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Ceravolo IP, Leoni LF, Krettli AU, Murta SMF, Resende DDM, Cruz MGFDML, Varejão JOS, Mendes LL, Varejão EVV, Kohlhoff M. Novel 2,5-Diketopiperazines with In Vitro Activities against Protozoan Parasites of Tropical Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:223. [PMID: 38399438 PMCID: PMC10893061 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Malaria, Chagas disease, and leishmaniasis are tropical diseases caused by protozoan parasites of the genera Plasmodium, Trypanosoma and Leishmania, respectively. These diseases constitute a major burden on public health in several regions worldwide, mainly affecting low-income populations in economically poor countries. Severe side effects of currently available drug treatments and the emergence of resistant parasites need to be addressed by the development of novel drug candidates. Natural 2,5-Diketopiperazines (2,5-DKPs) constitute N-heterocyclic secondary metabolites with a wide range of biological activities of medicinal interest. Its structural and physicochemical properties make the 2,5-DKP ring a versatile, peptide-like, and stable pharmacophore attractive for synthetic drug design. In the present work, twenty-three novel synthetic 2,5-DKPs, previously synthesized through the versatile Ugi multicomponent reaction, were assayed for their anti-protozoal activities against P. falciparum, T. cruzi, and L. infantum. Some of the 2,5-DKPs have shown promising activities against the target protozoans, with inhibitory concentrations (IC50) ranging from 5.4 to 9.5 µg/mL. The most active compounds also show low cytotoxicity (CC50), affording selectivity indices ≥ 15. Results allowed for observing a clear relationship between the substitution pattern at the aromatic rings of the 2,5-DKPs and their corresponding anti-Plasmodium activity. Finally, calculated drug-like properties of the compounds revealed points for further structure optimization of promising drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela P. Ceravolo
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, René Rachou Institute (IRR), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Brazil; (I.P.C.); (L.F.L.); (A.U.K.)
| | - Letícia F. Leoni
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, René Rachou Institute (IRR), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Brazil; (I.P.C.); (L.F.L.); (A.U.K.)
| | - Antoniana U. Krettli
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, René Rachou Institute (IRR), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Brazil; (I.P.C.); (L.F.L.); (A.U.K.)
| | - Silvane M. F. Murta
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics of Parasites, René Rachou Institute (IRR), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Brazil; (S.M.F.M.); (D.d.M.R.); (M.G.F.d.M.L.C.)
| | - Daniela de M. Resende
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics of Parasites, René Rachou Institute (IRR), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Brazil; (S.M.F.M.); (D.d.M.R.); (M.G.F.d.M.L.C.)
| | - Mariza G. F. de M. L. Cruz
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics of Parasites, René Rachou Institute (IRR), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Brazil; (S.M.F.M.); (D.d.M.R.); (M.G.F.d.M.L.C.)
| | - Jodieh O. S. Varejão
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry Studies and Organic Synthesis, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Av. PH Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil; (J.O.S.V.); (L.L.M.); (E.V.V.V.)
| | - Lorena L. Mendes
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry Studies and Organic Synthesis, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Av. PH Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil; (J.O.S.V.); (L.L.M.); (E.V.V.V.)
| | - Eduardo V. V. Varejão
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry Studies and Organic Synthesis, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Av. PH Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil; (J.O.S.V.); (L.L.M.); (E.V.V.V.)
| | - Markus Kohlhoff
- Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Chemistry, René Rachou Institute (IRR), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Brazil
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Mendes LL, Varejão JOS, de Souza JA, Carneiro JWDM, Valdo AKSM, Martins FT, Ferreira BW, Barreto RW, da Silva TI, Kohlhoff M, Pilau EJ, V Varejão EV. 2,5-Diketopiperazines via Intramolecular N-Alkylation of Ugi Adducts: A Contribution to the Synthesis, Density Functional Theory Study, X-ray Characterization, and Potential Herbicide Application. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:1799-1809. [PMID: 35130436 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the herbicidal potential of 2,5-diketopiperazines (2,5-DKPs), we applied a known protocol to produce a series of 2,5-DKPs through intramolecular N-alkylation of Ugi adducts. However, the method was not successful for the cyclization of adducts presenting aromatic rings with some substituents at the ortho position. Results from DFT calculations showed that the presence of voluminous groups at the ortho position of a benzene ring results in destabilization of the transition structure. Lower activation enthalpies for the SN2-type cyclization of Ugi adducts were obtained when bromine, instead of a chlorine anion, is the leaving group, indicating that the activation enthalpy for the cyclization step controls the formation of the 2,5-DKP. Some Ugi adducts and 2,5-DKPs formed crystals with suitable qualities for single-crystal X-ray diffraction data collection. Phytotoxic damage of some 2,5-DKPs on leaves of the weed Euphorbia heterophylla did not differ from those caused by the commercial herbicide diquat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena L Mendes
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av PH Rolfs sn, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36.570-900, Brazil
| | - Jodieh O S Varejão
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av PH Rolfs sn, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36.570-900, Brazil
| | - José Antônio de Souza
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Química, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, Bairro Ininga, Teresina, Piauí 64049-550, Brazil
| | - José Walkimar de M Carneiro
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista s/n, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro 24020-141, Brazil
| | - Ana K S M Valdo
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Av Esperança, sn, Samambaia, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Felipe T Martins
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Av Esperança, sn, Samambaia, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Bruno W Ferreira
- Department of Phytopathology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av PH Rolfs sn, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Robert W Barreto
- Department of Phytopathology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av PH Rolfs sn, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Toshik I da Silva
- Department of Agronomy, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av PH Rolfs sn, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Markus Kohlhoff
- Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais Bioativos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto René Rachou, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30190-009, Brazil
| | - Eduardo J Pilau
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Campus Universitário, Maringá, Paraná 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Eduardo V V Varejão
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av PH Rolfs sn, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36.570-900, Brazil
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Faria APV, da Silva TPR, Duarte CK, Mendes LL, Santos FBO, Matozinhos FP. Tetanus vaccination in pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the global literature. Public Health 2021; 196:43-51. [PMID: 34144334 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2021.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the effect of several factors on the uptake of tetanus vaccination in pregnant women. STUDY DESIGN This is a systematic review and meta-analysis of the global literature. METHODS The search strategy was carried out in the EMBASE and MEDLINE (Pubmed) databases, without language restrictions. The databases were searched from the beginning until May 2020. Fixed and random effect models were applied according to the methodological heterogeneity between the included studies. The I2 test was performed to assess the magnitude of the heterogeneity. The results were presented as a grouped odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS The initial search strategy generated 14,349 original articles. In total, 31 studies met all inclusion criteria and 20 articles were included in the meta-analysis. The grouped and subgroup analyses showed a significant association between tetanus vaccination and the following factors: higher number of prenatal visits (OR: 2.00; 95% CI: 1.17-3.42), higher maternal age (OR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.02-1.50), being single (OR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.20-1.65), professional vaccine guidance (OR: 9.00; 95% CI: 1.81-44.75) and uptake of influenza vaccine (OR: 5.87; 95% CI: 1.39-24.73). CONCLUSIONS The uptake of tetanus vaccine in pregnant women is associated with various factors. The identification of these factors is an important step towards the implementation of public health strategies aimed at improving immunisation against tetanus in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P V Faria
- Post-graduate Program, School of Nursing, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - T P R da Silva
- Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - C K Duarte
- Department of Nutrition, School of Nursing, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - L L Mendes
- Department of Nutrition, School of Nursing, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - F B O Santos
- Department of Basic Nursing, School of Nursing, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - F P Matozinhos
- Department of Maternal Nursing and Public Health, School of Nursing, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Matozinhos FP, Gomes CS, Mendes LL, Pessoa MC, Velasquez-Melendez G. Association between environmental factors and individual factors with obesity in Brazilian adults. Eur J Public Health 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckv175.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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