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Durden L, Eckhoff K, Burdsall AC, Youn S, Andújar-Gonzalez C, Abu-Niaaj L, Magnuson M, Harper WF. Characterizing Bacillus globigii as a Bacillus anthracis surrogate for wastewater treatment studies and bioaerosol emissions. Environ Sci (Camb) 2023; 9:3458-3466. [PMID: 38516331 PMCID: PMC10953809 DOI: 10.1039/d3ew00524k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
This study characterized Bacillus globigii (BG) as a Bacillus anthracis Sterne (BAS) surrogate for wastewater treatment-related studies of UV inactivation, adsorption onto powdered activated carbon (PAC), and bioaerosol emission. The inactivation of BG was faster than that of BAS in DI water (pseudo first-order rate constants of 0.065 and 0.016 min-1 respectively) and in PBS solution (0.030 and 0.005 min-1 respectively). BG was also removed more quickly than BAS by PAC adsorption in DI (0.07 and 0.05 min-1 respectively) and in PBS (0.09 and 0.04 min-1 respectively). In DI, BG aggregated more (P < 0.05) than BAS when the pH was 7 or greater but there were no statistically significant differences in NaCl solution. Spore aggregation was also studied with extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) models. Less than 1% of all spores were released as bioaerosols, and there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in emission between BG and BAS. To the author's knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate that BG is a suitable surrogate for BAS for bioaerosol emissions, but a poor surrogate for both UV inactivation and PAC adsorption. These results can be used to understand the ability of BAS to act as a surrogate for BA Ames because of its genetic and morphological similarities with BAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Durden
- Department of Systems Engineering and Management, Engineering Management Program, Air Force Institute of Technology, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA
| | - Kyle Eckhoff
- Department of Systems Engineering and Management, Engineering Management Program, Air Force Institute of Technology, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA
| | - Adam C Burdsall
- Water Infrastructure Protection Division, National Homeland Security Research Center, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Sungmin Youn
- Department of Civil Engineering, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, USA
| | - Cindy Andújar-Gonzalez
- Department of Systems Engineering and Management, Engineering Management Program, Air Force Institute of Technology, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA
| | - Lubna Abu-Niaaj
- Department of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Central State University, Wilberforce, Ohio, USA
| | - Matthew Magnuson
- Water Infrastructure Protection Division, National Homeland Security Research Center, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Willie F Harper
- Department of Systems Engineering and Management, Engineering Management Program, Air Force Institute of Technology, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA
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Gao Y, Yao J, Poudel S, Romer E, Abu-Niaaj L, Leffak M. Protein phosphatase 2A and Cdc7 kinase regulate the DNA unwinding element-binding protein in replication initiation. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:35987-6000. [PMID: 25258324 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.589119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA unwinding element (DUE)-binding protein (DUE-B) binds to replication origins coordinately with the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and the helicase activator Cdc45 in vivo, and loads Cdc45 onto chromatin in Xenopus egg extracts. Human DUE-B also retains the aminoacyl-tRNA proofreading function of its shorter orthologs in lower organisms. Here we report that phosphorylation of the DUE-B unstructured C-terminal domain unique to higher organisms regulates DUE-B intermolecular binding. Gel filtration analyses show that unphosphorylated DUE-B forms multiple high molecular weight (HMW) complexes. Several aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and Mcm2-7 proteins were identified by mass spectrometry of the HMW complexes. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase binding is RNase A sensitive, whereas interaction with Mcm2-7 is nuclease resistant. Unphosphorylated DUE-B HMW complex formation is decreased by PP2A inhibition or direct DUE-B phosphorylation, and increased by inhibition of Cdc7. These results indicate that the state of DUE-B phosphorylation is maintained by the equilibrium between Cdc7-dependent phosphorylation and PP2A-dependent dephosphorylation, each previously shown to regulate replication initiation. Alanine mutation of the DUE-B C-terminal phosphorylation target sites increases MCM binding but blocks Cdc45 loading in vivo and inhibits cell division. In egg extracts alanine mutation of the DUE-B C-terminal phosphorylation sites blocks Cdc45 loading and inhibits DNA replication. The effects of DUE-B C-terminal phosphorylation reveal a novel S phase kinase regulatory mechanism for Cdc45 loading and MCM helicase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhe Gao
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio 45435
| | - Jianhong Yao
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio 45435
| | - Sumeet Poudel
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio 45435
| | - Eric Romer
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio 45435
| | - Lubna Abu-Niaaj
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio 45435
| | - Michael Leffak
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio 45435
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Abu-Niaaj L, Abu-Zarga M, Sabri S, Abdalla S. Isolation and biological effects of 7-O-methyleriodictyol, a flavanone isolated from Artemisia monosperma, on rat isolated smooth muscles. Planta Med 1993; 59:42-45. [PMID: 8441781 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-959601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The isolation for the first time from the genus Artemisia (Compositae) of the known flavanone, 7-O-methyleriodictyol (7-methoxy-5,3',4'-trihydroxy-flavanone), its identification, and its biological effects on rat isolated smooth muscles are described. 7-O-Methyleriodictyol (10(-7) M to 3 x 10(-4) M) caused concentration-dependent inhibition of the amplitude of the phasic contractions and reduced the tone of the ileum, the uterus, and the urinary bladder. It also caused relaxation of the phenylephrine-precontracted pulmonary artery and the acetylcholine-precontracted trachea. The flavanone also shifted to the right the acetylcholine concentration-effect curve on the ileum and the oxytocin concentration-effect curve on the uterus. The maximum contractions induced by acetylcholine or oxytocin were also inhibited by 7-O-methyleriodictyol. These antispasmodic effects are partly consistent with the use of A. monosperma in folk medicine for certain gastrointestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Abu-Niaaj
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Jordan, Amman
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