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Chedik L, Baybekov S, Marcou G, Cosnier F, Mourot-Bousquenaud M, Jacquenet S, Varnek A, Battais F. Benchmarking of BMDC assay and related QSAR study for identifying sensitizing chemicals. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 149:105623. [PMID: 38631606 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2024.105623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The Bone-Marrow derived Dendritic Cell (BMDC) test is a promising assay for identifying sensitizing chemicals based on the 3Rs (Replace, Reduce, Refine) principle. This study expanded the BMDC benchmarking to various in vitro, in chemico, and in silico assays targeting different key events (KE) in the skin sensitization pathway, using common substances datasets. Additionally, a Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) model was developed to predict the BMDC test outcomes for sensitizing or non-sensitizing chemicals. The modeling workflow involved ISIDA (In Silico Design and Data Analysis) molecular fragment descriptors and the SVM (Support Vector Machine) machine-learning method. The BMDC model's performance was at least comparable to that of all ECVAM-validated models regardless of the KE considered. Compared with other tests targeting KE3, related to dendritic cell activation, BMDC assay was shown to have higher balanced accuracy and sensitivity concerning both the Local Lymph Node Assay (LLNA) and human labels, providing additional evidence for its reliability. The consensus QSAR model exhibits promising results, correlating well with observed sensitization potential. Integrated into a publicly available web service, the BMDC-based QSAR model may serve as a cost-effective and rapid alternative to lab experiments, providing preliminary screening for sensitization potential, compound prioritization, optimization and risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Chedik
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité Pour la Prévention des Accidents du Travail et des Maladies Professionnelles (INRS), Dept Toxicologie et Biométrologie, 1 Rue du Morvan, 54519, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Shamkhal Baybekov
- Laboratory of Chemoinformatics, UMR 7140 CNRS, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Gilles Marcou
- Laboratory of Chemoinformatics, UMR 7140 CNRS, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Frédéric Cosnier
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité Pour la Prévention des Accidents du Travail et des Maladies Professionnelles (INRS), Dept Toxicologie et Biométrologie, 1 Rue du Morvan, 54519, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Mélanie Mourot-Bousquenaud
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité Pour la Prévention des Accidents du Travail et des Maladies Professionnelles (INRS), Dept Toxicologie et Biométrologie, 1 Rue du Morvan, 54519, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Sandrine Jacquenet
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité Pour la Prévention des Accidents du Travail et des Maladies Professionnelles (INRS), Dept Toxicologie et Biométrologie, 1 Rue du Morvan, 54519, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Alexandre Varnek
- Laboratory of Chemoinformatics, UMR 7140 CNRS, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Fabrice Battais
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité Pour la Prévention des Accidents du Travail et des Maladies Professionnelles (INRS), Dept Toxicologie et Biométrologie, 1 Rue du Morvan, 54519, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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Chedik L, Baybekov S, Cosnier F, Marcou G, Varnek A, Champmartin C. An update of skin permeability data based on a systematic review of recent research. Sci Data 2024; 11:224. [PMID: 38383523 PMCID: PMC10881585 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03026-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The cutaneous absorption parameters of xenobiotics are crucial for the development of drugs and cosmetics, as well as for assessing environmental and occupational chemical risks. Despite the great variability in the design of experimental conditions due to uncertain international guidelines, datasets like HuskinDB have been created to report skin absorption endpoints. This review updates available skin permeability data by rigorously compiling research published between 2012 and 2021. Inclusion and exclusion criteria have been selected to build the most harmonized and reusable dataset possible. The Generative Topographic Mapping method was applied to the present dataset and compared to HuskinDB to monitor the progress in skin permeability research and locate chemotypes of particular concern. The open-source dataset (SkinPiX) includes steady-state flux, maximum flux, lag time and permeability coefficient results for the substances tested, as well as relevant information on experimental parameters that can impact the data. It can be used to extract subsets of data for comparisons and to build predictive models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Chedik
- Institut national de recherche et de sécurité pour la prévention des accidents du travail et des maladies professionnelles (INRS), Dept Toxicologie et Biométrologie, 1 rue du Morvan, 54519, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Shamkhal Baybekov
- Laboratoire de Chémoinformatique UMR 7140 CNRS, Institut Le Bel, University of Strasbourg, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67081, Strasbourg, France
| | - Frédéric Cosnier
- Institut national de recherche et de sécurité pour la prévention des accidents du travail et des maladies professionnelles (INRS), Dept Toxicologie et Biométrologie, 1 rue du Morvan, 54519, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Gilles Marcou
- Laboratoire de Chémoinformatique UMR 7140 CNRS, Institut Le Bel, University of Strasbourg, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67081, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alexandre Varnek
- Laboratoire de Chémoinformatique UMR 7140 CNRS, Institut Le Bel, University of Strasbourg, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67081, Strasbourg, France
| | - Catherine Champmartin
- Institut national de recherche et de sécurité pour la prévention des accidents du travail et des maladies professionnelles (INRS), Dept Toxicologie et Biométrologie, 1 rue du Morvan, 54519, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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Chedik L, Mias-Lucquin D, Fardel O, Delalande O, Bruyere A. Interactions of organophosphorus pesticides with ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) drug transporters. Xenobiotica 2022; 52:644-652. [PMID: 36149323 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2022.2128467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Although pharmaceutical companies have to study drug transporter interaction, environmental contaminant interactions with these transporters are not well characterized. In this study, we demonstrated using in vitro transfected cell line that some organophosphorus pesticides are able to interact with drug efflux transporters like P-glycoprotein, BCRP and MRPs.According to our results, dibrom was found to inhibit only Hoechst binding site of P-gp with an IC50 closed to 77 µM, phosmet inhibited BCRP efflux with an IC50 of 42 µM and only profenofos was able to inhibit BCRP, MRPs and two P-gp binding sites. As profenofos appeared to be a potent ABC transporter inhibitor, we studied its potential substrate property towards P-gp.Using a docking approach, we developed an in silico tool to study pesticide properties to be a probe or inhibitor of P-gp transporter. From both in silico and in vitro results, profenofos was not considered as a P-gp substrate.Combining both in vitro and docking methods appears to be an attractive approach to select pesticides that would not pass into the blood systemic circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Chedik
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Dominique Mias-Lucquin
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6290, Université de Rennes1, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Fardel
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France.,Pôle Biologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 2 rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Delalande
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6290, Université de Rennes1, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Arnaud Bruyere
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
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Champmartin C, Chedik L, Marquet F, Cosnier F. Occupational exposure assessment with solid substances: choosing a vehicle for in vitro percutaneous absorption experiments. Crit Rev Toxicol 2022; 52:294-316. [PMID: 36125048 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2022.2097052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Percutaneous occupational exposure to industrial toxicants can be assessed in vitro on excised human or animal skins. Numerous factors can significantly influence skin permeation of chemicals and the flux determination. Among them, the vehicle used to solubilize the solid substances is a tricky key step. A "realistic surrogate" that closely matches the exposure scenario is recommended in first intention. When direct transposition of occupational exposure conditions to in vitro experiments is impossible, it is recommended that the vehicle used does not affect the skin barrier (in particular in terms of structural integrity, composition, or enzymatic activity). Indeed, any such effect could alter the percutaneous absorption of substances in a number of ways, as we will see. Potential effects are described for five monophasic vehicles, including the three most frequently used: water, ethanol, acetone; and two that are more rarely used, but are realistic: artificial sebum and artificial sweat. Finally, we discuss a number of criteria to be verified and the associated tests that should be performed when choosing the most appropriate vehicle, keeping in mind that, in the context of occupational exposure, the scientific quality of the percutaneous absorption data provided, and how they are interpreted, may have long-range consequences. From the narrative review presented, we also identify and discuss important factors to consider in future updates of the OECD guidelines for in vitro skin absorption experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Champmartin
- French National Research and Safety Institute for the Prevention of Occupational Accidents and Diseases (INRS), Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Lisa Chedik
- French National Research and Safety Institute for the Prevention of Occupational Accidents and Diseases (INRS), Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Fabrice Marquet
- French National Research and Safety Institute for the Prevention of Occupational Accidents and Diseases (INRS), Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Frédéric Cosnier
- French National Research and Safety Institute for the Prevention of Occupational Accidents and Diseases (INRS), Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy Cedex, France
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Hopf NB, Champmartin C, Schenk L, Berthet A, Chedik L, Du Plessis JL, Franken A, Frasch F, Gaskin S, Johanson G, Julander A, Kasting G, Kilo S, Larese Filon F, Marquet F, Midander K, Reale E, Bunge AL. Reflections on the OECD guidelines for in vitro skin absorption studies. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 117:104752. [PMID: 32791089 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2020.104752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
At the 8th conference of Occupational and Environmental Exposure of the Skin to Chemicals (OEESC) (16-18 September 2019) in Dublin, Ireland, several researchers performing skin permeation assays convened to discuss in vitro skin permeability experiments. We, along with other colleagues, all of us hands-on skin permeation researchers, present here the results from our discussions on the available OECD guidelines. The discussions were especially focused on three OECD skin absorption documents, including a recent revision of one: i) OECD Guidance Document 28 (GD28) for the conduct of skin absorption studies (OECD, 2004), ii) Test Guideline 428 (TGD428) for measuring skin absorption of chemical in vitro (OECD, 2004), and iii) OECD Guidance Notes 156 (GN156) on dermal absorption issued in 2011 (OECD, 2011). GN156 (OECD, 2019) is currently under review but not finalized. A mutual concern was that these guidance documents do not comprehensively address methodological issues or the performance of the test, which might be partially due to the years needed to finalize and update OECD documents with new skin research evidence. Here, we summarize the numerous factors that can influence skin permeation and its measurement, and where guidance on several of these are omitted and often not discussed in published articles. We propose several improvements of these guidelines, which would contribute in harmonizing future in vitro skin permeation experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- N B Hopf
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisante), Department for Occupational and Environmental Health (DSTE), Exposure Science Unit, Switzerland.
| | - C Champmartin
- French National Research and Safety Institute for the Prevention of Occupational Accidents and Diseases (INRS), France.
| | - L Schenk
- Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Integrative Toxicology, Sweden.
| | - A Berthet
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisante), Department for Occupational and Environmental Health (DSTE), Exposure Science Unit, Switzerland.
| | - L Chedik
- French National Research and Safety Institute for the Prevention of Occupational Accidents and Diseases (INRS), France.
| | - J L Du Plessis
- Occupational Hygiene and Health Research Initiative (OHHRI) North-West University, South Africa.
| | - A Franken
- Occupational Hygiene and Health Research Initiative (OHHRI) North-West University, South Africa.
| | - F Frasch
- Occupational Hygiene and Health Research Initiative (OHHRI) North-West University, South Africa.
| | - S Gaskin
- University of Adelaide, School of Public Health, Health and Medical Sciences, Australia.
| | - G Johanson
- Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Integrative Toxicology, Sweden.
| | - A Julander
- Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Integrative Toxicology, Sweden.
| | - G Kasting
- University of Cincinnati, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, USA.
| | - S Kilo
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Germany.
| | - F Larese Filon
- University of Trieste, Clinical Unit of Occupational Medicine, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Italy.
| | - F Marquet
- French National Research and Safety Institute for the Prevention of Occupational Accidents and Diseases (INRS), France.
| | - K Midander
- Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Integrative Toxicology, Sweden.
| | - E Reale
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisante), Department for Occupational and Environmental Health (DSTE), Exposure Science Unit, Switzerland.
| | - A L Bunge
- Colorado School of Mines, Chemical and Biological Engineering, USA.
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Champmartin C, Marquet F, Chedik L, Décret MJ, Aubertin M, Ferrari E, Grandclaude MC, Cosnier F. Human in vitro percutaneous absorption of bisphenol S and bisphenol A: A comparative study. Chemosphere 2020; 252:126525. [PMID: 32220717 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is widely used in industrial products. Due to the toxicity of this compound, and to comply with restrictions and regulations, manufacturers have progressively replaced it by substitutes. One of the main substitutes used is bisphenol S (BPS). Despite increasing use in many products, the effects of BPS on human health have been little investigated, and studies on percutaneous BPS absorption and particularly toxicokinetic data are lacking. However, the endocrine-disrupting activity of BPA and BPS appears comparable. Dermal contact is a significant source of occupational exposure and is the main route during handling of bisphenol-containing receipts by cashiers. Here, percutaneous BPS absorption was investigated and compared to that of BPA. Experiments were performed according to OECD guidelines. Test compounds dissolved in a vehicle - acetone, artificial sebum or water - were applied in vitro to fresh human skin samples in static Franz diffusion cells. Flux, cumulative absorbed dose and distribution of dose recovered were measured. BPA absorption was vehicle-dependent ranging from 3% with sebum to 41% with water. BPS absorption was much lower than BPA absorption whatever the vehicle tested (less than 1% of applied dose). However, depending on the vehicle 20% to 47% of the applied BPS dose remained in the skin, and was consequently potentially absorbable. Both BPA and BPS were mainly absorbed without biotransformation. Taken together, these results indicate that workers may be exposed to BPS through skin when handling products containing it. This exposure is of concern as its toxicity is currently incompletely understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Champmartin
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, Rue du Morvan, CS 60027, 54519, Vandœuvre, Cedex, France.
| | - Fabrice Marquet
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, Rue du Morvan, CS 60027, 54519, Vandœuvre, Cedex, France.
| | - Lisa Chedik
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, Rue du Morvan, CS 60027, 54519, Vandœuvre, Cedex, France.
| | - Marie-Josèphe Décret
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, Rue du Morvan, CS 60027, 54519, Vandœuvre, Cedex, France.
| | - Matthieu Aubertin
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, Rue du Morvan, CS 60027, 54519, Vandœuvre, Cedex, France.
| | - Elisabeth Ferrari
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, Rue du Morvan, CS 60027, 54519, Vandœuvre, Cedex, France.
| | | | - Frédéric Cosnier
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, Rue du Morvan, CS 60027, 54519, Vandœuvre, Cedex, France.
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Chedik L, Bruyere A, Bacle A, Potin S, Le Vée M, Fardel O. Interactions of pesticides with membrane drug transporters: implications for toxicokinetics and toxicity. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2018; 14:739-752. [DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2018.1487398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Chedik
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Arnaud Bruyere
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Astrid Bacle
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
- Pôle Pharmacie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Rennes, France
| | - Sophie Potin
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
- Pôle Pharmacie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Rennes, France
| | - Marc Le Vée
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Fardel
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
- Pôle Biologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Rennes, France
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Abstract
1. Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are known to interact with human ATP-binding cassette drug efflux pumps. The present study was designed to determine whether they can also target activities of human solute carrier (SLC) drug transporters. 2. The interactions of 13 OPs with SLC transporters involved in drug disposition, such as organic cation transporters (OCTs), multidrug and toxin extrusion proteins (MATEs), organic anion transporters (OATs) and organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs), were mainly investigated using transporter-overexpressing cell clones and fluorescent or radiolabeled reference substrates. 3. With a cut-off value of at least 50% modulation of transporter activity by 100 µM OPs, OAT1 and MATE2-K were not impacted, whereas OATP1B1 and MATE1 were inhibited by two and three OPs, respectively. OAT3 activity was similarly blocked by three OPs, and was additionally stimulated by one OP. Five OPs cis-stimulated OATP2B1 activity. Both OCT1 and OCT2 were inhibited by the same eight OPs, including fenamiphos and phosmet, with IC50 values however in the 3-30 µM range, likely not relevant to environmental exposure. 4. These data demonstrated that various OPs inhibit SLC drug transporter activities, especially those of OCT1 and OCT2, but only when used at high concentrations not expected to occur in environmentally-exposed humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Chedik
- a Institut de Recherches en Santé, Environnement et Travail (IRSET) , UMR INSERM U1085, Université de Rennes 1 , Rennes , France
| | - Arnaud Bruyere
- a Institut de Recherches en Santé, Environnement et Travail (IRSET) , UMR INSERM U1085, Université de Rennes 1 , Rennes , France
| | - Olivier Fardel
- a Institut de Recherches en Santé, Environnement et Travail (IRSET) , UMR INSERM U1085, Université de Rennes 1 , Rennes , France.,b Pôle Biologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire , Rennes , France
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Chedik L, Bruyere A, Le Vee M, Stieger B, Denizot C, Parmentier Y, Potin S, Fardel O. Inhibition of Human Drug Transporter Activities by the Pyrethroid Pesticides Allethrin and Tetramethrin. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169480. [PMID: 28099443 PMCID: PMC5242521 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrethroids are widely-used chemical insecticides, to which humans are commonly exposed, and known to alter functional expression of drug metabolizing enzymes. Limited data have additionally suggested that drug transporters, that constitute key-actors of the drug detoxification system, may also be targeted by pyrethroids. The present study was therefore designed to analyze the potential regulatory effects of these pesticides towards activities of main ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and solute carrier (SLC) drug transporters, using transporter-overexpressing cells. The pyrethroids allethrin and tetramethrin were found to inhibit various ABC and SLC drug transporters, including multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) 2, breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), organic anion transporter polypeptide (OATP) 1B1, organic anion transporter (OAT) 3, multidrug and toxin extrusion transporter (MATE) 1, organic cation transporter (OCT) 1 and OCT2, with IC50 values however ranging from 2.6 μM (OCT1 inhibition by allethrin) to 77.6 μM (OAT3 inhibition by tetramethrin) and thus much higher than pyrethroid concentrations (in the nM range) reached in environmentally pyrethroid-exposed humans. By contrast, allethrin and tetramethrin cis-stimulated OATP2B1 activity and failed to alter activities of OATP1B3, OAT1 and MATE2-K, whereas P-glycoprotein activity was additionally moderately inhibited. Twelve other pyrethoids used at 100 μM did not block activities of the various investigated transporters, or only moderately inhibited some of them (inhibition by less than 50%). In silico analysis of structure-activity relationships next revealed that molecular parameters, including molecular weight and lipophilicity, are associated with transporter inhibition by allethrin/tetramethrin and successfully predicted transporter inhibition by the pyrethroids imiprothrin and prallethrin. Taken together, these data fully demonstrated that two pyrethoids, i.e., allethrin and tetramethrin, can act as regulators of the activity of various ABC and SLC drug transporters, but only when used at high and non-relevant concentrations, making unlikely any contribution of these transporter activity alterations to pyrethroid toxicity in environmentally exposed humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Chedik
- Institut de Recherches en Santé, Environnement et Travail (IRSET), UMR INSERM U1085, Faculté de Pharmacie, 2 Avenue du Pr Léon Bernard, Rennes, France
- Pôle Pharmacie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 2 rue Henri Le Guilloux, Rennes, France
| | - Arnaud Bruyere
- Institut de Recherches en Santé, Environnement et Travail (IRSET), UMR INSERM U1085, Faculté de Pharmacie, 2 Avenue du Pr Léon Bernard, Rennes, France
| | - Marc Le Vee
- Institut de Recherches en Santé, Environnement et Travail (IRSET), UMR INSERM U1085, Faculté de Pharmacie, 2 Avenue du Pr Léon Bernard, Rennes, France
| | - Bruno Stieger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claire Denizot
- Centre de Pharmacocinétique, Technologie Servier, 25–27 rue Eugène Vignat, Orléans, France
| | - Yannick Parmentier
- Centre de Pharmacocinétique, Technologie Servier, 25–27 rue Eugène Vignat, Orléans, France
| | - Sophie Potin
- Institut de Recherches en Santé, Environnement et Travail (IRSET), UMR INSERM U1085, Faculté de Pharmacie, 2 Avenue du Pr Léon Bernard, Rennes, France
- Pôle Pharmacie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 2 rue Henri Le Guilloux, Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Fardel
- Institut de Recherches en Santé, Environnement et Travail (IRSET), UMR INSERM U1085, Faculté de Pharmacie, 2 Avenue du Pr Léon Bernard, Rennes, France
- Pôle Biologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 2 rue Henri Le Guilloux, Rennes, France
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