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Chandnani R, Wang B, Draye X, Rainville LK, Auckland S, Zhuang Z, Lubbers EL, May OL, Chee PW, Paterson AH. Segregation distortion and genome-wide digenic interactions affect transmission of introgressed chromatin from wild cotton species. Theor Appl Genet 2017; 130:2219-2230. [PMID: 28801756 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-017-2952-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study reports transmission genetics of chromosomal segments into Gossypium hirsutum from its most distant euploid relative, Gossypium mustelinum . Mutilocus interactions and structural rearrangements affect introgression and segregation of donor chromatin. Wild allotetraploid relatives of cotton are a rich source of genetic diversity that can be used in genetic improvement, but linkage drag and non-Mendelian transmission genetics are prevalent in interspecific crosses. These problems necessitate knowledge of transmission patterns of chromatin from wild donor species in cultivated recipient species. From an interspecific cross, Gossypium hirsutum × Gossypium mustelinum, we studied G. mustelinum (the most distant tetraploid relative of Upland cotton) allele retention in 35 BC3F1 plants and segregation patterns in BC3F2 populations totaling 3202 individuals, using 216 DNA marker loci. The average retention of donor alleles across BC3F1 plants was higher than expected and the average frequency of G. mustelinum alleles in BC3F2 segregating families was less than expected. Despite surprisingly high retention of G. mustelinum alleles in BC3F1, 46 genomic regions showed no introgression. Regions on chromosomes 3 and 15 lacking introgression were closely associated with possible small inversions previously reported. Nonlinear two-locus interactions are abundant among loci with single-locus segregation distortion, and among loci originating from one of the two subgenomes. Comparison of the present results with those of prior studies indicates different permeability of Upland cotton for donor chromatin from different allotetraploid relatives. Different contributions of subgenomes to two-locus interactions suggest different fates of subgenomes in the evolution of allotetraploid cottons. Transmission genetics of G. hirsutum × G. mustelinum crosses reveals allelic interactions, constraints on fixation and selection of donor alleles, and challenges with retention of introgressed chromatin for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Chandnani
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, 111 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - Baohua Wang
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, 111 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
- NESPAL Molecular Cotton Breeding Laboratory, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, 31793, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xavier Draye
- Unité d'écophysiologie et amélioration végétale, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1-10, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Lisa K Rainville
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, 111 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - Susan Auckland
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, 111 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - Zhimin Zhuang
- NESPAL Molecular Cotton Breeding Laboratory, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, 31793, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Edward L Lubbers
- NESPAL Molecular Cotton Breeding Laboratory, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, 31793, USA
| | - O Lloyd May
- NESPAL Molecular Cotton Breeding Laboratory, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, 31793, USA
- Monsanto Cotton Breeding, Tifton, GA, 31793, USA
| | - Peng W Chee
- NESPAL Molecular Cotton Breeding Laboratory, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, 31793, USA
| | - Andrew H Paterson
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, 111 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30605, USA.
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Khanal S, Kim C, Auckland SA, Rainville LK, Adhikari J, Schwartz BM, Paterson AH. SSR-enriched genetic linkage maps of bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon × transvaalensis), and their comparison with allied plant genomes. Theor Appl Genet 2017; 130:819-839. [PMID: 28168408 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-017-2854-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We report SSR-enriched genetic maps of bermudagrass that: (1) reveal partial residual polysomic inheritance in the tetraploid species, and (2) provide insights into the evolution of chloridoid genomes. This study describes genetic linkage maps of two bermudagrass species, Cynodon dactylon (T89) and Cynodon transvaalensis (T574), that integrate heterologous microsatellite markers from sugarcane into frameworks built with single-dose restriction fragments (SDRFs). A maximum likelihood approach was used to construct two separate parental maps from a population of 110 F1 progeny of a cross between the two parents. The T89 map is based on 291 loci on 34 cosegregating groups (CGs), with an average marker spacing of 12.5 cM. The T574 map is based on 125 loci on 14 CGs, with an average marker spacing of 10.7 cM. Six T89 and one T574 CG(s) deviated from disomic inheritance. Furthermore, marker segregation data and linkage phase analysis revealed partial residual polysomic inheritance in T89, suggesting that common bermudagrass is undergoing diploidization following whole genome duplication (WGD). Twenty-six T89 CGs were coalesced into 9 homo(eo)logous linkage groups (LGs), while 12 T574 CGs were assembled into 9 LGs, both putatively representing the basic chromosome complement (x = 9) of the species. Eight T89 and two T574 CGs remain unassigned. The marker composition of bermudagrass ancestral chromosomes was inferred by aligning T89 and T574 homologs, and used in comparisons to sorghum and rice genome sequences based on 108 and 91 significant blast hits, respectively. Two nested chromosome fusions (NCFs) shared by two other chloridoids (i.e., zoysiagrass and finger millet) and at least three independent translocation events were evident during chromosome number reduction from 14 in the polyploid common ancestor of Poaceae to 9 in Cynodon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Khanal
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Changsoo Kim
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Susan A Auckland
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Lisa K Rainville
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Jeevan Adhikari
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Brian M Schwartz
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, 31793, USA
| | - Andrew H Paterson
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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Ratnaparkhe MB, Lee TH, Tan X, Wang X, Li J, Kim C, Rainville LK, Lemke C, Compton RO, Robertson J, Gallo M, Bertioli DJ, Paterson AH. Comparative and evolutionary analysis of major peanut allergen gene families. Genome Biol Evol 2014; 6:2468-88. [PMID: 25193311 PMCID: PMC4202325 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evu189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) causes one of the most serious food allergies. Peanut seed proteins, Arah1, Arah2, and Arah3, are considered to be among the most important peanut allergens. To gain insights into genome organization and evolution of allergen-encoding genes, approximately 617 kb from the genome of cultivated peanut and 215 kb from a wild relative were sequenced including three Arah1, one Arah2, eight Arah3, and two Arah6 gene family members. To assign polarity to differences between homoeologous regions in peanut, we used as outgroups the single orthologous regions in Medicago, Lotus, common bean, chickpea, and pigeonpea, which diverged from peanut about 50 Ma and have not undergone subsequent polyploidy. These regions were also compared with orthologs in many additional dicot plant species to help clarify the timing of evolutionary events. The lack of conservation of allergenic epitopes between species, and the fact that many different proteins can be allergenic, makes the identification of allergens across species by comparative studies difficult. The peanut allergen genes are interspersed with low-copy genes and transposable elements. Phylogenetic analyses revealed lineage-specific expansion and loss of low-copy genes between species and homoeologs. Arah1 syntenic regions are conserved in soybean, pigeonpea, tomato, grape, Lotus, and Arabidopsis, whereas Arah3 syntenic regions show genome rearrangements. We infer that tandem and segmental duplications led to the establishment of the Arah3 gene family. Our analysis indicates differences in conserved motifs in allergen proteins and in the promoter regions of the allergen-encoding genes. Phylogenetic analysis and genomic organization studies provide new insights into the evolution of the major peanut allergen-encoding genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milind B Ratnaparkhe
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia Directorate of Soybean Research, Indian Council of Agriculture Research (ICAR), Indore, (M.P.), India
| | - Tae-Ho Lee
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia
| | - Xu Tan
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia
| | - Xiyin Wang
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, Hebei United University, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Jingping Li
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia
| | - Changsoo Kim
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia
| | | | | | | | - Jon Robertson
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia
| | - Maria Gallo
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Mānoa
| | - David J Bertioli
- University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, DF, Brazil
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Kim C, Zhang D, Auckland SA, Rainville LK, Jakob K, Kronmiller B, Sacks EJ, Deuter M, Paterson AH. SSR-based genetic maps of Miscanthus sinensis and M. sacchariflorus, and their comparison to sorghum. Theor Appl Genet 2012; 124:1325-38. [PMID: 22274765 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-012-1790-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We present SSR-based genetic maps from a cross between Miscanthus sacchariflorus Robustus and M. sinensis, the progenitors of the promising cellulosic biofuel feedstock Miscanthus × giganteus. cDNA-derived SSR markers were mapped by the two-way pseudo-testcross model due to the high heterozygosity of each parental species. A total of 261 loci were mapped in M. sacchariflorus, spanning 40 linkage groups and 1,998.8 cM, covering an estimated 72.7% of the genome. For M. sinensis, a total of 303 loci were mapped, forming 23 linkage groups and 2,238.3 cM, covering 84.9% of the genome. The use of cDNA-derived SSR loci permitted alignment of the Miscanthus linkage groups to the sorghum chromosomes, revealing a whole genome duplication affecting the Miscanthus lineage after the divergence of subtribes Sorghinae and Saccharinae, as well as traces of the pan-cereal whole genome duplication. While the present maps provide for many early research needs in this emerging crop, additional markers are also needed to improve map density and to further characterize the structural changes of the Miscanthus genome since its divergence from sorghum and Saccharum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsoo Kim
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, 111 Riverbend Road, Rm 228, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Kim C, Zhang D, Auckland SA, Rainville LK, Jakob K, Kronmiller B, Sacks EJ, Deuter M, Paterson AH. SSR-based genetic maps of Miscanthus sinensis and M. sacchariflorus, and their comparison to sorghum. Theor Appl Genet 2012. [PMID: 22274765 DOI: 10.1007/s00122‐012‐1790‐1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We present SSR-based genetic maps from a cross between Miscanthus sacchariflorus Robustus and M. sinensis, the progenitors of the promising cellulosic biofuel feedstock Miscanthus × giganteus. cDNA-derived SSR markers were mapped by the two-way pseudo-testcross model due to the high heterozygosity of each parental species. A total of 261 loci were mapped in M. sacchariflorus, spanning 40 linkage groups and 1,998.8 cM, covering an estimated 72.7% of the genome. For M. sinensis, a total of 303 loci were mapped, forming 23 linkage groups and 2,238.3 cM, covering 84.9% of the genome. The use of cDNA-derived SSR loci permitted alignment of the Miscanthus linkage groups to the sorghum chromosomes, revealing a whole genome duplication affecting the Miscanthus lineage after the divergence of subtribes Sorghinae and Saccharinae, as well as traces of the pan-cereal whole genome duplication. While the present maps provide for many early research needs in this emerging crop, additional markers are also needed to improve map density and to further characterize the structural changes of the Miscanthus genome since its divergence from sorghum and Saccharum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsoo Kim
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, 111 Riverbend Road, Rm 228, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Ratnaparkhe MB, Wang X, Li J, Compton RO, Rainville LK, Lemke C, Kim C, Tang H, Paterson AH. Comparative analysis of peanut NBS-LRR gene clusters suggests evolutionary innovation among duplicated domains and erosion of gene microsynteny. New Phytol 2011; 192:164-178. [PMID: 21707619 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03800.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
• Plant genomes contain numerous disease resistance genes (R genes) that play roles in defense against pathogens. Scarcity of genetic polymorphism makes peanut (Arachis hypogaea) especially vulnerable to a wide variety of pathogens. • Here, we isolated and characterized peanut bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) containing a high density of R genes. Analysis of two genomic regions identified several TIR-NBS-LRR (Toll-interleukin-1 receptor, nucleotide-binding site, leucine-rich repeat) resistance gene analogs or gene fragments. We reconstructed their evolutionary history characterized by tandem duplications, possibly facilitated by transposon activities. We found evidence of both intergenic and intragenic gene conversions and unequal crossing-over, which may be driving forces underlying the functional evolution of resistance. • Analysis of the sequence mutations, protein secondary structure and three-dimensional structures, all suggest that LRR domains are the primary contributor to the evolution of resistance genes. The central part of LRR regions, assumed to serve as the active core, may play a key role in the resistance function by having higher rates of duplication and DNA conversion than neighboring regions. The assumed active core is characterized by significantly enriched leucine residue composition, accumulation of positively selected sites, and shorter beta sheets. • Homologous resistance gene analog (RGA)-containing regions in peanut, soybean, Medicago, Arabidopsis and grape have only limited gene synteny and microcollinearity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiyin Wang
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, Hebei United University, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China
| | - Jingping Li
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Rosana O Compton
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Lisa K Rainville
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Cornelia Lemke
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Changsoo Kim
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Haibao Tang
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Andrew H Paterson
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Lin L, Tang H, Compton RO, Lemke C, Rainville LK, Wang X, Rong J, Rana MK, Paterson AH. Comparative analysis of Gossypium and Vitis genomes indicates genome duplication specific to the Gossypium lineage. Genomics 2011; 97:313-20. [PMID: 21352905 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2011.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Revised: 02/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Genetic mapping studies have suggested that diploid cotton (Gossypium) might be an ancient polyploid. However, further evidence is lacking due to the complexity of the genome and the lack of sequence resources. Here, we used the grape (Vitis vinifera) genome as an out-group in two different approaches to further explore evidence regarding ancient genome duplication (WGD) event(s) in the diploid Gossypium lineage and its (their) effects: a genome-level alignment analysis and a local-level sequence component analysis. Both studies suggest that at least one round of genome duplication occurred in the Gossypium lineage. Also, gene densities in corresponding regions from Gossypium raimondii, V. vinifera, Arabidopsis thaliana and Carica papaya genomes are similar, despite the huge difference in their genome sizes and the different number of WGDs each genome has experienced. These observations fit the model that differences in plant genome sizes are largely explained by transposon insertions into heterochromatic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Lin
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30605, USA
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Lin L, Pierce GJ, Bowers JE, Estill JC, Compton RO, Rainville LK, Kim C, Lemke C, Rong J, Tang H, Wang X, Braidotti M, Chen AH, Chicola K, Collura K, Epps E, Golser W, Grover C, Ingles J, Karunakaran S, Kudrna D, Olive J, Tabassum N, Um E, Wissotski M, Yu Y, Zuccolo A, ur Rahman M, Peterson DG, Wing RA, Wendel JF, Paterson AH. A draft physical map of a D-genome cotton species (Gossypium raimondii). BMC Genomics 2010; 11:395. [PMID: 20569427 PMCID: PMC2996926 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-11-395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2010] [Accepted: 06/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetically anchored physical maps of large eukaryotic genomes have proven useful both for their intrinsic merit and as an adjunct to genome sequencing. Cultivated tetraploid cottons, Gossypium hirsutum and G. barbadense, share a common ancestor formed by a merger of the A and D genomes about 1-2 million years ago. Toward the long-term goal of characterizing the spectrum of diversity among cotton genomes, the worldwide cotton community has prioritized the D genome progenitor Gossypium raimondii for complete sequencing. RESULTS A whole genome physical map of G. raimondii, the putative D genome ancestral species of tetraploid cottons was assembled, integrating genetically-anchored overgo hybridization probes, agarose based fingerprints and 'high information content fingerprinting' (HICF). A total of 13,662 BAC-end sequences and 2,828 DNA probes were used in genetically anchoring 1585 contigs to a cotton consensus genetic map, and 370 and 438 contigs, respectively to Arabidopsis thaliana (AT) and Vitis vinifera (VV) whole genome sequences. CONCLUSION Several lines of evidence suggest that the G. raimondii genome is comprised of two qualitatively different components. Much of the gene rich component is aligned to the Arabidopsis and Vitis vinifera genomes and shows promise for utilizing translational genomic approaches in understanding this important genome and its resident genes. The integrated genetic-physical map is of value both in assembling and validating a planned reference sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Lin
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Gary J Pierce
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - John E Bowers
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - James C Estill
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Rosana O Compton
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - Lisa K Rainville
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - Changsoo Kim
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - Cornelia Lemke
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - Junkang Rong
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Zhejiang Forestry University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Haibao Tang
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbiology, College of Natural Resources, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Xiyin Wang
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - Michele Braidotti
- Arizona Genomics Institute, School of Plant Sciences and BIO5 Institute for Collaborative Research, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Amy H Chen
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - Kristen Chicola
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - Kristi Collura
- Arizona Genomics Institute, School of Plant Sciences and BIO5 Institute for Collaborative Research, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Ethan Epps
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - Wolfgang Golser
- Arizona Genomics Institute, School of Plant Sciences and BIO5 Institute for Collaborative Research, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Corrinne Grover
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, & Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Jennifer Ingles
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | | | - Dave Kudrna
- Arizona Genomics Institute, School of Plant Sciences and BIO5 Institute for Collaborative Research, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Jaime Olive
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - Nabila Tabassum
- National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Eareana Um
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - Marina Wissotski
- Arizona Genomics Institute, School of Plant Sciences and BIO5 Institute for Collaborative Research, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Yeisoo Yu
- Arizona Genomics Institute, School of Plant Sciences and BIO5 Institute for Collaborative Research, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Andrea Zuccolo
- Arizona Genomics Institute, School of Plant Sciences and BIO5 Institute for Collaborative Research, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Mehboob ur Rahman
- National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Daniel G Peterson
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
- Life Sciences & Biotechnology Institute, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA
| | - Rod A Wing
- Arizona Genomics Institute, School of Plant Sciences and BIO5 Institute for Collaborative Research, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Jonathan F Wendel
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, & Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Andrew H Paterson
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
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