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Birocco F, Gonzalez LN, Guerrero SA, Iglesias AA, Arias DG. On the occurrence of a glutaredoxin-like small protein in the anaerobic protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023; 1867:130489. [PMID: 37827204 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Entamoeba histolytica, an intestinal parasitic protozoan that usually lives and multiplies within the human gut, is the causative agent of amoebiasis. To date, de novo glutathione biosynthesis and its associated enzymes have not been identified in the parasite. Cysteine has been proposed to be the main intracellular thiol. METHODS Using bioinformatics tools to search for glutaredoxin homologs in the E. histolytica genome database, we identified a coding sequence for a putative Grx-like small protein (EhGLSP) in the E. histolytica HM-1:IMSS genome. We produced the recombinant protein and performed its biochemical characterization. RESULTS Through in vitro experiments, we observed that recombinant EhGLSP could bind GSH and L-Cys as ligands. However, the protein exhibited very low GSH-dependent disulfide reductase activity. Interestingly, via UV-Vis spectroscopy and chemical analysis, we detected that recombinant EhGLSP (freshly purified from Escherichia coli cells by IMAC) was isolated together with a redox-labile [FeS] bio-inorganic complex, suggesting that this protein could have some function linked to the metabolism of this cofactor. Western blotting showed that EhGLSP protein levels were modulated in E. histolytica cells exposed to exogenous oxidative species and metronidazole, suggesting that this protein cooperates with the antioxidant mechanisms of this parasite. CONCLUSIONS AND GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our findings support the existence of a new metabolic actor in this pathogen. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on this protein class in E. histolytica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Birocco
- Laboratorio de Enzimología Molecular, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Lihue N Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Enzimología Molecular, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Sergio A Guerrero
- Laboratorio de Enzimología Molecular, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Alberto A Iglesias
- Laboratorio de Enzimología Molecular, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Diego G Arias
- Laboratorio de Enzimología Molecular, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Gonzalez LN, Cabeza MS, Robello C, Guerrero SA, Iglesias AA, Arias DG. Biochemical characterization of GAF domain of free-R-methionine sulfoxide reductase from Trypanosoma cruzi. Biochimie 2023; 213:190-204. [PMID: 37423556 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi is the causal agent of Chagas Disease and is a unicellular parasite that infects a wide variety of mammalian hosts. The parasite exhibits auxotrophy by L-Met; consequently, it must be acquired from the extracellular environment of the host, either mammalian or invertebrate. Methionine (Met) oxidation produces a racemic mixture (R and S forms) of methionine sulfoxide (MetSO). Reduction of L-MetSO (free or protein-bound) to L-Met is catalyzed by methionine sulfoxide reductases (MSRs). Bioinformatics analyses identified the coding sequence for a free-R-MSR (fRMSR) enzyme in the genome of T. cruzi Dm28c. Structurally, this enzyme is a modular protein with a putative N-terminal GAF domain linked to a C-terminal TIP41 motif. We performed detailed biochemical and kinetic characterization of the GAF domain of fRMSR in combination with mutant versions of specific cysteine residues, namely, Cys12, Cys98, Cys108, and Cys132. The isolated recombinant GAF domain and full-length fRMSR exhibited specific catalytic activity for the reduction of free L-Met(R)SO (non-protein bound), using tryparedoxins as reducing partners. We demonstrated that this process involves two Cys residues, Cys98 and Cys132. Cys132 is the essential catalytic residue on which a sulfenic acid intermediate is formed. Cys98 is the resolutive Cys, which forms a disulfide bond with Cys132 as a catalytic step. Overall, our results provide new insights into redox metabolism in T. cruzi, contributing to previous knowledge of L-Met metabolism in this parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihue N Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Enzimología Molecular - Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Bioquímica Básica de Macromoléculas. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas - Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Matías S Cabeza
- Laboratorio de Micología y Diagnóstico Molecular. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Parasitología y Micología. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas - Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Carlos Robello
- Laboratorio de Interacciones Hospedero Patógeno/UBM, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay; Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sergio A Guerrero
- Laboratorio de Enzimología Molecular - Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Parasitología y Micología. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas - Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Alberto A Iglesias
- Laboratorio de Enzimología Molecular - Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Bioquímica Básica de Macromoléculas. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas - Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Diego G Arias
- Laboratorio de Enzimología Molecular - Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Bioquímica Básica de Macromoléculas. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas - Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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López G, Díaz-Cárdenas C, David Alzate J, Gonzalez LN, Shapiro N, Woyke T, Kyrpides NC, Restrepo S, Baena S. Description of Alicyclobacillus montanus sp. nov., a mixotrophic bacterium isolated from acidic hot springs. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2018; 68:1608-1615. [PMID: 29557767 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.002718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Three morphologically similar thermo-acidophilic strains, USBA-GBX-501, USBA-GBX-502 and USBA-GBX-503T, were isolated from acidic thermal springs at the National Natural Park Los Nevados (Colombia). All isolates were spore-forming, Gram-stain-positive and motile, growing aerobically at 25-55 °C (optimum ~45 °C) and at pH 1.5-4.5 (optimum pH ~3.0). Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences of these isolates showed an almost identical sequence (99.0 % similarity) and they formed a robust cluster with the closest relative Alicyclobacillus tolerans DSM 16297T with a sequence similarity of 99.0 %. Average similarity to other species of the genus Alicyclobacillus was 93.0 % and average similarity to species of the genus Effusibacillus was 90 %. In addition, the level of DNA-DNA hybridization between strain USBA-GBX-503T and Alicyclobacillus tolerans DSM 16297T was 31.7 %. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain USBA-GBX-503T was 44.6 mol%. The only menaquinone was MK-7 (100.0 %). No ω-alicyclic fatty acids were detected in strain USBA-GBX-503T, and the major cellular fatty acids were C18 : 1ω7c, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0. Based on phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA relatedness values, along with low levels of identity at the whole genome level (ANIb and ANIm values of <67.0 and <91.0 %, respectively), it can be concluded that strain USBA-GBX-503T represents a novel species of the genus Alicyclobacillus, for which the name Alicyclobacillus montanus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is USBA-GBX-503T (=CMPUJ UGB U503T=CBMAI1927T).
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Affiliation(s)
- G López
- Unidad de Saneamiento y Biotecnología Ambiental (USBA), Departamento de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, POB 56710, Bogotá DC, Colombia.,Colombian Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics of Extreme Environments - GeBiX, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - C Díaz-Cárdenas
- Unidad de Saneamiento y Biotecnología Ambiental (USBA), Departamento de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, POB 56710, Bogotá DC, Colombia
| | - J David Alzate
- Biological Sciences Department, Universidad de los Andes, Cra 1 No. 18A-12, Bogotá DC, Colombia
| | - L N Gonzalez
- Biological Sciences Department, Universidad de los Andes, Cra 1 No. 18A-12, Bogotá DC, Colombia
| | - N Shapiro
- Genome Biology Program, Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, USA
| | - T Woyke
- Genome Biology Program, Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, USA
| | - N C Kyrpides
- Genome Biology Program, Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, USA
| | - S Restrepo
- Biological Sciences Department, Universidad de los Andes, Cra 1 No. 18A-12, Bogotá DC, Colombia
| | - S Baena
- Unidad de Saneamiento y Biotecnología Ambiental (USBA), Departamento de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, POB 56710, Bogotá DC, Colombia.,Colombian Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics of Extreme Environments - GeBiX, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
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