1
|
Ingenbleek L, Verger P, Gimou MM, Adegboye A, Adebayo SB, Hossou SE, Koné AZ, Jazet E, Dzossa AD, Ogungbangbe J, Dansou S, Diallo ZJ, Jitaru P, Guérin T, Lopes-Pereira L, Hu R, Sulyok M, Krska R, Marchand P, Le Bizec B, Eyangoh S, Kamanzi J, Ouattara B, Merten C, Lipp M, Clarke R, Leblanc JC. Human dietary exposure to chemicals in sub-Saharan Africa: safety assessment through a total diet study. Lancet Planet Health 2020; 4:e292-e300. [PMID: 32681900 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(20)30104-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human dietary exposure to chemicals can result in a wide range of adverse health effects. Some substances might cause non-communicable diseases, including cancer and coronary heart diseases, and could be nephrotoxic. Food is the main human exposure route for many chemicals. We aimed to assess human dietary exposure to a wide range of food chemicals. METHODS We did a total diet study in Benin, Cameroon, Mali, and Nigeria. We assessed 4020 representative samples of foods, prepared as consumed, which covered more than 90% of the diet of 7291 households from eight study centres. By combining representative dietary surveys of countries with findings for concentrations of 872 chemicals in foods, we characterised human dietary exposure. FINDINGS Exposure to lead could result in increases in adult blood pressure up to 2·0 mm Hg, whereas children might lose 8·8-13·3 IQ points (95th percentile in Kano, Nigeria). Morbidity factors caused by coexposure to aflatoxin B1 and hepatitis B virus, and sterigmatocystin and fumonisins, suggest several thousands of additional liver cancer cases per year, and a substantial contribution to the burden of chronic malnutrition in childhood. Exposure to 13 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from consumption of smoked fish and edible oils exceeded levels associated with possible carcinogenicity and genotoxicity health concerns in all study centres. Exposure to aluminium, ochratoxin A, and citrinin indicated a public health concern about nephropathies. From 470 pesticides tested across the four countries, only high concentrations of chlorpyrifos in smoked fish (unauthorised practice identified in Mali) could pose a human health risk. INTERPRETATION Risks characterised by this total diet study underscore specific priorities in terms of food safety management in sub-Saharan Africa. Similar investigations specifically targeting children are crucially needed. FUNDING Standards and Trade Development Facility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luc Ingenbleek
- Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Yaounde, Cameroon; Laboratoire d'Étude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments, Oniris, French National Institute for Agricultural Research, Nantes, France
| | | | | | - Abimbola Adegboye
- National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Samson B Adebayo
- National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Eric Jazet
- National Institute for Statistics, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Sylvestre Dansou
- Institut National de la Statistique et de l'Analyse Economique, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Zima J Diallo
- Institut National de la Statistique et de l'Analyse Economique, Bamako, Mali
| | - Petru Jitaru
- Agence Nationale Pour la Sécurité Sanitaire de l'Alimentation de l'Environnement et du Travail, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Thierry Guérin
- Agence Nationale Pour la Sécurité Sanitaire de l'Alimentation de l'Environnement et du Travail, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | - Renwei Hu
- Inovalys, Official Laboratory of Analysis, Le Mans, France
| | - Michael Sulyok
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Tulln, Austria
| | - Rudolf Krska
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Tulln, Austria; Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Philippe Marchand
- Laboratoire d'Étude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments, Oniris, French National Institute for Agricultural Research, Nantes, France
| | - Bruno Le Bizec
- Laboratoire d'Étude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments, Oniris, French National Institute for Agricultural Research, Nantes, France
| | | | - Jean Kamanzi
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Accra, Ghana
| | - Blaise Ouattara
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Accra, Ghana
| | - Caroline Merten
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Markus Lipp
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Renata Clarke
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|