeutic levels of transgene expression in the fetal airways after minimally invasive gene delivery is a mandatory prerequisite before application of this approach in humans can be considered. We report here on the delivery of a beta-galactosidase expressing adenovirus directly to the airways of fetal sheep in utero using ultrasound-guided percutaneous injection of the trachea in the fetal chest. Injection of adenoviral particles to the fetal airways was not associated with mortality and resulted in low-level expression in the peripheral airways. However, complexation of the virus with DEAE dextran, which confers a positive charge to the virus, and pretreatment of the airways with Na-caprate, which opens tight junctions, increased transgene expression, and a combination of these two enhancers resulted in widespread and efficient gene transfer of the fetal trachea and bronchial tree. Using a percutaneous ultrasound-guided injection technique, we have clearly demonstrated proof of principle for substantial transgene delivery to the fetal airways providing levels of gene expression that could be relevant for a therapeutic application of CFTR expressing vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Peebles
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, UK
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Waddington SN, Mitrophanous KA, Ellard FM, Buckley SMK, Nivsarkar M, Lawrence L, Cook HT, Al-Allaf F, Bigger B, Kingsman SM, Coutelle C, Themis M. Long-term transgene expression by administration of a lentivirus-based vector to the fetal circulation of immuno-competent mice. Gene Ther 2003; 10:1234-40. [PMID: 12858188 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3301991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Inefficient gene transfer, inaccessibility of stem cell compartments, transient gene expression, and adverse immune and inflammatory reactions to vector and transgenic protein are major barriers to successful in vivo application of gene therapy for most genetic diseases. Prenatal gene therapy with integrating vectors may overcome these problems and prevent early irreparable organ damage. To this end, high-dose attenuated VSV-G pseudotyped equine infectious anaemia virus (EIAV) encoding beta-galactosidase under the CMV promoter was injected into the fetal circulation of immuno-competent MF1 mice. We saw prolonged, extensive gene expression in the liver, heart, brain and muscle, and to a lesser extent in the kidney and lung of postnatal mice. Progressive clustered hepatocyte staining suggests clonal expansion of cells stably transduced. We thus provide proof of principle for efficient gene delivery and persistent transgene expression after prenatal application of the EIAV vector and its potential for permanent correction of genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Waddington
- Gene Therapy Research Group, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, UK
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Lawrence L, Andrews D, Ralph B, France C. Identifying and assessing environmental impacts: investigating ISO 14001 approaches. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1108/09544780210413237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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35
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Pook MA, Al-Mahdawi S, Carroll CJ, Cossée M, Puccio H, Lawrence L, Clark P, Lowrie MB, Bradley JL, Cooper JM, Koenig M, Chamberlain S. Rescue of the Friedreich's ataxia knockout mouse by human YAC transgenesis. Neurogenetics 2001; 3:185-93. [PMID: 11714098 DOI: 10.1007/s100480100118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We have generated and characterised transgenic mice that contain the entire Friedreich's ataxia gene (FRDA) within a human YAC clone of 370 kb. In an effort to overcome the embryonic lethality of homozygous Frda knockout mice and to study the behaviour of human frataxin in a mouse cellular environment, we bred the FRDA YAC transgene onto the null mouse background. Phenotypically normal offspring that express only YAC-derived human frataxin were identified. The human frataxin was expressed in the appropriate tissues at levels comparable to the endogenous mouse frataxin, and it was correctly processed and localised to mitochondria. Biochemical analysis of heart tissue demonstrated preservation of mitochondrial respiratory chain function, together with some increase in citrate synthase and aconitase activities. Thus, we have demonstrated that human frataxin can effectively substitute for endogenous murine frataxin in the null mutant. Our studies are of immediate consequence for the generation of Friedreich's ataxia transgenic mouse models, and further contribute to the accumulating knowledge of human-mouse functional gene replacement systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Pook
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Imperial College School of Medicine, London, UK.
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Cooke SP, Boxer GM, Lawrence L, Pedley RB, Spencer DI, Begent RH, Chester KA. A strategy for antitumor vascular therapy by targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor: receptor complex. Cancer Res 2001; 61:3653-9. [PMID: 11325835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is produced by cancer cells in response to hypoxia and is the primary stimulant of vascularization in solid tumors. Endothelial cells lining the blood vessels of these tumors have a high concentration of receptor-bound VEGF on their surface, providing a target for antibody- directed cancer therapy. To obtain a cloned antibody to this target when bound to its receptor on tumor endothelium, we used phage display technology to create a single-chain Fv (sFv) antibody library from mice immunized with the 165-amino acid isoform of human VEGF-A. We selected, purified, and characterized LL4, an anti-VEGF sFv that was shown to react with receptor-bound VEGF. LL4 bound selectively to blood vessel endothelium, as shown by immunohistochemistry on tissue sections of human tumors. Furthermore, using autoradiography and grain counting of histological sections, systemically administered LL4 was shown to localize selectively to the endothelial lining of tumor blood vessels in human colorectal carcinoma xenografts in vivo. This study demonstrates the feasibility of targeting tumor vasculature using recombinant antibodies to the VEGF:receptor complex.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Colorectal Neoplasms/blood supply
- Colorectal Neoplasms/immunology
- Colorectal Neoplasms/therapy
- Endothelial Growth Factors/immunology
- Endothelial Growth Factors/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/immunology
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Immunization, Passive/methods
- Immunoglobulin Fragments/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Fragments/immunology
- Immunoglobulin Fragments/metabolism
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/immunology
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/metabolism
- Immunohistochemistry
- Lymphokines/immunology
- Lymphokines/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/immunology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/therapy
- Peptide Library
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/immunology
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- Receptors, Growth Factor/immunology
- Receptors, Growth Factor/metabolism
- Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/immunology
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Tissue Distribution
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Cooke
- CRC Targeting and Imaging Group, Department of Oncology, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
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Abstract
The placental endothelium contributes to regulating transplacental exchange and maintaining the immunological maternofetal barrier. We characterized the endothelial phenotype in human normal term placentae with a panel of antibodies to endothelial antigens using a standardized immunofluorescence method. Placental endothelium strongly expressed vWF, PAL-E, H-antigen, thrombomodulin, PECAM-1, CD34, CD36, ICAM-1, CD44, thy-1, A10/33-1, VE-cadherin, caveolin-1 and HLA-G, whereas occludin, claudin-1, eNOS, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), ICAM-2, endoglin and integrin-alphathetabeta(3)were weakly expressed. PGI(2)synthase, tissue factor, E-selectin and VCAM-1 were not detected. Some antigens were heterogenously expressed along the vascular tree or within individual villi. Expression of ACE, eNOS, vWF, P-selectin, E-selectin, integrin alpha(v)beta(3)and endoglin was stronger in the maternal decidual vessels, while PECAM-1, CD44, thy-1 and caveolin-1 expression was stronger in fetal vessels. Some endothelial markers were present in trophoblasts and stroma. Endothelial proliferation was apparent in mature intermediate and terminal villi. There was limited inflammatory response to TNFalpha in explants, characterized by upregulation of vWF, P-selectin, PECAM-1 and CD44, downregulation of thrombomodulin, but no increase in ICAM-1 expression, nor induction of E-selectin, VCAM-1 or tissue factor. These patterns of heterogeneity, proliferative activity and inflammatory activation may underlie the specific physiological roles of the placental endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Dye
- Leukocyte Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College School of Medicine, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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Kozak LJ, Lawrence L. National hospital discharge survey: annual summary, 1997. Vital Health Stat 13 1999:i-iv, 1-46. [PMID: 10603763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This report presents national estimates of the use of non-Federal short-stay hospitals in the United States during 1997 and selected trend data. Estimates are provided by demographic characteristics of patients discharged, geographic region of hospitals, conditions diagnosed, and surgical and nonsurgical procedures performed. Measurements of hospital use include number and rate of discharges and days of care, and the average length of stay. METHODS The estimates are based on data collected through the National Hospital Discharge Survey. The survey has been conducted annually by the National Center for Health Statistics since 1965. In 1997, data were collected for approximately 300,000 discharges. Of the 501 eligible non-Federal short-stay hospitals in the sample, 474 (95 percent) responded to the survey. Diagnoses and procedures were coded according to the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification, or ICD-9-CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Kozak
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, Maryland, USA
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Owings MF, Lawrence L. Detailed diagnoses and procedures, National Hospital Discharge Survey, 1997. Vital Health Stat 13 1999:1-157. [PMID: 10665293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This report presents national estimates of the use of non-Federal short-stay hospitals in the United States during 1997. Estimates of first-listed diagnoses, all-listed diagnoses, days of care for first-listed diagnoses, and all-listed procedures are shown by sex and age of patient and geographic region of hospital. METHODS The estimates are based on data collected through the National Hospital Discharge Survey for 1997. The survey has been conducted annually by the National Center for Health Statistics since 1965. In 1997 data were collected for approximately 300,000 discharges from 474 non-Federal short-stay hospitals. Diagnoses and procedures are presented according to their code number in the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM).
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Kanojia RM, Murray W, Bernstein J, Fernandez J, Foleno BD, Krause H, Lawrence L, Webb G, Barrett JF. 6-oxa isosteres of anacardic acids as potent inhibitors of bacterial histidine protein kinase (HPK)-mediated two-component regulatory systems. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999; 9:2947-52. [PMID: 10571153 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00508-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of 6-oxa isosteres of anacardic acids (6-higher alkyl/alkenyl-2-hydroxybenzoic acids) was synthesised and several members were discovered to be among the most potent inhibitors (IC50 values < or = 5 microM) of the bacterial two-component regulatory systems, KinA/SpoOF and NRII/NRI, reported to date. The Gram-positive antibacterial activity in selected strains is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Kanojia
- The R. W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Raritan, NJ 08869-0602, USA
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Lawrence L, Hall MJ. 1997 summary: National Hospital Discharge Survey. Adv Data 1999:1-16. [PMID: 10662359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This report presents national estimates of the use of non-Federal short-stay hospitals in the United States during 1997. Numbers and rates of discharges, diagnoses, and procedures are shown by age and sex. Discharges are also shown by geographic region of the hospital. Average lengths of stay are presented for all discharges and for selected diagnostic categories by age and by sex. METHODS The estimates are based on medical abstract data collected through the National Hospital Discharge Survey for 1997. The survey has been conducted annually by the National Center for Health Statistics since 1965. Diagnoses and procedures presented are coded according to the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification, or ICD-9-CM.
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Hall MJ, Lawrence L. Ambulatory surgery in the United States, 1996. Adv Data 1998:1-16. [PMID: 10662351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This report presents estimates of surgical and nonsurgical procedures performed on an ambulatory basis in hospitals and freestanding ambulatory surgery centers in the United States during 1996. Data are presented by types of facilities, age and sex of the patient, and geographic region. Major categories of procedures and diagnoses are shown by age, sex, and region. METHODS The estimates are based on data collected by the 1996 National Survey of Ambulatory Surgery conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics. The 1996 data were abstracted from 125,000 medical records in 488 hospitals and freestanding ambulatory surgery centers.
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Sahasrabudhe A, Lawrence L, Epa VC, Varghese JN, Colman PM, McKimm-Breschkin JL. Substrate, inhibitor, or antibody stabilizes the Glu 119 Gly mutant influenza virus neuraminidase. Virology 1998; 247:14-21. [PMID: 9683567 DOI: 10.1006/viro.1998.9222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported the isolation and characterization of an influenza virus variant with decreased sensitivity to the neuraminidase-specific inhibitor zanamivir. This variant, which has a mutation in the active site, Glu 119 Gly (E119G), has the same specific activity as the wild-type neuraminidase (NA), but is inherently unstable, as measured by loss of both enzyme activity and NC10 monoclonal antibody reactivity. However, despite the instability of the NA, replication of the virus in liquid culture is not adversely affected. We demonstrate here that in addition to enhanced temperature sensitivity the mutant NA was significantly more sensitive to formaldehyde and to specimen preparation for electron microscopy. Substrate, inhibitor, or monoclonal antibodies stabilized the NA against all methods of denaturation. These results suggest that the instability of the variant is primarily at the level of polypeptide chain folding rather than at the level of association of monomers into tetramers. Furthermore the presence of high levels of substrate, either cell or virus associated, may be sufficient to stabilize the NA during virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sahasrabudhe
- Biomolecular Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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Abstract
The bicuspid (mitral) valve complex of the human heart consists of functional units which include the valve leaflets, chordae tendineae and the papillary muscles. The mechanical properties of these functional units depend to a large extent on the link between the muscle and the valve. This link is usually arranged in a branching network of avascular tendinous chordae composed of collagen and elastic fibres, which transmit contractions of the papillary muscle to the valve leaflets. In order to perform their function efficiently, the chordae have to possess a high degree of elasticity, as well as considerable strength and endurance. Human chordae tendineae originating from the left ventricles were obtained from 7 embalmed cadavers and 6 postmortem subjects of various ages. Samples washed in saline were fixed or postfixed in 9 % formol saline. Observations were made by illuminating the chordae along their axes. The reflected images originating from the superficial collagenous layers of the relaxed chordae showed a striped pattern 11 microm in width. Scanning electron and light microscopy of the chordae confirmed an undulating pattern of collagen fibrils arranged in bundles of planar waves in register and around the entire circumference of the chorda. The dimensions of the waves correlated with those of the striped reflected pattern. The observed undulating arrangement of the collagen fibrils appears to produce an inherent built-in elasticity which is likely to be of considerable advantage for a tissue which is under continuous repetitive stress. The chordae were covered by endocardium composed of a superficial layer of smooth squamous endothelial cells and an underlying dense layer of elastic fibres. It is suggested that the relaxed striped chordae, consisting of undulating collagen fibrils, straighten when the chordae become stretched by papillary muscle contraction, thereby mitigating the peak stress developed during muscle contraction. On relaxation the elastic tissue tends to return the collagen to its wavy configuration. It is also suggested that the regular wavy pattern of collagen seen in young individuals gradually changes with age by elongation of the wave pattern which eventually becomes randomised. In addition, with increasing age, substantial cushions of connective tissue appear below endocardium while the dense collagenous core has a reduced cross-sectional area which may lead to stretching and eventual rupture of the chordae.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Millington-Sanders
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Imperial College School of Medicine at St. Mary's Hospital, London, UK
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Hall MJ, Lawrence L. Ambulatory surgery in the United States, 1995. Adv Data 1997:1-15. [PMID: 10182647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This report presents estimates of surgical and nonsurgical procedures performed on an ambulatory basis in hospitals and freestanding ambulatory surgery centers in the United States during 1995. Data are presented by types of facilities, age, sex, and geographic region. Major categories of procedures and diagnoses are shown by age, sex, and region. METHODS The estimates are based on data collected from the 1995 National Survey of Ambulatory Surgery conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics. The 1995 data were abstracted from 122,000 medical records in 489 hospitals and freestanding ambulatory surgery centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Hall
- National Center for Health Statististics, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA
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McLemore T, Lawrence L. Plan and operation of the National Survey of Ambulatory Surgery. Vital Health Stat 1 1997:I-124. [PMID: 9478250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The National Survey of Ambulatory Surgery (NSAS), a national probability sample survey of ambulatory surgery visits in hospitals and freestanding ambulatory surgery centers, began operation in 1994. This report traces the development of the survey instruments and procedures, and presents the survey methodology for the NSAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- T McLemore
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, Maryland, USA
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Stevenson RE, Häne B, Arena JF, May M, Lawrence L, Lubs HA, Schwartz CE. Arch fingerprints, hypotonia, and areflexia associated with X linked mental retardation. J Med Genet 1997; 34:465-9. [PMID: 9192265 PMCID: PMC1050968 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.34.6.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A syndrome with distinctive facies, poor muscle tone, absent deep tendon reflexes, tapered fingers, excessive fingerprint arches, genu valgum and mild-moderate mental retardation has occurred in four males in two generations of a white family of European ancestry. The facies are characterised by square configuration, tented upper lip, and thickening of the helices, upper eyelids, and alae nasi. At birth and at maturity, growth (head circumference, height, weight) of affected males is comparable to or greater than unaffected male sibs. Moderate impairment of cognitive function was documented (IQ scores between 40-51). Carriers show no heterozygote manifestations. This X linked condition appears to be different from other syndromes with mental retardation, although there are certain similarities with the alpha thalassaemia-mental retardation syndrome (ATR-X). Linkage analysis found tight linkage to DXS1166 and DXS995 in Xq13 and Xq21 respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Stevenson
- J C Self Research Institute, Greenwood Genetic Center, SC 29646, USA
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Kozak LJ, Hall MJ, Pokras R, Lawrence L. Ambulatory surgery in the United States, 1994. Adv Data 1997:1-15. [PMID: 10172944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This report presents estimates of surgical and nonsurgical procedures done on an ambulatory basis in hospitals and freestanding ambulatory surgery centers in the United States during 1994. Data are presented by types of facilities, age, sex, geographic region, and disposition for ambulatory surgery visits. Major categories of procedures and diagnoses are shown by age, sex, and region. METHODS The estimates are based on data collected from the national Survey of Ambulatory Surgery, conducted for the first time in 1994 by the national Center for Health Statistics. The 1994 data were abstracted from 118,000 medical records in 494 hospitals and freestanding ambulatory surgery centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Kozak
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Health Care Statistics, National Center for Health Statistics, USA
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Prouty SM, Lawrence L, Stenn KS. Fibroblast-dependent induction of a murine skin lesion similar to human nevus sebaceus of Jadassohn. J Transl Med 1997; 76:179-89. [PMID: 9042154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Using a nude mouse grafting model, we have demonstrated that normal-haired skin is regenerated in a graft containing hair buds and dissociated dermis. Altering the dermal component leads to changes typical of the human nevus sebaceus of Jadassohn (NSJ). The murine lesion is characterized by sebaceous gland hyperplasia, abortive hair follicles, and epidermal hyperplasia. The development of the NSJ-like lesion is independent of the epidermal component but dependent on a specific dermal fibroblast combination, namely, a hair-inductive follicular papilla fibroblast cell line plus BALB/c 3T3 fibroblasts. Non-hair-inductive follicular papilla cell lines in combination with BALB/c 3T3 fibroblasts are unable to induce the NSJ-like structure, indicating that hair-inductive signals play a central role in its pathogenesis. BALB/c 3T3 fibroblasts in combination with total cells from dissociated neonatal dermis produce abortive hair follicles, but the sebaceous gland hyperplasia is suppressed, suggesting the presence of suppressive endogenous dermal factors. The data suggest that (a) pilosebaceous induction is a multistep process and (b) the pathogenesis of NSJ involves perturbation of a complex array of inductive mesenchymal (dermal) signals. This paper describes the first animal model of NSJ and provides evidence that development of the human lesion could depend entirely on aberrant dermal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Prouty
- Skin Biology Research Center, Johnson & Johnson Consumer Products WorldWide, Skillman, New Jersey 08558 9418, USA
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Cassella JP, Lawrenson JG, Lawrence L, Firth JA. Differential distribution of an endothelial barrier antigen between the pial and cortical microvessels of the rat. Brain Res 1997; 744:335-8. [PMID: 9027393 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(96)00974-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
An endothelial barrier antigen (EBA), reported to be a marker for endothelial cells (EC) displaying blood-brain barrier (BBB) characteristics, was probed with a monoclonal antibody in pial and cortical microvessels in rat brain. In contrast to the uniform labelling of EC in cortical vessels, pial microvessels showed a heterogeneity in EBA expression. Most pial vessels consisted of a mixture of EBA positive and EBA negative cells whereas a smaller number of vessels were either completely negative or uniformly positive. Significantly, in vessels showing incomplete expression it was typically EC furthest from the brain surface that did not express EBA. Although the function of EBA is unknown, the variable expression in pial microvascular EC may be related to their incomplete barrier characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Cassella
- Department of Anatomy and Cell biology, St Mary's Hospital Medical School, Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, UK
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