1
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Geukens T, Maetens M, Hooper JE, Oesterreich S, Lee AV, Miller L, Atkinson JM, Rosenzweig M, Puhalla S, Thorne H, Devereux L, Bowtell D, Loi S, Bacon ER, Ihle K, Song M, Rodriguez-Rodriguez L, Welm AL, Gauchay L, Murali R, Chanda P, Karacay A, Naceur-Lombardelli C, Bridger H, Swanton C, Jamal-Hanjani M, Kollath L, True L, Morrissey C, Chambers M, Chinnaiyan AM, Wilson A, Mehra R, Reichert Z, Carey LA, Perou CM, Kelly E, Maeda D, Goto A, Kulka J, Székely B, Szasz AM, Tőkés AM, Van Den Bogaert W, Floris G, Desmedt C. Research autopsy programmes in oncology: shared experience from 14 centres across the world. J Pathol 2024; 263:150-165. [PMID: 38551513 DOI: 10.1002/path.6271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
While there is a great clinical need to understand the biology of metastatic cancer in order to treat it more effectively, research is hampered by limited sample availability. Research autopsy programmes can crucially advance the field through synchronous, extensive, and high-volume sample collection. However, it remains an underused strategy in translational research. Via an extensive questionnaire, we collected information on the study design, enrolment strategy, study conduct, sample and data management, and challenges and opportunities of research autopsy programmes in oncology worldwide. Fourteen programmes participated in this study. Eight programmes operated 24 h/7 days, resulting in a lower median postmortem interval (time between death and start of the autopsy, 4 h) compared with those operating during working hours (9 h). Most programmes (n = 10) succeeded in collecting all samples within a median of 12 h after death. A large number of tumour sites were sampled during each autopsy (median 15.5 per patient). The median number of samples collected per patient was 58, including different processing methods for tumour samples but also non-tumour tissues and liquid biopsies. Unique biological insights derived from these samples included metastatic progression, treatment resistance, disease heterogeneity, tumour dormancy, interactions with the tumour micro-environment, and tumour representation in liquid biopsies. Tumour patient-derived xenograft (PDX) or organoid (PDO) models were additionally established, allowing for drug discovery and treatment sensitivity assays. Apart from the opportunities and achievements, we also present the challenges related with postmortem sample collections and strategies to overcome them, based on the shared experience of these 14 programmes. Through this work, we hope to increase the transparency of postmortem tissue donation, to encourage and aid the creation of new programmes, and to foster collaborations on these unique sample collections. © 2024 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Geukens
- Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marion Maetens
- Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jody E Hooper
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Steffi Oesterreich
- University of Pittsburgh UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, and Magee Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Adrian V Lee
- University of Pittsburgh UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, and Magee Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lori Miller
- University of Pittsburgh UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, and Magee Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jenny M Atkinson
- University of Pittsburgh UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, and Magee Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Margaret Rosenzweig
- University of Pittsburgh UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, and Magee Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shannon Puhalla
- University of Pittsburgh UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, and Magee Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Heather Thorne
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Lisa Devereux
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | | | - Sherene Loi
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Eliza R Bacon
- Center for Precision Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Kena Ihle
- Center for Precision Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Mihae Song
- Center for Precision Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | | | - Alana L Welm
- University of Utah Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Lisa Gauchay
- University of Utah Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Pharto Chanda
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ali Karacay
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Hayley Bridger
- Cancer Research UK, and UCL Cancer Trials Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Charles Swanton
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Department of Medical Oncology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Mariam Jamal-Hanjani
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Department of Medical Oncology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
- Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lisa A Carey
- University of North Carolina, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Charles M Perou
- University of North Carolina, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Erin Kelly
- University of North Carolina, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Daichi Maeda
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Akiteru Goto
- Department of Cellular and Organ Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Janina Kulka
- Department of Pathology, Forensic and Insurance Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Borbála Székely
- Department of Pathology, Forensic and Insurance Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - A Marcell Szasz
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna-Mária Tőkés
- Department of Pathology, Forensic and Insurance Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Giuseppe Floris
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christine Desmedt
- Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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2
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Schuster SL, Arora S, Wladyka CL, Itagi P, Corey L, Young D, Stackhouse BL, Kollath L, Wu QV, Corey E, True LD, Ha G, Paddison PJ, Hsieh AC. Multi-level functional genomics reveals molecular and cellular oncogenicity of patient-based 3' untranslated region mutations. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112840. [PMID: 37516102 PMCID: PMC10540565 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
3' untranslated region (3' UTR) somatic mutations represent a largely unexplored avenue of alternative oncogenic gene dysregulation. To determine the significance of 3' UTR mutations in disease, we identify 3' UTR somatic variants across 185 advanced prostate tumors, discovering 14,497 single-nucleotide mutations enriched in oncogenic pathways and 3' UTR regulatory elements. By developing two complementary massively parallel reporter assays, we measure how thousands of patient-based mutations affect mRNA translation and stability and identify hundreds of functional variants that allow us to define determinants of mutation significance. We demonstrate the clinical relevance of these mutations, observing that CRISPR-Cas9 endogenous editing of distinct variants increases cellular stress resistance and that patients harboring oncogenic 3' UTR mutations have a particularly poor prognosis. This work represents an expansive view of the extent to which disease-relevant 3' UTR mutations affect mRNA stability, translation, and cancer progression, uncovering principles of regulatory functionality and potential therapeutic targets in previously unexplored regulatory regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Schuster
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Sonali Arora
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Cynthia L Wladyka
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Pushpa Itagi
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Lukas Corey
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Dave Young
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Lori Kollath
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Qian V Wu
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Eva Corey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lawrence D True
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Gavin Ha
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Patrick J Paddison
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Andrew C Hsieh
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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3
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Sayar E, Patel RA, Coleman IM, Roudier MP, Zhang A, Mustafi P, Low JY, Hanratty B, Ang LS, Bhatia V, Adil M, Bakbak H, Quigley DA, Schweizer MT, Hawley JE, Kollath L, True LD, Feng FY, Bander NH, Corey E, Lee JK, Morrissey C, Gulati R, Nelson PS, Haffner MC. Reversible epigenetic alterations mediate PSMA expression heterogeneity in advanced metastatic prostate cancer. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e162907. [PMID: 36821396 PMCID: PMC10132157 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.162907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is an important cell surface target in prostate cancer. There are limited data on the heterogeneity of PSMA tissue expression in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Furthermore, the mechanisms regulating PSMA expression (encoded by the FOLH1 gene) are not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that PSMA expression is heterogeneous across different metastatic sites and molecular subtypes of mCRPC. In a rapid autopsy cohort in which multiple metastatic sites per patient were sampled, we found that 13 of 52 (25%) cases had no detectable PSMA and 23 of 52 (44%) cases showed heterogeneous PSMA expression across individual metastases, with 33 (63%) cases harboring at least 1 PSMA-negative site. PSMA-negative tumors displayed distinct transcriptional profiles with expression of druggable targets such as MUC1. Loss of PSMA was associated with epigenetic changes of the FOLH1 locus, including gain of CpG methylation and loss of histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27) acetylation. Treatment with histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors reversed this epigenetic repression and restored PSMA expression in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, these data provide insights into the expression patterns and regulation of PSMA in mCRPC and suggest that epigenetic therapies - in particular, HDAC inhibitors - can be used to augment PSMA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erolcan Sayar
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Radhika A. Patel
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ilsa M. Coleman
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Martine P. Roudier
- Department of Urology, University of Washington (UW), Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ailin Zhang
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Pallabi Mustafi
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jin-Yih Low
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Brian Hanratty
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lisa S. Ang
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Vipul Bhatia
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mohamed Adil
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Hasim Bakbak
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - David A. Quigley
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael T. Schweizer
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, UW, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jessica E. Hawley
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, UW, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lori Kollath
- Department of Urology, University of Washington (UW), Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lawrence D. True
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, UW, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Felix Y. Feng
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Neil H. Bander
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Eva Corey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington (UW), Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - John K. Lee
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Colm Morrissey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington (UW), Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Roman Gulati
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Peter S. Nelson
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Washington (UW), Seattle, Washington, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, UW, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, UW, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael C. Haffner
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, UW, Seattle, Washington, USA
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4
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Labrecque MP, Coleman IM, Brown LG, True LD, Kollath L, Lakely B, Nguyen HM, Yang YC, da Costa RMG, Kaipainen A, Coleman R, Higano CS, Yu EY, Cheng HH, Mostaghel EA, Montgomery B, Schweizer MT, Hsieh AC, Lin DW, Corey E, Nelson PS, Morrissey C. Molecular profiling stratifies diverse phenotypes of treatment-refractory metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:4492-4505. [PMID: 31361600 DOI: 10.1172/jci128212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is a heterogeneous disease with diverse drivers of disease progression and mechanisms of therapeutic resistance. We conducted deep phenotypic characterization of CRPC metastases and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) lines using whole genome RNA sequencing, gene set enrichment analysis and immunohistochemistry. Our analyses revealed five mCRPC phenotypes based on the expression of well-characterized androgen receptor (AR) or neuroendocrine (NE) genes: (i) AR-high tumors (ARPC), (ii) AR-low tumors (ARLPC), (iii) amphicrine tumors composed of cells co-expressing AR and NE genes (AMPC), (iv) double-negative tumors (i.e. AR-/NE-; DNPC) and (v) tumors with small cell or NE gene expression without AR activity (SCNPC). RE1-silencing transcription factor (REST) activity, which suppresses NE gene expression, was lost in AMPC and SCNPC PDX models. However, knockdown of REST in cell lines revealed that attenuated REST activity drives the AMPC phenotype but is not sufficient for SCNPC conversion. We also identified a subtype of DNPC tumors with squamous differentiation and generated an encompassing 26-gene transcriptional signature that distinguished the five mCRPC phenotypes. Together, our data highlight the central role of AR and REST in classifying treatment-resistant mCRPC phenotypes. These molecular classifications could potentially guide future therapeutic studies and clinical trial design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Labrecque
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ilsa M Coleman
- Divison of Human Biology and.,Divison of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lisha G Brown
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Lori Kollath
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Bryce Lakely
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Holly M Nguyen
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Yu C Yang
- Divison of Human Biology and.,Divison of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Rui M Gil da Costa
- Divison of Human Biology and.,Divison of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Arja Kaipainen
- Divison of Human Biology and.,Divison of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Roger Coleman
- Divison of Human Biology and.,Divison of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Celestia S Higano
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Evan Y Yu
- Divison of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Heather H Cheng
- Divison of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Elahe A Mostaghel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Bruce Montgomery
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael T Schweizer
- Divison of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Andrew C Hsieh
- Divison of Human Biology and.,Divison of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Daniel W Lin
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Eva Corey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Peter S Nelson
- Divison of Human Biology and.,Divison of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Colm Morrissey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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5
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Labrecque MP, Coleman IM, Brown LG, Lakely B, Kollath L, Lin DW, True LD, Corey E, Nelson PS, Morrissey C. Abstract 4392: Pre-mRNA splicing factors promote cellular plasticity in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-4392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is a heterogeneous disease with poorly understood drivers of disease progression. We recently characterized five mCRPC phenotypes, including an amphicrine phenotype that co-expresses androgen receptor (AR) and neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) biomarkers. We determined that loss of RE1-silencing transcription factor (REST), a master regulator of neuronal differentiation, drives the amphicrine phenotype, but is not sufficient for prostate cancer (PC) adenocarcinoma to NEPC conversion. Furthermore, loss of REST through SRRM4-mediated splicing of REST pre-mRNA to REST4 has been suggested to drive adenocarcinoma to NEPC conversion. However, the roles of pre-mRNA splicing factors and REST activity in lineage switching require further investigation.
Methods: Transcriptomic (RNASeq) and immunohistochemical/immunofluorescent analysis (IHC and IF) were conducted on amphicrine and NEPC patient metastases, LuCaP patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models and modified CRPC cell lines. The roles of SRRM3 and SRRM4 were examined using overexpression studies in AR-expressing and AR-null CRPC cell lines.
Results: RNASeq, IHC and IF of metastatic specimens, LuCaP PDX models and VCaP cells confirmed the existence of the amphicrine phenotype in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, transcriptome analysis of amphicrine patient specimens and LuCaP 77CR revealed that loss of REST repressor activity occurred without SRRM4 expression in a subset of tumor specimens. Indeed, BaseScope analysis using primers specific to REST4 and SRRM4 verified that amphicrine 77CR tumors were positive for REST4 expression but negative for SRRM4 expression, suggesting an alternative mechanism of REST splicing. Notably, overexpression of SRRM4 in AR-expressing C4-2B and AR-null PC-3 cells did not induce REST splicing. Moreover, RNASeq of SRRM4-overexpressing cells displayed heterogeneous transcriptome profiles inconsistent with canonical amphicrine or NEPC gene expression profiles. Interestingly, SRRM3 transcript was expressed at high levels in amphicrine and NEPC patient and LuCaP PDX biospecimens that lacked SRRM4 expression, suggesting an SRRM3-mediated mechanism of REST splicing. Studies interrogating the roles of SRRM3 in REST splicing and CRPC cellular plasticity are ongoing.
Conclusions: Our data highlights an unrecognized mechanism of adenocarcinoma to amphicrine or NEPC conversion that hinges on a SRRM3-REST regulatory axis rather than REST-loss or SRRM4-mediated REST splicing. Identifying the mechanisms that may convert adenocarcinoma to treatment-resistant amphicrine or NEPC phenotypes in mCRPC patients will inform treatment and identify potential molecular pathways for therapeutic intervention.
Citation Format: Mark P. Labrecque, Ilsa M. Coleman, Lisha G. Brown, Bryce Lakely, Lori Kollath, Daniel W. Lin, Lawrence D. True, Eva Corey, Peter S. Nelson, Colm Morrissey. Pre-mRNA splicing factors promote cellular plasticity in castration-resistant prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4392.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eva Corey
- 1University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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6
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Winters BR, De Sarkar N, Arora S, Bolouri H, Jana S, Vakar-Lopez F, Cheng HH, Schweizer MT, Yu EY, Grivas P, Lee JK, Kollath L, Holt SK, McFerrin L, Ha G, Nelson PS, Montgomery RB, Wright JL, Lam HM, Hsieh AC. Genomic distinctions between metastatic lower and upper tract urothelial carcinoma revealed through rapid autopsy. JCI Insight 2019; 5:128728. [PMID: 31145100 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.128728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the genomic differences between metastatic urothelial carcinoma (LTUC) and upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). We compare genomic features of primary and metastatic UTUC and LTUC tumors in a cohort of patients with end stage disease. METHODS We performed whole exome sequencing on matched primary and metastatic tumor samples (N=37) from 7 patients with metastatic UC collected via rapid autopsy. Inter- and intra-patient mutational burden, mutational signatures, predicted deleterious mutations, and somatic copy alterations (sCNV) were analyzed. RESULTS We investigated 3 patients with UTUC (3 primary samples, 13 metastases) and 4 patients with LTUC (4 primary samples, 17 metastases). We found that sSNV burden was higher in metastatic LTUC compared to UTUC. Moreover, the APOBEC mutational signature was pervasive in metastatic LTUC and less so in UTUC. Despite a lower overall sSNV burden, UTUC displayed greater inter- and intra-individual genomic distances at the copy number level between primary and metastatic tumors than LTUC. Our data also indicate that metastatic UTUC lesions can arise from small clonal populations present in the primary cancer. Importantly, putative druggable mutations were found across patients with the majority shared across all metastases within a patient. CONCLUSIONS Metastatic UTUC demonstrated a lower overall mutational burden but greater structural variability compared to LTUC. Our findings suggest that metastatic UTUC displays a greater spectrum of copy number divergence from LTUC. Importantly, we identified druggable lesions shared across metastatic samples, which demonstrate a level of targetable homogeneity within individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Navonil De Sarkar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sonali Arora
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Hamid Bolouri
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sujata Jana
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Funda Vakar-Lopez
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Heather H Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael T Schweizer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Evan Y Yu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Petros Grivas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - John K Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | - Lisa McFerrin
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Gavin Ha
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Peter S Nelson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Robert B Montgomery
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jonathan L Wright
- Department of Urology and.,Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Hung-Ming Lam
- Department of Urology and.,Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (SAR), China
| | - Andrew C Hsieh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Winters B, De Sarkar N, Arora S, Bolouri H, Vakar-Lopez, MD F, Cheng HH, Yu EY, Kollath L, Grivas P, McFerrin L, Montgomery RB, Wright J, Lam HM, Hsieh AC. Distinct genomic hallmarks exist between metastatic upper and lower tract urothelial carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2019.37.7_suppl.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
371 Background: Although the genomic landscape of LTUC is well studied, less is known about UTUC, including in the metastatic sites. We compared genomic features of metastatic UTUC and LTUC. Methods: We performed whole exome sequencing on 7 rapid autopsy patients with metastatic UC, with matched primary and metastatic tumor samples (N = 37). Single nucleotide variants (SNV) were identified using Mutect and Strelka. Focused analyses were performed on mutations with known significance in UC as well as mutations predicted to have functional impact using 11 mutation assessors. Genome scale copy number aberrations (CNA) were estimated using Sequenza (normalized for ploidy) to derive gene definition restricted copy number estimation outcomes. Multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) was used to visualize how copy number and mutation-derived genomic distances differed between LTUC and UTUC. Results: Three pts with UTUC (3 primary samples, 13 metastases) and four pts with LTUC (4 primary samples, 17 metastases) were examined. The majority of patients were male (5) and received cisplatin-based therapy (5). We found that SNV burden (mean mutation per megabase) was significantly higher in LTUC vs. UTUC overall (6.6 vs. 3.8, p = 0.001) and when stratified by primaries (6.1 vs. 2.9, p = 0.047); or metastases (6.7 vs. 4.1, p = 0.001). Mutational signature analysis revealed higher proportion of APOBEC signature in all LTUC vs. UTUC tumors. Both inter- and intra-individual genomic distances between primary and metastatic tissues were substantially larger in UTUC than LTUC, suggesting a wider spectrum of mutations at the level of individual nucleotides and chromosomal structure. Interestingly, Gene definition-restricted CNA analysis revealed MDM2 amplification exclusively in UTUC tumors which was associated with shallow p53 deletion. Conclusions: Metastatic UTUC appears to have a lower overall mutational burden but greater genomic variability compared to LTUC. Our relatively small dataset suggests that metastatic UTUC displays a greater spectrum of mutational divergence from LTUC which may partially explain differences in clinical behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Winters
- Department of Urology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Sonali Arora
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
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Labrecque MP, Brown LG, Coleman IM, True LD, Kollath L, Lakely B, Yang YC, Nguyen HM, Corey E, Nelson PS, Morrissey C. Abstract 1092: Defining the molecular phenotypes of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer sensitive to FGF pathway inhibition. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-1092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Widespread and long-term use of first-and second-line androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) is changing the molecular and phenotypic landscapes of prostate cancer. Observations made through our longstanding rapid autopsy and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) programs at the University of Washington support a shift in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) towards androgen receptor (AR)-null phenotypes, such as neuroendocrine (NEPC) and double negative (DNPC). Currently, there are no effective therapies for AR-null mCRPC. We showed previously that DNPC (AR-null, NE-null) bypasses AR-dependence through fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling. However, the role of the FGF pathway in other molecular mCRPC subtypes remains to be determined.
Methods and Results: Here, we define four mCRPC subtypes that can be categorized by the presence or absence of functioning AR or RE1-silencing transcription factor (REST). Transcriptomic analysis of mCRPC specimens showed that AR and REST activity define four emerging mCRPC phenotypes: adenocarcinoma (AR+/REST+), amphicrine (tumor cells that co-express AR and NE markers, AR+/REST-), DNPC (AR-/REST+) and NEPC (AR-/REST-). Immunohistochemistry of mCRPC and PDX models for AR, prostate specific antigen, synaptophysin, chromogranin, and other clinically relevant markers accurately reflected the AR/REST transcriptomic signature classifications. Furthermore, loss of REST activity can, at least in part, be attributed to alternative splicing of REST mRNA by serine/arginine repetitive matrix protein 4 (SRRM4), leading to the translation of a truncated REST protein. PCR analysis of mCRPC identified the REST splice variant exclusively in amphicrine and NEPC specimens. RNA sequencing/GSEA, qPCR and immunoblot analyses determined that overexpression of SRRM4 or siRNA knockdown of REST in C4-2B (AR+) and PC-3 (AR-) prostate cancer cells promotes expression of neuroendocrine markers. Finally, we are conducting preclinical testing of the FGFR inhibitor CH5183284 in multiple PDX models representing the four mCRPC subtypes described above to delineate the impact of FGF pathway inhibition in all mCRPC subtypes.
Conclusions: Our data highlight the importance of AR and REST transcriptional programs in maintaining phenotypic stability in mCRPC and explain the phenotypic heterogeneity of mCRPC in the post-abiraterone/enzalutamide era. Understanding the mCRPC subtypes that depend on the FGF pathway for survival and proliferation will inform treatment and lead to the development of novel therapies for advanced disease.
Citation Format: Mark P. Labrecque, Lisha G. Brown, Ilsa M. Coleman, Lawrence D. True, Lori Kollath, Bryce Lakely, Yu C. Yang, Holly M. Nguyen, Eva Corey, Peter S. Nelson, Colm Morrissey. Defining the molecular phenotypes of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer sensitive to FGF pathway inhibition [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1092.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yu C. Yang
- 2Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Eva Corey
- 1University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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9
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Winters B, Brown L, Coleman I, Nguyen H, Minas TZ, Kollath L, Vasioukhin V, Nelson P, Corey E, Üren A, Morrissey C. Inhibition of ERG Activity in Patient-derived Prostate Cancer Xenografts by YK-4-279. Anticancer Res 2017; 37:3385-3396. [PMID: 28668826 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.11705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The aim of the current study was to determine the effects of the ERG small-molecule inhibitor YK-4-279 on ERG+ prostate cancer patient-derived xenografts (PDX). MATERIALS AND METHODS ERG activity was blocked using YK-4-279 in three subcutaneously-implanted ERG+ (LuCaP 23.1, 86.2 and 35) and one ERG- (LuCaP 96) PDX. Treated animals tumor volume (TV), body weight (BW) and serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were compared to vehicle-treated control animals. Gene expression, proliferation, apoptosis, microvessel density and ERG expression were also assessed. RESULTS Administration of YK-4-279 decreased TV (p=0.026), proliferation (p=0.0038) and PSA (p=0.022) in Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) mice bearing LuCaP 23.1 tumors. LuCaP 86.2, LuCaP 35 and LuCaP 96 showed no significant changes in TV, or PSA. Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and MR-direct target genes were up-regulated in treatment-resistant LuCaP 86.2 and LuCaP 35 PDX. CONCLUSION YK-4-279 decreased ERG+ LuCaP 23.1 tumor growth, but not LuCaP 86.2 and LuCaP 35 ERG+ tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Winters
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, U.S.A
| | - Lisha Brown
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, U.S.A
| | - Ilsa Coleman
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, U.S.A
| | - Holly Nguyen
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, U.S.A
| | - Tsion Zewdu Minas
- Department of Oncology Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC, U.S.A
| | - Lori Kollath
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, U.S.A
| | | | - Peter Nelson
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, U.S.A
| | - Eva Corey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, U.S.A
| | - Aykut Üren
- Department of Oncology Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC, U.S.A
| | - Colm Morrissey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, U.S.A.
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10
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Ruppender N, Larson S, Lakely B, Kollath L, Brown L, Coleman I, Coleman R, Nguyen H, Nelson PS, Corey E, Snyder LA, Vessella RL, Morrissey C, Lam HM. Cellular Adhesion Promotes Prostate Cancer Cells Escape from Dormancy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130565. [PMID: 26090669 PMCID: PMC4475050 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dissemination of prostate cancer (PCa) cells to the bone marrow is an early event in the disease process. In some patients, disseminated tumor cells (DTC) proliferate to form active metastases after a prolonged period of undetectable disease known as tumor dormancy. Identifying mechanisms of PCa dormancy and reactivation remain a challenge partly due to the lack of in vitro models. Here, we characterized in vitro PCa dormancy-reactivation by inducing cells from three patient-derived xenograft (PDX) lines to proliferate through tumor cell contact with each other and with bone marrow stroma. Proliferating PCa cells demonstrated tumor cell-cell contact and integrin clustering by immunofluorescence. Global gene expression analyses on proliferating cells cultured on bone marrow stroma revealed a downregulation of TGFB2 in all of the three proliferating PCa PDX lines when compared to their non-proliferating counterparts. Furthermore, constitutive activation of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), a downstream effector of integrin-beta1 and TGF-beta2, in non-proliferating cells promoted cell proliferation. This cell proliferation was associated with an upregulation of CDK6 and a downregulation of E2F4. Taken together, our data provide the first clinically relevant in vitro model to support cellular adhesion and downregulation of TGFB2 as a potential mechanism by which PCa cells may escape from dormancy. Targeting the TGF-beta2-associated mechanism could provide novel opportunities to prevent lethal PCa metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Ruppender
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Sandy Larson
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Bryce Lakely
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Lori Kollath
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Lisha Brown
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Ilsa Coleman
- Divison of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Roger Coleman
- Divison of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Holly Nguyen
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Peter S. Nelson
- Divison of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Eva Corey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Linda A. Snyder
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Robert L. Vessella
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Colm Morrissey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Hung-Ming Lam
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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11
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Zhang X, Coleman IM, Brown LG, True LD, Kollath L, Lucas JM, Lam HM, Dumpit R, Corey E, Chéry L, Lakely B, Higano CS, Montgomery B, Roudier M, Lange PH, Nelson PS, Vessella RL, Morrissey C. SRRM4 Expression and the Loss of REST Activity May Promote the Emergence of the Neuroendocrine Phenotype in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:4698-708. [PMID: 26071481 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The neuroendocrine phenotype is associated with the development of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Our objective was to characterize the molecular features of the neuroendocrine phenotype in CRPC. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Expression of chromogranin A (CHGA), synaptophysin (SYP), androgen receptor (AR), and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was analyzed by IHC in 155 CRPC metastases from 50 patients and in 24 LuCaP prostate cancer patient-derived xenografts (PDX). Seventy-one of 155 metastases and the 24 LuCaP xenograft lines were analyzed by whole-genome microarrays. REST splicing was verified by PCR. RESULTS Coexpression of CHGA and SYP in >30% of cells was observed in 22 of 155 metastases (9 patients); 11 of the 22 metastases were AR(+)/PSA(+) (6 patients), 11/22 were AR-/PSA- (4 patients), and 4/24 LuCaP PDXs were AR(-)/PSA(-). By IHC, of the 71 metastases analyzed by whole-genome microarrays, 5 metastases were CHGA(+)/SYP(+)/AR(-), and 5 were CHGA(+)/SYP(+)/AR(+). Only CHGA(+)/SYP(+) metastases had a neuroendocrine transcript signature. The neuronal transcriptional regulator SRRM4 transcript was associated with the neuroendocrine signature in CHGA(+)/SYP(+) metastases and all CHGA(+)/SYP(+) LuCaP xenografts. In addition, expression of SRRM4 in LuCaP neuroendocrine xenografts correlated with a splice variant of REST that lacks the transcriptional repressor domain. CONCLUSIONS (i) Metastatic neuroendocrine status can be heterogeneous in the same patient, (ii) the CRPC neuroendocrine molecular phenotype can be defined by CHGA(+)/SYP(+) dual positivity, (iii) the neuroendocrine phenotype is not necessarily associated with the loss of AR activity, and (iv) the splicing of REST by SRRM4 could promote the neuroendocrine phenotype in CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotun Zhang
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ilsa M Coleman
- Divison of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Lisha G Brown
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Lawrence D True
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Lori Kollath
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jared M Lucas
- Divison of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Hung-Ming Lam
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ruth Dumpit
- Divison of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Eva Corey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Lisly Chéry
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Bryce Lakely
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Celestia S Higano
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Bruce Montgomery
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Martine Roudier
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Paul H Lange
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Peter S Nelson
- Divison of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington. Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Robert L Vessella
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Colm Morrissey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
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Winters B, Brown L, Coleman I, Minas T, Zhang X, Kollath L, Nguyen H, Nelson P, Corey E, Uren A, Morrissey C. MP66-15 INHIBITION OF ERG ACTIVITY IN PATIENT DERIVED PROSTATE CANCER XENOGRAFTS USING THE SMALL MOLECULE INHIBITOR YK-4-279. J Urol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2015.02.2368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Zhang X, Coleman I, Coleman R, Brown L, Kollath L, Chéry L, Lucas J, Corey E, Roudier M, Lange P, Higano C, True L, Nelson P, Vessella R, Morrissey C. Abstract 1989: SRRM4 and the loss of REST may promote the emergence of the neuroendocrine /neuronal phenotype in castration resistant prostate cancer. Cancer Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-1989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Recent findings suggest that neuroendocrine/neuronal (NE) differentiation may be associated with the development of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Our objective was to characterize the NE phenotype in CRPC.
Methods: Using specimens obtained at rapid autopsy at the University of Washington, 2 tissue microarrays were made from (1) 155 metastatic sites from 50 autopsy patients who died from CRPC and (2) 24 LuCaP prostate cancer xenografts. NE markers, including Chromogranin A (CHGA), Synaptophysin (SYN), androgen receptor (AR), and prostate specific antigen (PSA) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). To characterize the molecular features of the NE phenotype in CRPC, transcript levels in 78 corresponding metastatic sites and 24 LuCaP xenografts were determined by hybridization to whole genome microarrays.
Results: Co-expression of CHGA and SYN (by at least >10% of cells) was observed in 22 of 155 sites (11 sites were AR-). PSA, a surrogate of AR activity, was absent in all NE CRPC tumors that did not express AR. Four of the 24 LuCaP xenografts displayed an NE phenotype (all were AR-). Gene expression data were generated from 78 laser captured metastases, and 24 LuCaP xenografts. Five metastatic sites were CHGA+, SYN+ and AR-, and 5 were CHGA+, SYN+ and AR+, 4 LuCaP xenografts were CHGA+, SYN+ and AR- by IHC. Only CHGA+, SYN+ sites had a NE transcript signature, with the CHGA+, SYN+ and AR- specimens expressing a greater number of genes associated with the NE phenotype. In addition, a decrease in the expression of REST was observed in the 10 CHGA+, SYN+ metastatic sites and LuCaP xenografts. SRRM4 transcript expression was associated with the NE signature in 5 of the 6 CHGA+, SYN+ patients and the LuCaP xenografts. Furthermore RT-PCR comparing the epithelial to the NE LuCaP xenografts correlated the expression of SRRM4 with a splice variant of REST that lacks the repressor domain and the NE phenotype.
Conclusions: Our data suggest that a) the CRPC NE phenotype can be defined by CHGA+, SYN+ dual positivity and is more common in CRPC than historically in hormone sensitive primary disease, b) NE status from different sites in the same patient can be heterogeneous c) the NE phenotype is not necessarily associated with the loss of AR activity, and d) the loss of REST expression or the splicing of REST through the activity of SRRM4 could promote the NE phenotype in CRPC. These molecular studies suggest that evolution from hormone sensitive, to castration resistant on to NE disease involves the loss of REST or the loss of REST repressor activity due to alternate splicing by SRRM4.
Citation Format: Xiaotun Zhang, Ilsa Coleman, Roger Coleman, Lisha Brown, Lori Kollath, Lisly Chéry, Jared Lucas, Eva Corey, Martine Roudier, Paul Lange, Celestia Higano, Lawrence True, Peter Nelson, Robert Vessella, Colm Morrissey. SRRM4 and the loss of REST may promote the emergence of the neuroendocrine /neuronal phenotype in castration resistant prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1989. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1989
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilsa Coleman
- 2Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Roger Coleman
- 2Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | | | | | | | - Jared Lucas
- 2Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Eva Corey
- 1University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | | | | | | | - Peter Nelson
- 2Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
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Haider MA, Morrissey C, Coleman I, Zhang X, Brown L, Kollath L, Koochekpour S, Lange PH, Higano C, Nelson P, Lin DW, Vessella R, Attwood K, Shourideh M, Montgomery RB, True LD, Roudier M. Identifying biomarkers specific to bone metastases in castrate-resistant prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.32.15_suppl.5092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ilsa Coleman
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Xiaotun Zhang
- Department of Urology, University of Washington Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Peter Nelson
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Robert Vessella
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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Haider M, Coleman I, Zhang X, Brown L, Kollath L, Koochekpour S, Montgomery R, Lange P, Roudier M, True L, Higano C, Nelson P, Vessella R, Morrissey C. MP49-15 DOES TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT AFFECT THE RESPONSE OF CASTRATION RESISTANT PROSTATE CANCER TO THERAPY IN BONE VS VISCERAL METASTASES? J Urol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.02.1116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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