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Gabitto MI, Travaglini KJ, Rachleff VM, Kaplan ES, Long B, Ariza J, Ding Y, Mahoney JT, Dee N, Goldy J, Melief EJ, Brouner K, Campos J, Carr AJ, Casper T, Chakrabarty R, Clark M, Compos J, Cool J, Valera Cuevas NJ, Dalley R, Darvas M, Ding SL, Dolbeare T, Mac Donald CL, Egdorf T, Esposito L, Ferrer R, Gala R, Gary A, Gloe J, Guilford N, Guzman J, Ho W, Jarksy T, Johansen N, Kalmbach BE, Keene LM, Khawand S, Kilgore M, Kirkland A, Kunst M, Lee BR, Malone J, Maltzer Z, Martin N, McCue R, McMillen D, Meyerdierks E, Meyers KP, Mollenkopf T, Montine M, Nolan AL, Nyhus J, Olsen PA, Pacleb M, Pham T, Pom CA, Postupna N, Ruiz A, Schantz AM, Sorensen SA, Staats B, Sullivan M, Sunkin SM, Thompson C, Tieu M, Ting J, Torkelson A, Tran T, Wang MQ, Waters J, Wilson AM, Haynor D, Gatto N, Jayadev S, Mufti S, Ng L, Mukherjee S, Crane PK, Latimer CS, Levi BP, Smith K, Close JL, Miller JA, Hodge RD, Larson EB, Grabowski TJ, Hawrylycz M, Keene CD, Lein ES. Integrated multimodal cell atlas of Alzheimer's disease. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-2921860. [PMID: 37292694 PMCID: PMC10246227 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2921860/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in older adults. Neuropathological and imaging studies have demonstrated a progressive and stereotyped accumulation of protein aggregates, but the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms driving AD progression and vulnerable cell populations affected by disease remain coarsely understood. The current study harnesses single cell and spatial genomics tools and knowledge from the BRAIN Initiative Cell Census Network to understand the impact of disease progression on middle temporal gyrus cell types. We used image-based quantitative neuropathology to place 84 donors spanning the spectrum of AD pathology along a continuous disease pseudoprogression score and multiomic technologies to profile single nuclei from each donor, mapping their transcriptomes, epigenomes, and spatial coordinates to a common cell type reference with unprecedented resolution. Temporal analysis of cell-type proportions indicated an early reduction of Somatostatin-expressing neuronal subtypes and a late decrease of supragranular intratelencephalic-projecting excitatory and Parvalbumin-expressing neurons, with increases in disease-associated microglial and astrocytic states. We found complex gene expression differences, ranging from global to cell type-specific effects. These effects showed different temporal patterns indicating diverse cellular perturbations as a function of disease progression. A subset of donors showed a particularly severe cellular and molecular phenotype, which correlated with steeper cognitive decline. We have created a freely available public resource to explore these data and to accelerate progress in AD research at SEA-AD.org.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Victoria M. Rachleff
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104
| | | | - Brian Long
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109
| | - Jeanelle Ariza
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104
| | - Yi Ding
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109
| | | | - Nick Dee
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109
| | - Jeff Goldy
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109
| | - Erica J. Melief
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104
| | | | - John Campos
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104
| | | | - Tamara Casper
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109
| | | | - Michael Clark
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109
| | - Jazmin Compos
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109
| | - Jonah Cool
- Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, Redwood City, CA 94063
| | | | - Rachel Dalley
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109
| | - Martin Darvas
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104
| | - Song-Lin Ding
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109
| | - Tim Dolbeare
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109
| | | | - Tom Egdorf
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109
| | - Luke Esposito
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109
| | | | - Rohan Gala
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109
| | - Amanda Gary
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109
| | - Jessica Gloe
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109
| | | | | | - Windy Ho
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109
| | - Tim Jarksy
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109
| | | | | | - Lisa M. Keene
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104
| | - Sarah Khawand
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104
| | - Mitch Kilgore
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104
| | - Amanda Kirkland
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104
| | - Michael Kunst
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109
| | - Brian R. Lee
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109
| | | | - Zoe Maltzer
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109
| | - Naomi Martin
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109
| | - Rachel McCue
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109
| | | | | | - Kelly P. Meyers
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101
| | | | - Mark Montine
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104
| | - Amber L. Nolan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104
| | - Julie Nyhus
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109
| | - Paul A. Olsen
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109
| | - Maiya Pacleb
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104
| | - Thanh Pham
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109
| | | | - Nadia Postupna
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104
| | - Augustin Ruiz
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109
| | - Aimee M. Schantz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104
| | | | - Brian Staats
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109
| | - Matt Sullivan
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109
| | | | | | - Michael Tieu
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109
| | - Jonathan Ting
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109
| | - Amy Torkelson
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109
| | - Tracy Tran
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109
| | | | - Jack Waters
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109
| | - Angela M. Wilson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104
| | - David Haynor
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98014
| | - Nicole Gatto
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101
| | - Suman Jayadev
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104
| | - Shoaib Mufti
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109
| | - Lydia Ng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109
| | | | - Paul K. Crane
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104
| | - Caitlin S. Latimer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104
| | - Boaz P. Levi
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109
| | | | | | | | | | - Eric B. Larson
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104
| | | | | | - C. Dirk Keene
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104
| | - Ed S. Lein
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109
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Latimer CS, Melief EJ, Ariza-Torres J, Howard K, Keen AR, Keene LM, Schantz AM, Sytsma TM, Wilson AM, Grabowski TJ, Darvas M, O'Connor KD, Nolan AL, Edlow BL, Mac Donald CL, Keene CD. Protocol for the Systematic Fixation, Circuit-Based Sampling, and Qualitative and Quantitative Neuropathological Analysis of Human Brain Tissue. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2561:3-30. [PMID: 36399262 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2655-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Human brain tissue has long been a critical resource for neuroanatomy and neuropathology, but with the advent of advanced imaging and molecular sequencing techniques, it has become possible to use human brain tissue to study, in great detail, the structural, molecular, and even functional underpinnings of human brain disease. In the century following the first description of Alzheimer's disease (AD), numerous technological advances applied to human tissue have enabled novel diagnostic approaches using diverse physical and molecular biomarkers, and many drug therapies have been tested in clinical trials (Schachter and Davis, Dialogues Clin Neurosci 2:91-100, 2000). The methods for brain procurement and tissue stabilization have remained somewhat consistently focused on formalin fixation and freezing. Although these methods have enabled research protocols of multiple modalities, new, more advanced technologies demand improved methodologies for the procurement, characterization, stabilization, and preparation of both normal and diseased human brain tissues. Here, we describe our current protocols for the procurement and characterization of fixed brain tissue, to enable systematic and precisely targeted diagnoses, and describe the novel, quantitative molecular, and neuroanatomical studies that broadly expand the use of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue that will further our understanding of the mechanisms underlying human neuropathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin S Latimer
- University of Washington, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Erica J Melief
- University of Washington, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeanelle Ariza-Torres
- University of Washington, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kim Howard
- University of Washington, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Amanda R Keen
- University of Washington, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lisa M Keene
- University of Washington, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aimee M Schantz
- University of Washington, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Trevor M Sytsma
- University of Washington, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Angela M Wilson
- University of Washington, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Martin Darvas
- University of Washington, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Amber L Nolan
- University of Washington, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brian L Edlow
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Neurology, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - C Dirk Keene
- University of Washington, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Seattle, WA, USA.
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