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Pankratov V, Litvinov S, Kassian A, Shulhin D, Tchebotarev L, Yunusbayev B, Möls M, Sahakyan H, Yepiskoposyan L, Rootsi S, Metspalu E, Golubenko M, Ekomasova N, Akhatova F, Khusnutdinova E, Heyer E, Endicott P, Derenko M, Malyarchuk B, Metspalu M, Davydenko O, Villems R, Kushniarevich A. East Eurasian ancestry in the middle of Europe: genetic footprints of Steppe nomads in the genomes of Belarusian Lipka Tatars. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30197. [PMID: 27453128 PMCID: PMC4958967 DOI: 10.1038/srep30197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Medieval era encounters of nomadic groups of the Eurasian Steppe and largely sedentary East Europeans had a variety of demographic and cultural consequences. Amongst these outcomes was the emergence of the Lipka Tatars—a Slavic-speaking Sunni-Muslim minority residing in modern Belarus, Lithuania and Poland, whose ancestors arrived in these territories via several migration waves, mainly from the Golden Horde. Our results show that Belarusian Lipka Tatars share a substantial part of their gene pool with Europeans as indicated by their Y-chromosomal, mitochondrial and autosomal DNA variation. Nevertheless, Belarusian Lipkas still retain a strong genetic signal of their nomadic ancestry, witnessed by the presence of common Y-chromosomal and mitochondrial DNA variants as well as autosomal segments identical by descent between Lipkas and East Eurasians from temperate and northern regions. Hence, we document Lipka Tatars as a unique example of former Medieval migrants into Central Europe, who became sedentary, changed language to Slavic, yet preserved their faith and retained, both uni- and bi-parentally, a clear genetic echo of a complex population interplay throughout the Eurasian Steppe Belt, extending from Central Europe to northern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasili Pankratov
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Sergei Litvinov
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Research Centre, RAS, Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia.,Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Alexei Kassian
- Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,School for Advanced Studies in the Humanities, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dzmitry Shulhin
- Belarusian State University, Faculty of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science Department of Probability Theory and Mathematical Statistics, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Lieve Tchebotarev
- Center of analytical and genetic engineering studies, Institute of Microbiology, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
| | | | - Märt Möls
- Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Hovhannes Sahakyan
- Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia.,Laboratory of Ethnogenomics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Yerevan, 0014, Armenia
| | - Levon Yepiskoposyan
- Laboratory of Ethnogenomics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Yerevan, 0014, Armenia
| | | | - Ene Metspalu
- Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Maria Golubenko
- The Research Institute for Medical Genetics, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Natalia Ekomasova
- Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine of Bashkir State University, Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia
| | - Farida Akhatova
- Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine of Bashkir State University, Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia.,Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Elza Khusnutdinova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Research Centre, RAS, Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia.,Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine of Bashkir State University, Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia
| | - Evelyne Heyer
- Eco-Anthropologie et Ethnobiologie, UMR 7206 CNRS, MNHN, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Universités, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Musée de l'Homme, Paris, France
| | - Phillip Endicott
- Eco-Anthropologie et Ethnobiologie, UMR 7206 CNRS, MNHN, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Universités, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Musée de l'Homme, Paris, France
| | - Miroslava Derenko
- Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, Russia
| | - Boris Malyarchuk
- Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, Russia
| | | | - Oleg Davydenko
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Richard Villems
- Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Alena Kushniarevich
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus.,Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia
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