1
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Schofield JH, Longo J, Sheldon RD, Albano E, Ellis AE, Hawk MA, Murphy S, Duong L, Rahmy S, Lu X, Jones RG, Schafer ZT. Acod1 expression in cancer cells promotes immune evasion through the generation of inhibitory peptides. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113984. [PMID: 38520689 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is an important component of many immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapeutic approaches. However, ICB is not an efficacious strategy in a variety of cancer types, in part due to immunosuppressive metabolites in the tumor microenvironment. Here, we find that αPD-1-resistant cancer cells produce abundant itaconate (ITA) due to enhanced levels of aconitate decarboxylase (Acod1). Acod1 has an important role in the resistance to αPD-1, as decreasing Acod1 levels in αPD-1-resistant cancer cells can sensitize tumors to αPD-1 therapy. Mechanistically, cancer cells with high Acod1 inhibit the proliferation of naive CD8+ T cells through the secretion of inhibitory factors. Surprisingly, inhibition of CD8+ T cell proliferation is not dependent on the secretion of ITA but is instead a consequence of the release of small inhibitory peptides. Our study suggests that strategies to counter the activity of Acod1 in cancer cells may sensitize tumors to ICB therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H Schofield
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Joseph Longo
- Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Ryan D Sheldon
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Emma Albano
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Abigail E Ellis
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Mark A Hawk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Sean Murphy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Loan Duong
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Sharif Rahmy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Xin Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Russell G Jones
- Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Zachary T Schafer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
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2
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Murphy S, Rahmy S, Gan D, Liu G, Zhu Y, Manyak M, Duong L, He J, Schofield JH, Schafer ZT, Li J, Lu X, Lu X. Ketogenic diet alters the epigenetic and immune landscape of prostate cancer to overcome resistance to immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Cancer Res 2024:742935. [PMID: 38588411 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-2742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Resistance to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy represents a formidable clinical challenge limiting the efficacy of immunotherapy. In particular, prostate cancer (PCa) poses a challenge for ICB therapy due to its immunosuppressive features. A ketogenic diet (KD) has been reported to enhance response to ICB therapy in some other cancer models. However, adverse effects associated with continuous KD were also observed, demanding better mechanistic understanding and optimized regimens for using KD as an immunotherapy sensitizer. In this study, we established a series of ICB-resistant PCa cell lines and developed a highly effective strategy of combining anti-PD1 and anti-CTLA4 antibodies with histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) vorinostat, a cyclic ketogenic diet (CKD), or dietary supplementation of the ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), which is an endogenous HDACi. CKD and BHB supplementation each delayed PCa tumor growth as monotherapy, and both BHB and adaptive immunity were required for the anti-tumor activity of CKD. Single-cell transcriptomic and proteomic profiling revealed that HDACi and ketogenesis enhanced ICB efficacy through both cancer cell-intrinsic mechanisms, including upregulation of MHC class I molecules, and -extrinsic mechanisms, such as CD8+ T cell chemoattraction, M1/M2 macrophage rebalancing, monocyte differentiation toward antigen presenting cells, and diminished neutrophil infiltration. Overall, these findings illuminate a potential clinical path of using HDACi and optimized KD regimens to enhance ICB therapy for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Murphy
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States
| | - Sharif Rahmy
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States
| | - Dailin Gan
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, United States
| | - Guoqiang Liu
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States
| | - Yini Zhu
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States
| | - Maxim Manyak
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States
| | - Loan Duong
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States
| | - Jianping He
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | | | | | - Jun Li
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, United States
| | - Xuemin Lu
- University of Notre Dame, United States
| | - Xin Lu
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States
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3
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Rawson R, Duong L, Tkachenko E, Chiang AWT, Okamoto K, Dohil R, Lewis NE, Kurten R, Abud EM, Aceves SS. Mechanotransduction-induced interplay between phospholamban and yes-activated protein induces smooth muscle cell hypertrophy. Mucosal Immunol 2024:S1933-0219(24)00016-3. [PMID: 38423390 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal system is a hollow organ affected by fibrostenotic diseases that cause volumetric compromise of the lumen via smooth muscle hypertrophy and fibrosis. Many of the driving mechanisms remain unclear. Yes-associated protein-1 (YAP) is a critical mechanosensory transcriptional regulator that mediates cell hypertrophy in response to elevated extracellular rigidity. In the type 2 inflammatory disorder, eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), phospholamban (PLN) can induce smooth muscle cell hypertrophy. We used EoE as a disease model for understanding a mechanistic pathway in which PLN and YAP interact in response to rigid extracellular substrate to induce smooth muscle cell hypertrophy. PLN-induced YAP nuclear sequestration in a feed-forward loop caused increased cell size in response to a rigid substrate. This mechanism of rigidity sensing may have previously unappreciated clinical implications for PLN-expressing hollow systems such as the esophagus and heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee Rawson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California; Division of Allergy Immunology, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Loan Duong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California; Division of Allergy Immunology, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Eugene Tkachenko
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California; Division of Allergy Immunology, University of California, San Diego, California; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Austin W T Chiang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Kevin Okamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California; Division of Allergy Immunology, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Ranjan Dohil
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California; Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, California; XXX, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California
| | - Nathan E Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Richard Kurten
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California; Division of Allergy Immunology, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Edsel M Abud
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California; Division of Allergy Immunology, University of California, San Diego, California; XXX, Scripps Research Translational Institute, Scripps Research, San Diego, California
| | - Seema S Aceves
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California; Division of Allergy Immunology, University of California, San Diego, California; XXX, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California.
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4
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Schofield JH, Longo J, Sheldon RD, Albano E, Hawk MA, Murphy S, Duong L, Rahmy S, Lu X, Jones RG, Schafer ZT. Acod1 Expression in Cancer Cells Promotes Immune Evasion through the Generation of Inhibitory Peptides. bioRxiv 2023:2023.09.14.557799. [PMID: 37745450 PMCID: PMC10515953 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.14.557799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Targeting PD-1 is an important component of many immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapeutic approaches. However, ICB is not an efficacious strategy in a variety of cancer types, in part due to immunosuppressive metabolites in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, we find that αPD-1-resistant cancer cells produce abundant itaconate (ITA) due to enhanced levels of aconitate decarboxylase (Acod1). Acod1 has an important role in the resistance to αPD-1, as decreasing Acod1 levels in αPD-1 resistant cancer cells can sensitize tumors to αPD-1 therapy. Mechanistically, cancer cells with high Acod1 inhibit the proliferation of naïve CD8+ T cells through the secretion of inhibitory factors. Surprisingly, inhibition of CD8+ T cell proliferation is not dependent on secretion of ITA, but is instead a consequence of the release of small inhibitory peptides. Our study suggests that strategies to counter the activity of Acod1 in cancer cells may sensitize tumors to ICB therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H. Schofield
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556 USA
| | - Joseph Longo
- Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA
| | - Ryan D. Sheldon
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA
| | - Emma Albano
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556 USA
| | - Mark A. Hawk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556 USA
| | - Sean Murphy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556 USA
| | - Loan Duong
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556 USA
| | - Sharif Rahmy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556 USA
| | - Xin Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556 USA
| | - Russell G. Jones
- Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA
| | - Zachary T. Schafer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556 USA
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5
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Zhu Y, Duong L, Lu X, Lu X. Cancer-cell-intrinsic mechanisms shaping the immunosuppressive landscape of prostate cancer. Asian J Androl 2023; 25:171-178. [PMID: 36367020 PMCID: PMC10069702 DOI: 10.4103/aja202283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Although immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment and achieved remarkable success across many different cancer types, only a subset of patients shows meaningful clinical responses. In particular, advanced prostate cancer exhibits overwhelming de novo resistance to immune checkpoint blockade therapy. This is primarily due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment of prostate cancer. Therefore, it is paramount to understand how prostate cancer cell-intrinsic mechanisms promote immune evasion and foster an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Here, we review recent findings that reveal the roles of the genetic alterations, androgen receptor signaling, cancer cell plasticity, and oncogenic pathways in shaping the immunosuppressive microenvironment and thereby driving immunotherapy resistance. Based on preclinical and clinical observations, a variety of therapeutic strategies are being developed that may illuminate new paths to enhance immunotherapy efficacy in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yini Zhu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Loan Duong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Xuemin Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Xin Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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6
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Cabrero Manresa M, Pham E, Duong L, Miki H, Croft M, Aceves S. Differential Contribution Of TNFSF14/LIGHT-Receptor Mediated Pathways To Inflammatory Fibroblast Phenotypes In Eosinophilic Esophagitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.12.592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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7
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Duong L, Radley HG, Lee B, Dye DE, Pixley FJ, Grounds MD, Nelson DJ, Jackaman C. Macrophage function in the elderly and impact on injury repair and cancer. Immun Ageing 2021; 18:4. [PMID: 33441138 PMCID: PMC7805172 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-021-00215-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Older age is associated with deteriorating health, including escalating risk of diseases such as cancer, and a diminished ability to repair following injury. This rise in age-related diseases/co-morbidities is associated with changes to immune function, including in myeloid cells, and is related to immunosenescence. Immunosenescence reflects age-related changes associated with immune dysfunction and is accompanied by low-grade chronic inflammation or inflammageing. This is characterised by increased levels of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6. However, in healthy ageing, there is a concomitant age-related escalation in anti-inflammatory cytokines such as transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and IL-10, which may overcompensate to regulate the pro-inflammatory state. Key inflammatory cells, macrophages, play a role in cancer development and injury repair in young hosts, and we propose that their role in ageing in these scenarios may be more profound. Imbalanced pro- and anti-inflammatory factors during ageing may also have a significant influence on macrophage function and further impact the severity of age-related diseases in which macrophages are known to play a key role. In this brief review we summarise studies describing changes to inflammatory function of macrophages (from various tissues and across sexes) during healthy ageing. We also describe age-related diseases/co-morbidities where macrophages are known to play a key role, focussed on injury repair processes and cancer, plus comment briefly on strategies to correct for these age-related changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Duong
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, 6102, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - H G Radley
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, 6102, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - B Lee
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, 6102, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - D E Dye
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, 6102, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - F J Pixley
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, 6009, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - M D Grounds
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, 6009, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - D J Nelson
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, 6102, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - C Jackaman
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, 6102, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia.
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8
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Abdolmanafi A, Dahdah N, Duong L, Adib RI, Cheriet F. FULLY AUTOMATIC ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE DIAGNOSTIC MODEL OF CORONARY ARTERY LESIONS USING OCT IMAGING. Can J Cardiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2019.07.468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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9
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Abdolmanafi A, Duong L, Cheriet F, Dahdah N. VOLUMETRIC ASSESSMENT OF INTRACORONARY PATHOLOGICAL FORMATIONS USING OCT IMAGING IN KAWASAKI DISEASE. Can J Cardiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2018.07.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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10
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Tran K, Duong L. Technology-enabled specialty pharmacy utilization of the routine assessment of patient index data 3 (RAPID3) to monitor and enhance outcomes of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients – a retrospective review. J Drug Assess 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/21556660.2018.1521104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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11
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Gundelwein L, Miró J, Gonzalez Barlatay F, Lapierre C, Rohr K, Duong L. Personalized stent design for congenital heart defects using pulsatile blood flow simulations. J Biomech 2018; 81:68-75. [PMID: 30274737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Stent size selection and placement are among the most challenging tasks in the treatment of pulmonary artery stenosis in congenital heart defects (CHD). Patient-specific 3D model from CT or MR improves the understanding of the patient's anatomy and information about the hemodynamics aid in patient risk assessment and treatment planning. This work presents a new approach for personalized stent design in pulmonary artery interventions combining personalized patient geometry and hemodynamic simulations. First, the stent position is initialized using a geometric approach. Second, the stent and artery expansion, including the foreshortening behavior of the stent is simulated. Two stent designs are considered, a regular stent and a Y-stent for bifurcations. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of the blood flow in the initial and expanded artery models are performed using patient-specific boundary conditions in form of a pulsatile inflow waveform, 3-element Windkessel outflow conditions, and deformable vessel walls. The simulations have been applied to 16 patient cases with a large variability of anatomies. Finally, the simulations have been clinically validated using retrospective imaging from angiography and pressure measurements. The simulated pressure, volume flow and flow velocity values were on the same order of magnitude as the reference values obtained from clinical measurements, and the simulated stent placement showed a positive impact on the hemodynamic values. Simulation of geometric changes combined with CFD simulations offers the possibility to optimize stent type, size, and position by evaluating different configurations before the intervention, and eventually allow to test customized stent geometries and new deployment techniques in CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gundelwein
- University of Heidelberg, BioQuant, IPMB, and DKFZ Heidelberg, Biomedical Computer Vision Group, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; École de technologie supérieure, 1100 Notre-Dame St W, Montreal, QC H3C 1K3, Canada
| | - J Miró
- Centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - F Gonzalez Barlatay
- Centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - C Lapierre
- Centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - K Rohr
- University of Heidelberg, BioQuant, IPMB, and DKFZ Heidelberg, Biomedical Computer Vision Group, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L Duong
- École de technologie supérieure, 1100 Notre-Dame St W, Montreal, QC H3C 1K3, Canada.
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12
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Weller SG, Sakai AK, Culley TM, Duong L, Danielson RE. Segregation of male-sterility alleles across a species boundary. J Evol Biol 2014; 27:429-36. [PMID: 24417506 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid zones may serve as bridges permitting gene flow between species, including alleles influencing the evolution of breeding systems. Using greenhouse crosses, we assessed the likelihood that a hybrid zone could serve as a conduit for transfer of nuclear male-sterility alleles between a gynodioecious species and a hermaphroditic species with very rare females in some populations. Segregation patterns in progeny of crosses between rare females of hermaphroditic Schiedea menziesii and hermaphroditic plants of gynodioecious Schiedea salicaria heterozygous at the male-sterility locus, and between female S. salicaria and hermaphroditic plants from the hybrid zone, were used to determine whether male-sterility was controlled at the same locus in the parental species and the hybrid zone. Segregations of females and hermaphrodites in approximately equal ratios from many of the crosses indicate that the same nuclear male-sterility allele occurs in the parent species and the hybrid zone. These rare male-sterility alleles in S. menziesii may result from gene flow from S. salicaria through the hybrid zone, presumably facilitated by wind pollination in S. salicaria. Alternatively, rare male-sterility alleles might result from a reversal from gynodioecy to hermaphroditism in S. menziesii, or possibly de novo evolution of male sterility. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that some species of Schiedea have probably evolved separate sexes independently, but not in the lineage containing S. salicaria and S. menziesii. High levels of selfing and expression of strong inbreeding depression in S. menziesii, which together should favour females in populations, argue against a reversal from gynodioecy to hermaphroditism in S. menziesii.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Weller
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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13
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Ahmed Z, Akerib DS, Arrenberg S, Bailey CN, Balakishiyeva D, Baudis L, Bauer DA, Brink PL, Bruch T, Bunker R, Cabrera B, Caldwell DO, Cooley J, do Couto e Silva E, Cushman P, Daal M, DeJongh F, Di Stefano P, Dragowsky MR, Duong L, Fallows S, Figueroa-Feliciano E, Filippini J, Fox J, Fritts M, Golwala SR, Hall J, Hennings-Yeomans R, Hertel SA, Holmgren D, Hsu L, Huber ME, Kamaev O, Kiveni M, Kos M, Leman SW, Liu S, Mahapatra R, Mandic V, McCarthy KA, Mirabolfathi N, Moore D, Nelson H, Ogburn RW, Phipps A, Pyle M, Qiu X, Ramberg E, Rau W, Reisetter A, Resch R, Saab T, Sadoulet B, Sander J, Schnee RW, Seitz DN, Serfass B, Sundqvist KM, Tarka M, Wikus P, Yellin S, Yoo J, Young BA, Zhang J. Results from a low-energy analysis of the CDMS II germanium data. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 106:131302. [PMID: 21517371 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.131302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We report results from a reanalysis of data from the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS II) experiment at the Soudan Underground Laboratory. Data taken between October 2006 and September 2008 using eight germanium detectors are reanalyzed with a lowered, 2 keV recoil-energy threshold, to give increased sensitivity to interactions from weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) with masses below ∼10 GeV/c(2). This analysis provides stronger constraints than previous CDMS II results for WIMP masses below 9 GeV/c(2) and excludes parameter space associated with possible low-mass WIMP signals from the DAMA/LIBRA and CoGeNT experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Ahmed
- Division of Physics, Mathematics & Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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Ahmed Z, Akerib DS, Arrenberg S, Bailey CN, Balakishiyeva D, Baudis L, Bauer DA, Beaty J, Brink PL, Bruch T, Bunker R, Cabrera B, Caldwell DO, Cooley J, Cushman P, Dejongh F, Dragowsky MR, Duong L, Figueroa-Feliciano E, Filippini J, Fritts M, Golwala SR, Grant DR, Hall J, Hennings-Yeomans R, Hertel S, Holmgren D, Hsu L, Huber ME, Kamaev O, Kiveni M, Kos M, Leman SW, Mahapatra R, Mandic V, Moore D, McCarthy KA, Mirabolfathi N, Nelson H, Ogburn RW, Pyle M, Qiu X, Ramberg E, Rau W, Reisetter A, Saab T, Sadoulet B, Sander J, Schnee RW, Seitz DN, Serfass B, Sundqvist KM, Tarka M, Wang G, Yellin S, Yoo J, Young BA. Search for axions with the CDMS experiment. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 103:141802. [PMID: 19905561 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.141802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report on the first axion search results from the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS) experiment at the Soudan Underground Laboratory. An energy threshold of 2 keV for electron-recoil events allows a search for possible solar axion conversion into photons or local galactic axion conversion into electrons in the germanium crystal detectors. The solar axion search sets an upper limit on the Primakov coupling g(agammagamma) of 2.4x10(-9) GeV-1 at the 95% confidence level for an axion mass less than 0.1 keV/c2. This limit benefits from the first precise measurement of the absolute crystal plane orientations in this type of experiment. The galactic axion search analysis sets a world-leading experimental upper limit on the axioelectric coupling g(aee) of 1.4x10(-12) at the 90% confidence level for an axion mass of 2.5 keV/c2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Ahmed
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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15
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Ahmed Z, Akerib DS, Arrenberg S, Attisha MJ, Bailey CN, Baudis L, Bauer DA, Beaty J, Brink PL, Bruch T, Bunker R, Burke S, Cabrera B, Caldwell DO, Cooley J, Cushman P, Dejongh F, Dragowsky MR, Duong L, Emes J, Figueroa-Feliciano E, Filippini J, Fritts M, Gaitskell RJ, Golwala SR, Grant DR, Hall J, Hennings-Yeomans R, Hertel S, Holmgren D, Huber ME, Mahapatra R, Mandic V, McCarthy KA, Mirabolfathi N, Nelson H, Novak L, Ogburn RW, Pyle M, Qiu X, Ramberg E, Rau W, Reisetter A, Saab T, Sadoulet B, Sander J, Schmitt R, Schnee RW, Seitz DN, Serfass B, Sirois A, Sundqvist KM, Tarka M, Tomada A, Wang G, Yellin S, Yoo J, Young BA. Search for weakly interacting massive particles with the first five-tower data from the cryogenic dark matter search at the soudan underground laboratory. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 102:011301. [PMID: 19257177 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.011301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report results from the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search at the Soudan Underground Laboratory (CDMS II) featuring the full complement of 30 detectors. A blind analysis of data taken between October 2006 and July 2007 sets an upper limit on the weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) nucleon spin-independent cross section of 6.6x10;{-44} cm;{2} (4.6x10;{-44} cm;{2} when combined with previous CDMS II data) at the 90% confidence level for a WIMP mass of 60 GeV/c;{2}. This achieves the best sensitivity for dark matter WIMPs with masses above 44 GeV/c;{2}, and significantly restricts the parameter space for some favored supersymmetric models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Ahmed
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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Bennett GW, Bousquet B, Brown HN, Bunce G, Carey RM, Cushman P, Danby GT, Debevec PT, Deile M, Deng H, Deninger W, Dhawan SK, Druzhinin VP, Duong L, Efstathiadis E, Farley FJM, Fedotovich GV, Giron S, Gray FE, Grigoriev D, Grosse-Perdekamp M, Grossmann A, Hare MF, Hertzog DW, Huang X, Hughes VW, Iwasaki M, Jungmann K, Kawall D, Kawamura M, Khazin BI, Kindem J, Krienen F, Kronkvist I, Lam A, Larsen R, Lee YY, Logashenko I, McNabb R, Meng W, Mi J, Miller JP, Mizumachi Y, Morse WM, Nikas D, Onderwater CJG, Orlov Y, Ozben CS, Paley JM, Peng Q, Polly CC, Pretz J, Prigl R, zu Putlitz G, Qian T, Redin SI, Rind O, Roberts BL, Ryskulov N, Sedykh S, Semertzidis YK, Shagin P, Shatunov YM, Sichtermann EP, Solodov E, Sossong M, Steinmetz A, Sulak LR, Timmermans C, Trofimov A, Urner D, von Walter P, Warburton D, Winn D, Yamamoto A, Zimmerman D. Search for Lorentz and CPT violation effects in Muon spin precession. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 100:091602. [PMID: 18352695 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.091602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The spin precession frequency of muons stored in the (g-2) storage ring has been analyzed for evidence of Lorentz and CPT violation. Two Lorentz and CPT violation signatures were searched for a nonzero delta omega a(=omega a mu+ - omega a mu-) and a sidereal variation of omega a mu+/-). No significant effect is found, and the following limits on the standard-model extension parameters are obtained: bZ = -(1.0+/-1.1) x 10(-23) GeV; (m mu dZ0 + HXY)=(1.8+/-6.0) x 10(-23) GeV; and the 95% confidence level limits b perpendicular mu+ <1.4 x 10(-24) GeV and b perpendicular mu- <2.6 x 10(-24) GeV.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Bennett
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
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Lee F, Roach M, Duong L, Heywood G, Parasher G, Rasila K. Improved survival with combination oxaliplatin, irinotecan, cetuximab for metastatic pancreatic cancer. J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.15180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
15180 Background: For metastatic pancreatic cancer, no combination chemotherapy has been shown to improve survival significantly in comparison to single agent gemcitabine. A novel combination with oxaliplatin 60 mg/m2, irinotecan 90 mg/m2, cetuximab 250 mg/m2 (OIC) given every two weeks appears to produce a high rate of radiographic response. Since our reporting (ASCO 2007 GI Conference), we continue to see a high rate of clinical and radiographic responses (50% by Recist Criteria). We therefore decided to look carefully on the survival data of OIC versus control (mainly gemcitabine single agent or in combination with other agents). Methods: We retrospective reviewed patients seen from 10/2002 to 10/2006 with diagnosis of metastatic pancreatic cancer. The survival duration was calculated from the date of diagnosis to the date of death. We included only patients whose dates of death could be confirmed with death certificates. Results: A total of 37 patients were identified. 11 of those were in the OIC arm and 26 were treated with other regimens (17 with gemcitabine-based regimens, 9 with either capecitabine or 5-FU-based regimens) that function as control. The range of survival duration was 4 - 28 months for OIC arm and 1 - 28 months for the control. Median survival was 10 months for the OIC arm versus 5 months for the control. Conclusions: OIC regimen produces a high rate of tumor response and may have a survival advantage with this retrospective analysis. We believe it is a regimen deserves further evaluation. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Lee
- Univ of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM; University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - M. Roach
- Univ of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM; University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - L. Duong
- Univ of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM; University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - G. Heywood
- Univ of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM; University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - G. Parasher
- Univ of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM; University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - K. Rasila
- Univ of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM; University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
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Perdrizet G, Duong L, Rewinski M, McKone H, Hightower L. P280. J Surg Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2006.12.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Akerib DS, Attisha MJ, Bailey CN, Baudis L, Bauer DA, Brink PL, Brusov PP, Bunker R, Cabrera B, Caldwell DO, Chang CL, Cooley J, Crisler MB, Cushman P, Daal M, Dixon R, Dragowsky MR, Driscoll DD, Duong L, Ferril R, Filippini J, Gaitskell RJ, Golwala SR, Grant DR, Hennings-Yeomans R, Holmgren D, Huber ME, Kamat S, Leclercq S, Lu A, Mahapatra R, Mandic V, Meunier P, Mirabolfathi N, Nelson H, Nelson R, Ogburn RW, Perera TA, Pyle M, Ramberg E, Rau W, Reisetter A, Ross RR, Sadoulet B, Sander J, Savage C, Schnee RW, Seitz DN, Serfass B, Sundqvist KM, Thompson JPF, Wang G, Yellin S, Yoo J, Young BA. Limits on spin-independent interactions of weakly interacting massive particles with nucleons from the two-tower run of the cryogenic dark matter search. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 96:011302. [PMID: 16486434 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.011302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We report new results from the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS II) at the Soudan Underground Laboratory. Two towers, each consisting of six detectors, were operated for 74.5 live days, giving spectrum-weighted exposures of 34 (12) kg d for the Ge (Si) targets after cuts, averaged over recoil energies 10-100 keV for a weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) mass of 60 GeV/c2. A blind analysis was conducted, incorporating improved techniques for rejecting surface events. No WIMP signal exceeding expected backgrounds was observed. When combined with our previous results from Soudan, the 90% C.L. upper limit on the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross section is 1.6 x 10(-43) cm2 from Ge and 3 x 10(-42) cm2 from Si, for a WIMP mass of 60 GeV/c2. The combined limit from Ge (Si) is a factor of 2.5 (10) lower than our previous results and constrains predictions of supersymmetric models.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Akerib
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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Akerib DS, Alvaro-Dean J, Armel-Funkhouser MS, Attisha MJ, Baudis L, Bauer DA, Beaty J, Brink PL, Bunker R, Burke SP, Cabrera B, Caldwell DO, Callahan D, Castle JP, Chang CL, Choate R, Crisler MB, Cushman P, Dixon R, Dragowsky MR, Driscoll DD, Duong L, Emes J, Ferril R, Filippini J, Gaitskell RJ, Haldeman M, Hale D, Holmgren D, Huber ME, Johnson B, Johnson W, Kamat S, Kozlovsky M, Kula L, Kyre S, Lambin B, Lu A, Mahapatra R, Manalaysay AG, Mandic V, May J, McDonald R, Merkel B, Meunier P, Mirabolfathi N, Morrison S, Nelson H, Nelson R, Novak L, Ogburn RW, Orr S, Perera TA, Perillo Isaac MC, Ramberg E, Rau W, Reisetter A, Ross RR, Saab T, Sadoulet B, Sander J, Savage C, Schmitt RL, Schnee RW, Seitz DN, Serfass B, Smith A, Smith G, Spadafora AL, Sundqvist K, Thompson JPF, Tomada A, Wang G, Williams J, Yellin S, Young BA. First results from the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search in the Soudan Underground Laboratory. Phys Rev Lett 2004; 93:211301. [PMID: 15600991 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.211301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report the first results from a search for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) in the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search experiment at the Soudan Underground Laboratory. Four Ge and two Si detectors were operated for 52.6 live days, providing 19.4 kg d of Ge net exposure after cuts for recoil energies between 10 and 100 keV. A blind analysis was performed using only calibration data to define the energy threshold and selection criteria for nuclear-recoil candidates. Using the standard dark-matter halo and nuclear-physics WIMP model, these data set the world's lowest exclusion limits on the coherent WIMP-nucleon scalar cross section for all WIMP masses above 15 GeV/c2, ruling out a significant range of neutralino supersymmetric models. The minimum of this limit curve at the 90% C.L. is 4 x 10(-43) cm2 at a WIMP mass of 60 GeV/c2.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Akerib
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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21
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Bennett GW, Bousquet B, Brown HN, Bunce G, Carey RM, Cushman P, Danby GT, Debevec PT, Deile M, Deng H, Dhawan SK, Druzhinin VP, Duong L, Farley FJM, Fedotovich GV, Gray FE, Grigoriev D, Grosse-Perdekamp M, Grossmann A, Hare MF, Hertzog DW, Huang X, Hughes VW, Iwasaki M, Jungmann K, Kawall D, Khazin BI, Krienen F, Kronkvist I, Lam A, Larsen R, Lee YY, Logashenko I, McNabb R, Meng W, Miller JP, Morse WM, Nikas D, Onderwater CJG, Orlov Y, Ozben CS, Paley JM, Peng Q, Polly CC, Pretz J, Prigl R, Zu Putlitz G, Qian T, Redin SI, Rind O, Roberts BL, Ryskulov N, Semertzidis YK, Shagin P, Shatunov YM, Sichtermann EP, Solodov E, Sossong M, Sulak LR, Trofimov A, von Walter P, Yamamoto A. Measurement of the negative muon anomalous magnetic moment to 0.7 ppm. Phys Rev Lett 2004; 92:161802. [PMID: 15169217 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.161802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The anomalous magnetic moment of the negative muon has been measured to a precision of 0.7 ppm (ppm) at the Brookhaven Alternating Gradient Synchrotron. This result is based on data collected in 2001, and is over an order of magnitude more precise than the previous measurement for the negative muon. The result a(mu(-))=11 659 214(8)(3) x 10(-10) (0.7 ppm), where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic, is consistent with previous measurements of the anomaly for the positive and the negative muon. The average of the measurements of the muon anomaly is a(mu)(exp)=11 659 208(6) x 10(-10) (0.5 ppm).
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Bennett
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
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22
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Frost RL, Duong L, Martens W. Molecular assembly in secondary minerals - Raman spectroscopy of the arthurite group species arthurite and whitmoreite. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1127/0028-3649/2003/2003-0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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23
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Bennett GW, Bousquet B, Brown HN, Bunce G, Carey RM, Cushman P, Danby GT, Debevec PT, Deile M, Deng H, Deninger W, Dhawan SK, Druzhinin VP, Duong L, Efstathiadis E, Farley FJM, Fedotovich GV, Giron S, Gray FE, Grigoriev D, Grosse-Perdekamp M, Grossmann A, Hare MF, Hertzog DW, Huang X, Hughes VW, Iwasaki M, Jungmann K, Kawall D, Khazin BI, Kindem J, Krienen F, Kronkvist I, Lam A, Larsen R, Lee YY, Logashenko I, McNabb R, Meng W, Mi J, Miller JP, Morse WM, Nikas D, Onderwater CJG, Orlov Y, Ozben CS, Paley JM, Peng Q, Polly CC, Pretz J, Prigl R, Zu Putlitz G, Qian T, Redin SI, Rind O, Roberts BL, Ryskulov N, Shagin P, Semertzidis YK, Shatunov YM, Sichtermann EP, Solodov E, Sossong M, Steinmetz A, Sulak LR, Trofimov A, Urner D, Von Walter P, Warburton D, Yamamoto A. Measurement of the positive muon anomalous magnetic moment to 0.7 ppm. Phys Rev Lett 2002; 89:101804. [PMID: 12225185 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.89.101804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2002] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A higher precision measurement of the anomalous g value, a(mu)=(g-2)/2, for the positive muon has been made at the Brookhaven Alternating Gradient Synchrotron, based on data collected in the year 2000. The result a(mu(+))=11 659 204(7)(5)x10(-10) (0.7 ppm) is in good agreement with previous measurements and has an error about one-half that of the combined previous data. The present world average experimental value is a(mu)(expt)=11 659 203(8)x10(-10) (0.7 ppm).
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Bennett
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
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Ruan HD, Frost RL, Kloprogge JT, Duong L. Infrared spectroscopy of goethite dehydroxylation: III. FT-IR microscopy of in situ study of the thermal transformation of goethite to hematite. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2002; 58:967-981. [PMID: 11942403 DOI: 10.1016/s1386-1425(01)00574-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Fourier transform infrared microscopy has been used to investigate in situ dehydroxylation of goethite to form hematite. The characterisation was based on the behaviour of hydroxyl units, which were observed in the hydroxyl stretching and hydroxyl deformation and water bending regions, and the Fe-O vibrations of the newly formed hematite during the thermal dehydroxylation process. Two hydroxyl stretching modes (v1 and v2), and three bending (V(bending-1, 2, 3)) and two deformation (V(deformation-1, 2)) modes were observed for goethite. The characteristic vibration at 916 cm(-1) was observed together with the residuals of the v1 and v2 bands in hematite spectrum. The structural transformation between goethite and hematite through thermal dehydroxylation was interpreted in order to provide criteria that can be used for the characterisation of thermally activated bauxite and their conversion to activated alumina phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- H D Ruan
- Centre for Instrumental and Developmental Chemistry, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
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Ruan HD, Frost RL, Kloprogge JT, Duong L. Infrared spectroscopy of goethite dehydroxylation. II. Effect of aluminium substitution on the behaviour of hydroxyl units. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2002; 58:479-491. [PMID: 11905533 DOI: 10.1016/s1386-1425(01)00556-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Dehydroxylation of goethite as affected by aluminium substitution was investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) in conjunction with X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermogravimetric analysis (DTGA). The band intensities of hydroxyl vibrations were indicative of the degree of dehydroxylation and the changes in band parameters due to aluminium substitution were observed. The effect of aluminium substitution on band parameters of FT-IR spectra of goethite and its partially and fully dehydroxylated products, the mixture of goethite/hematite and hematite, were interpreted. The results of this study have confirmed that aluminium substituted goethite is thermally more stable than non-substituted goethite and is in harmony with the results of XRD and DTGA. A larger amount of non-stoichiometric hydroxyl units is associated with a higher aluminium substitution. A shift to a higher wavenumber of bending and hydroxyl stretching vibrations is attributed to the effects of aluminium substitution associated with non-stoichiometric hydroxyl units on the a-b plane relative to the b-c plane of goethite. The results provide information for the characterisation of activated bauxite containing hematite and goethite.
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Affiliation(s)
- H D Ruan
- Centre for Instrumental and Developmental Chemistry, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
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Abstract
Far-infrared spectroscopy (FIR) has been used to distinguish alumina phases boehmite, diaspore, gibbsite and bayerite. The pellets of samples were prepared by mixing alumina phases with polyethylene at a ratio of 1:50, and the spectra were recorded between 50 and 400 cm(-1). The spectrum of boehmite resembles that of diaspore in the 300-400 cm(-1) region. Boehmite has two characteristic FIR bands at 366 and 323 cm(-1), while diaspore has five at 354, 331, 250, 199 and 158 cm(-1). The spectrum of gibbsite resembles that of bayerite in the 230-300 cm(-1) region. Gibbsite shows three characteristic FIR bands at 371, 279 and 246 cm(-1), whereas bayerite shows six at 383, 345, 326, 296, 252 and 62 cm(-1). The overlapping bands were resolved, and the spectra were manipulated appropriately using band analysis techniques. The FIR spectra are in harmony with the FT-Raman spectra. Far-infrared spectroscopy allows the study and differentiation of the stretching of AlO4 units to characterize these four alumina phases. Far-IR spectroscopy complements the mid-IR and near-IR for distinguishing alumina phases in bauxites.
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Affiliation(s)
- H D Ruan
- Centre for Instrumental and Developmental Chemistry, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
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Brown HN, Bunce G, Carey RM, Cushman P, Danby GT, Debevec PT, Deile M, Deng H, Deninger W, Dhawan SK, Druzhinin VP, Duong L, Efstathiadis E, Farley FJ, Fedotovich GV, Giron S, Gray F, Grigoriev D, Grosse-Perdekamp M, Grossmann A, Hare MF, Hertzog DW, Hughes VW, Iwasaki M, Jungmann K, Kawall D, Kawamura M, Khazin BI, Kindem J, Krienen F, Kronkvist I, Larsen R, Lee YY, Logashenko I, McNabb R, Meng W, Mi J, Miller JP, Morse WM, Nikas D, Onderwater CJ, Orlov Y, Ozben CS, Paley JM, Polly C, Pretz J, Prigl R, zu Putlitz G, Redin SI, Rind O, Roberts BL, Ryskulov N, Sedykh S, Semertzidis YK, Shatunov YM, Sichtermann EP, Solodov E, Sossong M, Steinmetz A, Sulak LR, Timmermans C, Trofimov A, Urner D, von Walter P, Warburton D, Winn D, Yamamoto A, Zimmerman D. Precise measurement of the positive muon anomalous magnetic moment. Phys Rev Lett 2001; 86:2227-2231. [PMID: 11289896 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.86.2227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A precise measurement of the anomalous g value, a(mu) = (g-2)/2, for the positive muon has been made at the Brookhaven Alternating Gradient Synchrotron. The result a(mu+) = 11 659 202(14) (6) x 10(-10) (1.3 ppm) is in good agreement with previous measurements and has an error one third that of the combined previous data. The current theoretical value from the standard model is a(mu)(SM) = 11 659 159.6(6.7) x 10(-10) (0.57 ppm) and a(mu)(exp) - a(mu)(SM) = 43(16) x 10(-10) in which a(mu)(exp) is the world average experimental value.
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Affiliation(s)
- H N Brown
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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Masarachia P, Yamamoto M, Leu CT, Rodan G, Duong L. Histomorphometric evidence for echistatin inhibition of bone resorption in mice with secondary hyperparathyroidism. Endocrinology 1998; 139:1401-10. [PMID: 9492077 DOI: 10.1210/endo.139.3.5828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Echistatin, an RGD-containing peptide, was shown to inhibit the acute calcemic response to exogenous PTH or PTH-related protein (PTH-rP) in thyroparathyroidectomized rats, suggesting that echistatin inhibits bone resorption. In this study: 1) we present histological evidence for echistatin inhibition of bone resorption in mice with secondary hyperparathyroidism, and show that 2) echistatin binds to osteoclasts in vivo, 3) increases osteoclast number, and 4) does not detectably alter osteoclast morphology. Infusion of echistatin (30 microg/kg x min) for 3 days prevented the 2.6-fold increase in tibial cancellous bone turnover and the 36% loss in bone volume, produced by a low calcium diet. At the light microscopy level, echistatin immunolocalized to osteoclasts and megakaryocytes. Echistatin treatment increased osteoclast-covered bone surface by about 50%. At the ultrastructural level, these osteoclasts appeared normal, and the fraction of cells containing ruffled borders and clear zones was similar to controls. Echistatin was found on the basolateral membrane and in intracellular vesicles of actively resorbing osteoclasts. Weak labeling was found in the ruffled border, and no immunoreactivity was detected at the clear zone/bone surface interface. These findings provide histological evidence for echistatin binding to osteoclasts and for inhibition of bone resorption in vivo, through reduced osteoclast efficacy, without apparent changes in osteoclast morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Masarachia
- Department of Bone Biology and Osteoporosis Research, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA.
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Pollard HB, Ornberg R, Levine M, Kelner K, Morita K, Levine R, Forsberg E, Brocklehurst KW, Duong L, Lelkes PI. Hormone secretion by exocytosis with emphasis on information from the chromaffin cell system. Vitam Horm 1985; 42:109-96. [PMID: 3913120 DOI: 10.1016/s0083-6729(08)60062-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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