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Gadan MA, Lloyd R, Saint Martin G, Olivera MS, Policastro L, Portu AM. Neutron Autoradiography Combined With UV-C Sensitization: Toward the Intracellular Localization of Boron. Microsc Microanal 2019; 25:1331-1340. [PMID: 31648656 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927619015058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Our group has reported the imprint formation of biological material on polycarbonate nuclear track detectors by UV-C exposure, which is used as an approach to simultaneously visualize cell imprints and nuclear tracks coming from the boron neutron capture reaction. Considering that the cell nucleus has a higher UV-C absorption than the cytoplasm and that hematoxylin preferentially stains the nucleus, we proposed to enhance the contrast between these two main cell structures by hematoxylin staining before UV-C sensitization. In this study, several experiments were performed in order to optimize UV-C exposure parameters and chemical etching conditions for cell imprint formation using the SK-BR-3 breast cancer cell line. The proposed method improves significantly the resolution of the cell imprints. It allows clear differentiation of the nucleus from the rest of the cell, together with nuclear tracks pits. Moreover, it reduces considerably the UV-C exposure time, an important experimental issue. The proposed methodology can be applied to study the boron distribution independently from the chosen cell line and/or boron compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario A Gadan
- Department of Instrumentation and Dosimetry, National Atomic Energy Commission (CNEA), Av. General Paz 1499, B1650KNA, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (INN), Av. General Paz 1499, B1650KNA, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo Lloyd
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (INN), Av. General Paz 1499, B1650KNA, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CNEA, Av. General Paz 1499, B1650KNA, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Agency for Scientific and Technological Promotion (ANPCyT), Godoy Cruz 2270, C1425FQD, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gisela Saint Martin
- Department of Radiobiology, CNEA, Av. General Paz 1499, B1650KNA, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María S Olivera
- Department of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy, CNEA, Av. General Paz 1499, B1650KNA, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucía Policastro
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (INN), Av. General Paz 1499, B1650KNA, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CNEA, Av. General Paz 1499, B1650KNA, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2270, C1425FQD, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustina M Portu
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (INN), Av. General Paz 1499, B1650KNA, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Radiobiology, CNEA, Av. General Paz 1499, B1650KNA, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2270, C1425FQD, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies and their fragments have significantly changed the outcome of cancer in the clinic, effectively inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, triggering antibody-dependent immune effector cell activation and complement mediated cell death. Along with a continued expansion in number, diversity, and complexity of validated tumor targets there is an increasing focus on engineering recombinant antibody fragments for lead development. Single-domain antibodies (sdAbs), in particular those engineered from the variable heavy-chain fragment (VHH gene) found in Camelidae heavy-chain antibodies (or IgG2 and IgG3), are the smallest fragments that retain the full antigen-binding capacity of the antibody with advantageous properties as drugs. For similar reasons, growing attention is being paid to the yet smaller variable heavy chain new antigen receptor (VNAR) fragments found in Squalidae. sdAbs have been selected, mostly from immune VHH libraries, to inhibit or modulate enzyme activity, bind soluble factors, internalize cell membrane receptors, or block cytoplasmic targets. This succinct review is a compilation of recent data documenting the application of engineered, recombinant sdAb in the clinic as epitope recognition “modules” to build monomeric, dimeric and multimeric ligands that target, tag and stall solid tumor growth in vivo. Size, affinity, specificity, and the development profile of sdAbs drugs are seemingly consistent with desirable clinical efficacy and safety requirements. But the hepatotoxicity of the tetrameric anti-DR5-VHH drug in patients with pre-existing anti-drug antibodies halted the phase I clinical trial and called for a thorough pre-screening of the immune and poly-specific reactivities of the sdAb leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elena Iezzi
- Laboratorio de Terapia Molecular y Celular, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucía Policastro
- Laboratorio de Terapia Molecular y Celular, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratorio Nanomedicina, Gerencia de Desarrollo Tecnológico y Proyectos Especiales, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Santiago Werbajh
- Laboratorio de Terapia Molecular y Celular, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Osvaldo Podhajcer
- Laboratorio de Terapia Molecular y Celular, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Alicia Canziani
- Laboratorio de Terapia Molecular y Celular, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Gadan MA, González SJ, Batalla M, Olivera MS, Policastro L, Sztejnberg ML. Reprint of Application of BNCT to the treatment of HER2+ breast cancer recurrences: Research and developments in Argentina. Appl Radiat Isot 2016; 106:260-4. [PMID: 26515137 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In the frame of the Argentine BNCT Project a new research line has been started to study the application of BNCT to the treatment of locoregional recurrences of HER2+ breast cancer subtype. Based on former studies, the strategy considers the use of immunoliposomes as boron carriers nanovehicles to target HER2 overexpressing cells. The essential concerns of the current stage of this proposal are the development of carriers that can improve the efficiency of delivery of boron compounds and the dosimetric assessment of treatment feasibility. For this purpose, an specific pool of clinical cases that can benefit from this application was determined. In this work, we present the proposal and the advances related to the different stages of current research.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Gadan
- National Atomic Energy Commission (CNEA), Avenida Del Libertador, 8250 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - S J González
- National Atomic Energy Commission (CNEA), Avenida Del Libertador, 8250 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Council of Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Avenida Rivadavia, 1970 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Batalla
- National Atomic Energy Commission (CNEA), Avenida Del Libertador, 8250 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M S Olivera
- National Atomic Energy Commission (CNEA), Avenida Del Libertador, 8250 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L Policastro
- National Atomic Energy Commission (CNEA), Avenida Del Libertador, 8250 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Council of Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Avenida Rivadavia, 1970 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M L Sztejnberg
- National Atomic Energy Commission (CNEA), Avenida Del Libertador, 8250 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Gadan M, González S, Batalla M, Olivera M, Policastro L, Sztejnberg M. Application of BNCT to the treatment of HER2+ breast cancer recurrences: Research and developments in Argentina. Appl Radiat Isot 2015; 104:155-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Ibañez IL, Bracalente C, Molinari BL, Palmieri MA, Policastro L, Kreiner AJ, Burlón AA, Valda A, Navalesi D, Davidson J, Davidson M, Vázquez M, Ozafrán M, Durán H. Induction and Rejoining of DNA Double Strand Breaks Assessed by H2AX Phosphorylation in Melanoma Cells Irradiated with Proton and Lithium Beams. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009; 74:1226-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.02.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2008] [Revised: 02/23/2009] [Accepted: 02/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Policastro L, Duran H, Henry Y, Molinari B, Favaudon V. Selective radiosensitization by nitric oxide in tumor cell lines. Cancer Lett 2007; 248:123-30. [PMID: 16899337 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2006.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2006] [Revised: 06/15/2006] [Accepted: 06/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The radiosensitizing effect of nitric oxide (NO) on mouse and human tumor cells with different degrees of malignancy was evaluated. Cells pre-treated with the NO donor diethylenetriamine-NO (DETA-NO), were irradiated with gamma rays. Survival curves were obtained by clonogenicity and fitted to the linear-quadratic model. Results demonstrated an association between radiosensitization and degree of malignancy. The more malignant the cell line, the higher the degree of radiosensitization by DETA-NO. In conclusion, the differential radiosensitizing effect of DETA-NO shown here is of great interest for the potential use of NO in radiotherapy, due to an enhanced radiation effect on tumor vs. normal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Policastro
- Departamento de Radiobiología, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Av. Gral. Paz 1499, B1650KNA San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Krawiec L, Pizarro RA, Aphalo P, de Cavanagh EMV, Pisarev MA, Juvenal GJ, Policastro L, Bocanera LV. Role of peroxidase inhibition by insulin in the bovine thyroid cell proliferation mechanism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 271:2607-14. [PMID: 15206926 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.2004.04189.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Monolayer primary cultures of thyroid cells produce, in the presence of insulin, a cytosolic inhibitor of thyroid peroxidase (TPO), lacto peroxidase (LPO), horseradish peroxidase (HRPO) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX). The inhibitor, localized in the cytosol, is thermostable and hydrophylic. Its molecular mass is less than 2 kDa. The inhibitory activity, resistant to proteolytic and nucleolytic enzymes, disappears with sodium metaperiodate treatment, as an oxidant of carbohydrates, supporting its oligosaccharide structure. The presence of inositol, mannose, glucose, the specific inhibition of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase and the disappearance of peroxidase inhibition by alkaline phosphatase and alpha-mannosidase in purified samples confirms its chemical structure as inositol phosphoglycan-like. Purification by anionic interchange shows that the peroxidase inhibitor elutes like the two subtypes of inositol phosphoglycans (IPG)P and A, characterized as signal transducers of insulin action. Insulin significantly increases the concentration of the peroxidase inhibitor in a thyroid cell culture at 48 h. The addition of both isolated substances to a primary thyroid culture produces, after 30 min, a significant increase in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration in the medium, concomitantly with the disappearance of the GPX activity in the same conditions. The presence of insulin or anyone of both products, during 48 h, induces cell proliferation of the thyroid cell culture. In conclusion, insulin stimulates thyroid cell division through the effect of a peroxidase inhibitor, as its second messenger. The inhibition of GPX by its action positively modulates the H2O2 level, which would produce, as was demonstrated by other authors, the signal for cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- León Krawiec
- Argentine National Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Policastro L, Molinari B, Larcher F, Blanco P, Podhajcer OL, Costa CS, Rojas P, Durán H. Imbalance of antioxidant enzymes in tumor cells and inhibition of proliferation and malignant features by scavenging hydrogen peroxide. Mol Carcinog 2004; 39:103-13. [PMID: 14750215 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the endogenous alterations of the antioxidant enzymes in tumor cells and to specifically compensate the resulting changes in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to control the malignant growth. We determined and compared the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the levels of superoxide anion (O2*-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in tumor cell lines with different degrees of malignancy, paired with regard to their origin (PB/CH72T4, PDV/PDVC57, and HBL-100/MCF-7). An increase in superoxide dismutase activity and a decrease in the activities of H2O2-detoxifying enzymes, as a function of malignancy, coupled with a rise in H2O2 and a decrease in O2*- were demonstrated. Treatment of cells with exogenous catalase showed a dose-dependent inhibition of proliferation. This inhibition was also demonstrated in several cell lines of different tissue origin and species, suggesting a general role of H2O2 in cell proliferation. Moreover, stable expression of human catalase in MCF-7 cells inhibited proliferation and also reverted malignant features. We conclude that H2O2 played a crucial and general role in the regulation of proliferation and that an endogenous imbalance in antioxidant enzymes could be a relevant event in the carcinogenesis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Policastro
- Radiobiology Department, National Atomic Energy Commission, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Fitzsimons C, Engel N, Policastro L, Durán H, Molinari B, Rivera E. Regulation of phospholipase C activation by the number of H(2) receptors during Ca(2+)-induced differentiation of mouse keratinocytes. Biochem Pharmacol 2002; 63:1785-96. [PMID: 12034363 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(02)00975-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We have reported previously that the histamine H(2) receptor (H(2)R) can stimulate the phospholipase C (PLC) signaling pathway in mouse keratinocytes. In the present work, we examined the physiological mechanisms involved in this activation by studying histamine metabolism and H(2)R expression and coupling during mouse keratinocyte differentiation. Ca(2+)-induced differentiation decreased histidine decarboxylase (HDC) mRNA, the enzyme responsible for histamine synthesis, by 68.9+/-5.0%. Concomitantly, intracellular histamine content and its release into the extracellular medium were reduced significantly by 68.2+/-2.0 and 74.1+/-1.7%, respectively. Binding of [3H]tiotidine to H(2)Rs present on the surface of whole cells was also decreased by cellular differentiation [(18.17+/-2.1)x10(4) vs. (6.27+/-0.87)x10(4) sites/cell, undifferentiated and differentiated cells, respectively], without affecting H(2)R affinity. Northern blot and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of the H(2)R mRNA showed that the expression was also down-regulated at the transcriptional level. Moreover, the inhibition of H(2)R expression strongly affected the ability of the receptor to induce PLC activation. Our findings suggest that H(2)R signaling through the PLC second messenger system is inhibited during keratinocyte differentiation by an autocrine loop involving down-regulation of H(2)R expression and inhibition of histamine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Fitzsimons
- Radioisotopes Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Junín 956, (1113), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Fitzsimons C, Engel N, Durán H, Policastro L, Cricco G, Martín G, Molinari B, Rivera E. Histamine production in mouse epidermal keratinocytes is regulated during cellular differentiation. Inflamm Res 2001; 50 Suppl 2:S100-1. [PMID: 11411573 DOI: 10.1007/pl00022378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Fitzsimons
- Laboratorio de Radioisótopos, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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