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Javed S, Qureshi TA, Gaddam S, Wachsman A, Azab L, Asadpour V, Chen W, Wu B, Xie Y, Pandol S, Li D. Abstract A037: Predicting pancreatic cancer using artificial intelligence analysis of pancreatic subregions using computed tomography images. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.panca22-a037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Study background: Early detection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) can elevate the current ~10% five-years survival rate of PDAC up to 50%. Accurate stratification of high-risk individuals for PDAC can improve early detection as follow-up screening may assist diagnosis at an early stage. Studies show that the pancreas adopts changes prior to or during the development of cancer due to the underlying biological variations. This study aimed to examine the precancerous changes that occurred within and across pancreatic subregions to help stratify individuals at high risk of developing PDAC. Dataset: In a multi-institute retrospective study, 108 contrast-enhanced CT abdominal scans were collected, consisting of 36 diagnostic scans with established PDAC and observable tumor, 36 pre-diagnostic scans of the same subjects as in the diagnostic group but were obtained up to 3 years before PDAC diagnosis and were deemed ‘normal’ by radiologists, and 36 healthy scans reported with no PDAC signs. Trained radiologists outlined 3 subregions (head, body, tail) in all scans. Also, the subregions in pre-diagnostic scans were classified into high-risk (with cancer underdevelopment) and low-risk (no cancer development) groups by exploring the tumor signs in their corresponding subregions in the diagnostic scans. Experiments and results: Radiomic analysis was performed on all 324 subregions by extracting and analyzing hundreds of morphological and textural features. In a pairwise feature analysis (i.e. between corresponding subregions), the texture of the high-risk subregions in pre-diagnostic scans was found significantly unique and statistically different than that of the low-risk subregions, supporting the study hypothesis. Such textural features are usually too minute and remain obscured when the pancreas is observed as a single structure. The analysis showed that AI can efficiently identify and quantify such predictors. A Naïve Bayes model was then trained using the same data to automatically predict PDAC using the textural features of the pancreatic subregions. In four-fold cross-validation, the model obtained prediction accuracy by correctly classifying pre-diagnostic and healthy CT scans by 88.2% on average, with sensitivity (true positive rate) and specificity (true negative rate) reaching 82.5% and 94.0%, respectively. The results of this preliminary study are promising and encouraging to further validate the model on a larger dataset. The model showed improved results over those produced in our recent study [1] in which the pancreas as a single structure was examined. The prediction based on the proposed model can potentially assist clinicians to undertake specialized screening, diagnosis, and treatment planning accordingly as the tumor structure, symptoms, and drug response for each pancreatic subregion differs a lot. 1. Qureshi et. al, Predicting pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma using artificial intelligence analysis of pre-diagnostic computed tomography images. Cancer Biomarkers, 33(2), pp.211-217, 2022.
Citation Format: Sehrish Javed, Touseef Ahmad Qureshi, Srinivas Gaddam, Ashley Wachsman, Linda Azab, Vahid Asadpour, Wansu Chen, Bechien Wu, Yibin Xie, Stephen Pandol, Debiao Li. Predicting pancreatic cancer using artificial intelligence analysis of pancreatic subregions using computed tomography images [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer; 2022 Sep 13-16; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(22 Suppl):Abstract nr A037.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Linda Azab
- 1Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA,
| | - Vahid Asadpour
- 2Southern California Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Wansu Chen
- 2Southern California Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Bechien Wu
- 2Southern California Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Yibin Xie
- 1Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA,
| | | | - Debiao Li
- 1Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA,
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Javed S, Qureshi TA, Gaddam S, Wang L, Azab L, Wachsman AM, Chen W, Asadpour V, Jeon CY, Wu B, Xie Y, Pandol SJ, Li D. Risk prediction of pancreatic cancer using AI analysis of pancreatic subregions in computed tomography images. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1007990. [PMID: 36439445 PMCID: PMC9682250 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1007990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Early detection of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is complicated as PDAC remains asymptomatic until cancer advances to late stages when treatment is mostly ineffective. Stratifying the risk of developing PDAC can improve early detection as subsequent screening of high-risk individuals through specialized surveillance systems reduces the chance of misdiagnosis at the initial stage of cancer. Risk stratification is however challenging as PDAC lacks specific predictive biomarkers. Studies reported that the pancreas undergoes local morphological changes in response to underlying biological evolution associated with PDAC development. Accurate identification of these changes can help stratify the risk of PDAC. In this retrospective study, an extensive radiomic analysis of the precancerous pancreatic subregions was performed using abdominal Computed Tomography (CT) scans. The analysis was performed using 324 pancreatic subregions identified in 108 contrast-enhanced abdominal CT scans with equal proportion from healthy control, pre-diagnostic, and diagnostic groups. In a pairwise feature analysis, several textural features were found potentially predictive of PDAC. A machine learning classifier was then trained to perform risk prediction of PDAC by automatically classifying the CT scans into healthy control (low-risk) and pre-diagnostic (high-risk) classes and specifying the subregion(s) likely to develop a tumor. The proposed model was trained on CT scans from multiple phases. Whereas using 42 CT scans from the venous phase, model validation was performed which resulted in ~89.3% classification accuracy on average, with sensitivity and specificity reaching 86% and 93%, respectively, for predicting the development of PDAC (i.e., high-risk). To our knowledge, this is the first model that unveiled microlevel precancerous changes across pancreatic subregions and quantified the risk of developing PDAC. The model demonstrated improved prediction by 3.3% in comparison to the state-of-the-art method that considers the global (whole pancreas) features for PDAC prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehrish Javed
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Touseef Ahmad Qureshi
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Srinivas Gaddam
- Gastroenterology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lixia Wang
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Linda Azab
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ashley Max Wachsman
- Department of Radiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Wansu Chen
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Southern California Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Vahid Asadpour
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Southern California Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Christie Younghae Jeon
- Division of Hematology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Division of Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Beichien Wu
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Southern California Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yibin Xie
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | | | - Debiao Li
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Qureshi TA, Lynch C, Azab L, Xie Y, Gaddam S, Pandol SJ, Li D. Morphology-guided deep learning framework for segmentation of pancreas in computed tomography images. J Med Imaging (Bellingham) 2022; 9:024002. [PMID: 35392247 PMCID: PMC8978260 DOI: 10.1117/1.jmi.9.2.024002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Accurate segmentation of the pancreas using abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans is a prerequisite for a computer-aided diagnosis system to detect pathologies and perform quantitative assessment of pancreatic disorders. Manual outlining of the pancreas is tedious, time-consuming, and prone to subjective errors, and thus clearly not a viable solution for large datasets. Approach: We introduce a multiphase morphology-guided deep learning framework for efficient three-dimensional segmentation of the pancreas in CT images. The methodology works by localizing the pancreas using a modified visual geometry group-19 architecture, which is a 19-layer convolutional neural network model that helped reduce the region of interest for more efficient computation and removed most of the peripheral structures from consideration during the segmentation process. Subsequently, soft labels for segmentation of the pancreas in the localized region were generated using the U-net model. Finally, the model integrates the morphology prior of the pancreas to update soft labels and perform segmentation. The morphology prior is a single three-dimensional matrix, defined over the general shape and size of the pancreases from multiple CT abdominal images, that helps improve segmentation of the pancreas. Results: The system was trained and tested on the National Institutes of Health dataset (82 CT scans of the healthy pancreas). In fourfold cross-validation, the system produced an average Dice-SØrensen coefficient of 88.53% and outperformed state-of-the-art techniques. Conclusions: Localizing the pancreas assists in reducing segmentation errors and eliminating peripheral structures from consideration. Additionally, the morphology-guided model efficiently improves the overall segmentation of the pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Touseef Ahmad Qureshi
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Cody Lynch
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Linda Azab
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yibin Xie
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Srinavas Gaddam
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Debiao Li
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
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Qureshi TA, Gaddam S, Wachsman AM, Wang L, Azab L, Asadpour V, Chen W, Xie Y, Wu B, Pandol SJ, Li D. Predicting pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma using artificial intelligence analysis of pre-diagnostic computed tomography images. Cancer Biomark 2022; 33:211-217. [PMID: 35213359 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-210273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early stage diagnosis of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is challenging due to the lack of specific diagnostic biomarkers. However, stratifying individuals at high risk of PDAC, followed by monitoring their health conditions on regular basis, has the potential to allow diagnosis at early stages. OBJECTIVE To stratify high risk individuals for PDAC by identifying predictive features in pre-diagnostic abdominal Computed Tomography (CT) scans. METHODS A set of CT features, potentially predictive of PDAC, was identified in the analysis of 4000 raw radiomic parameters extracted from pancreases in pre-diagnostic scans. The naïve Bayes classifier was then developed for automatic classification of CT scans of the pancreas with high risk for PDAC. A set of 108 retrospective CT scans (36 scans from each healthy control, pre-diagnostic, and diagnostic group) from 72 subjects was used for the study. Model development was performed on 66 multiphase CT scans, whereas external validation was performed on 42 venous-phase CT scans. RESULTS The system achieved an average classification accuracy of 86% on the external dataset. CONCLUSIONS Radiomic analysis of abdominal CT scans can unveil, quantify, and interpret micro-level changes in the pre-diagnostic pancreas and can efficiently assist in the stratification of high risk individuals for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Touseef Ahmad Qureshi
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Srinivas Gaddam
- Gastroenterology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Lixia Wang
- Department of Radiology, Chaoyang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Linda Azab
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vahid Asadpour
- Southern California Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wansu Chen
- Southern California Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yibin Xie
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bechien Wu
- Southern California Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Debiao Li
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Li X, Huang S, Han P, Zhou Z, Azab L, Lu M, Li J, An J, Cao Y, Jin Z, Li D, Wang Y. Nonenhanced Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients With Amyloid Light-Chain Amyloidosis. J Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 55:567-576. [PMID: 34327763 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) is an emerging metabolic MRI technique to map creatine distribution in the myocardium. PURPOSE To investigate the feasibility of using a contrast-free CEST technique to evaluate cardiac involvement in amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis. STUDY TYPE Prospective. POPULATION Forty patients with biopsy-proven AL amyloidosis (age 57.6 ± 9.1 years, 31 males) and 20 healthy controls (age 42.8 ± 13.8 years, 13 males). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE A 3.0 T, CEST imaging using a single-shot FLASH sequence, T1 mapping with a modified Look-Locker inversion recovery sequence and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging with a phase-sensitive inversion recovery gradient echo sequence. ASSESSMENT The average CEST was calculated in the basal short-axis slice of the entire left ventricle and septum. LGE was assessed subjectively (none/patchy/global) and extracellular volume (ECV), CEST and T1 maps generated. STATISTICAL TESTS Comparison between patient groups and healthy controls was performed by one-way analysis of variance with post hoc Bonferroni correction. Correlation was assessed using the Pearson's r correlation or Spearman ρ correlation. Statistical significance was defined as P < 0.05. RESULTS Global (0.09 ± 0.03 vs. 0.11 ± 0.02) and septal (0.09 ± 0.03 vs. 0.11 ± 0.03) basal short-axis CEST was significantly decreased in patients with AL amyloidosis compared to the controls. Global CEST correlated significantly with Mayo stage (ρ = -0.508), NYHA Class (ρ = -0.430), LVEF (r = 0.511), mass index (r = -0.373), LGE (ρ = -0.537), ECV (r = -0.544), and T2 (r = -0.396). Septal CEST correlated significantly with LVEF (r = 0.395), LGE (ρ = -0.330), and ECV (r = -0.391). DATA CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the potential of CEST MRI to identify cardiac involvement and evaluate disease burden and to give insight into cellular changes intermediary between function and structure in AL amyloidosis patients. EVIDENCE LEVEL 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Department of Radiology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Sisi Huang
- Department of Radiology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Pei Han
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA.,Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, 90048, USA
| | - Zhengwei Zhou
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, 90048, USA
| | - Linda Azab
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, 90048, USA
| | - Meng Lu
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, 90048, USA
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jing An
- Siemens Shenzhen Magnetic Resonance Ltd., Siemens MRI Center, Hi-Tech Industrial Park, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Yihan Cao
- Department of Radiology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zhengyu Jin
- Department of Radiology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Debiao Li
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, 90048, USA
| | - Yining Wang
- Department of Radiology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
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