1
|
Blighe K, DeDionisio L, Christie KA, Chawes B, Shareef S, Kakouli-Duarte T, Chao-Shern C, Harding V, Kelly RS, Castellano L, Stebbing J, Lasky-Su JA, Nesbit MA, Moore CBT. Gene editing in the context of an increasingly complex genome. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:595. [PMID: 30086710 PMCID: PMC6081867 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4963-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The reporting of the first draft of the human genome in 2000 brought with it much hope for the future in what was felt as a paradigm shift toward improved health outcomes. Indeed, we have now mapped the majority of variation across human populations with landmark projects such as 1000 Genomes; in cancer, we have catalogued mutations across the primary carcinomas; whilst, for other diseases, we have identified the genetic variants with strongest association. Despite this, we are still awaiting the genetic revolution in healthcare to materialise and translate itself into the health benefits for which we had hoped. A major problem we face relates to our underestimation of the complexity of the genome, and that of biological mechanisms, generally. Fixation on DNA sequence alone and a 'rigid' mode of thinking about the genome has meant that the folding and structure of the DNA molecule -and how these relate to regulation- have been underappreciated. Projects like ENCODE have additionally taught us that regulation at the level of RNA is just as important as that at the spatiotemporal level of chromatin.In this review, we chart the course of the major advances in the biomedical sciences in the era pre- and post the release of the first draft sequence of the human genome, taking a focus on technology and how its development has influenced these. We additionally focus on gene editing via CRISPR/Cas9 as a key technique, in particular its use in the context of complex biological mechanisms. Our aim is to shift the mode of thinking about the genome to that which encompasses a greater appreciation of the folding of the DNA molecule, DNA- RNA/protein interactions, and how these regulate expression and elaborate disease mechanisms.Through the composition of our work, we recognise that technological improvement is conducive to a greater understanding of biological processes and life within the cell. We believe we now have the technology at our disposal that permits a better understanding of disease mechanisms, achievable through integrative data analyses. Finally, only with greater understanding of disease mechanisms can techniques such as gene editing be faithfully conducted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Blighe
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK.
- Bill Lyons Informatics Centre, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, WC1E 6DD, London, UK.
| | - L DeDionisio
- Avellino Laboratories, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - K A Christie
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, BT52 1SA, UK
| | - B Chawes
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Shareef
- University of Raparin, Ranya, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - T Kakouli-Duarte
- Institute of Technology Carlow, Department of Science and Health, Kilkenny Road, Carlow, Ireland
| | - C Chao-Shern
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, BT52 1SA, UK
- Avellino Laboratories, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - V Harding
- Imperial College London, Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - R S Kelly
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, USA
| | - L Castellano
- Imperial College London, Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- JMS Building, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - J Stebbing
- Imperial College London, Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - J A Lasky-Su
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M A Nesbit
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, BT52 1SA, UK
| | - C B T Moore
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, BT52 1SA, UK.
- Avellino Laboratories, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dabrowska A, Castellano L. PO-370 Sustained over-expression of miR-26a induces chromosome instability and tumorigenesis by dysregulation of CHFR expression. ESMO Open 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
3
|
Begum S, Yiu A, Stebbing J, Castellano L. Novel tumour suppressive protein encoded by circular RNA, circ-SHPRH, in glioblastomas. Oncogene 2018; 37:4055-4057. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0230-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
4
|
Alonso CAI, Osycka-Salut CE, Castellano L, Cesari A, Di Siervi N, Mutto A, Johannisson A, Morrell JM, Davio C, Perez-Martinez S. Extracellular cAMP activates molecular signalling pathways associated with sperm capacitation in bovines. Mol Hum Reprod 2018; 23:521-534. [PMID: 28521061 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gax030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is extracellular cAMP involved in the regulation of signalling pathways in bovine sperm capacitation? SUMMARY ANSWER Extracellular cAMP induces sperm capacitation through the activation of different signalling pathways that involve phospholipase C (PLC), PKC/ERK1-2 signalling and an increase in sperm Ca2+ levels, as well as soluble AC and cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) signalling. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY In order to fertilize the oocyte, ejaculated spermatozoa must undergo a series of changes in the female reproductive tract, known as capacitation. This correlates with a number of membrane and metabolic modifications that include an increased influx of bicarbonate and Ca2+, activation of a soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) to produce cAMP, PKA activation, protein tyrosine phosphorylation and the development of hyperactivated motility. We previously reported that cAMP efflux by Multidrug Resistance Protein 4 (MRP4) occurs during sperm capacitation and the pharmacological blockade of this inhibits the process. Moreover, the supplementation of incubation media with cAMP abolishes the inhibition and leads to sperm capacitation, suggesting that extracellular cAMP regulates crucial signalling cascades involved in this process. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Bovine sperm were selected by the wool glass column method, and washed by centrifugation in BSA-Free Tyrode's Albumin Lactate Pyruvate (sp-TALP). Pellets were resuspended then diluted for each treatment. For in vitro capacitation, 10 to 15 × 106 SPZ/ml were incubated in 0.3% BSA sp-TALP at 38.5°C for 45 min under different experimental conditions. To evaluate the role of extracellular cAMP on different events associated with sperm capacitation, 10 nM cAMP was added to the incubation medium as well as different inhibitors of enzymes associated with signalling transduction pathways: U73122 (PLC inhibitor, 10 μM), Gö6983 (PKC inhibitor, 10 μM), PD98059 (ERK-1/2 inhibitor, 30 μM), H89 and KT (PKA inhibitors, 50 μM and 100 nM, respectively), KH7 (sAC inhibitor, 10 μM), BAPTA-AM (intracellular Ca2+ chelator, 50 μM), EGTA (10 μM) and Probenecid (MRPs general inhibitor, 500 μM). In addition, assays for binding to oviductal epithelial cells and IVF were carried out to test the effect of cAMP compared with other known capacitant agents such as heparin (60 μg/ml) and bicarbonate (40 mM). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Straws of frozen bovine semen (20-25 × 106 spermatozoa/ml) were kindly provided by Las Lilas, CIALE and CIAVT Artificial Insemination Centers. The methods used in this work include western blot, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, computer-assisted semen analysis, live imaging of Ca2+ and fluorescence scanning. At least three independent assays with bull samples of proven fertility were carried. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE In the present study, we elucidate the molecular events induced by extracellular cAMP. Our results showed that external cAMP induces sperm capacitation, depending upon the action of PLC. Downstream, this enzyme increased ERK1-2 activation through PKC and elicited a rise in sperm Ca2+ levels (P < 0.01). Moreover, extracellular cAMP-induced capacitation also depended on the activity of sAC and PKA, and increased tyrosine phosphorylation, indicating that the nucleotide exerts a broad range of responses. In addition, extracellular cAMP-induced sperm hyperactivation and concomitantly increased the proportion of spermatozoa with high mitochondrial activity (P < 0.01). Finally, cAMP increased the in vitro fertilization rate compared to control conditions (P < 0.001). LARGE SCALE DATA None. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This is an in vitro study performed with bovine cryopreserved spermatozoa. Studies in other species and with fresh samples are needed to extrapolate these data. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS These findings strongly suggest an important role of extracellular cAMP in the regulation of the signalling pathways involved in the acquisition of bull sperm fertilizing capability. The data presented here indicate that not only a rise, but also a regulation of cAMP levels is necessary to ensure sperm fertilizing ability. Thus, exclusion of the nucleotide to the extracellular space might be essential to guarantee the achievement of a cAMP tone, needed for all capacitation-associated events to take place. Moreover, the ability of cAMP to trigger such broad and complex signalling events allows us to hypothesize that cAMP is a self-produced autocrine/paracrine factor, and supports the emerging paradigm that spermatozoa do not compete but, in fact, communicate with each other. A precise understanding of the functional competence of mammalian spermatozoa is essential to generate clinical advances in the treatment of infertility and the development of novel contraceptive strategies. STUDY FUNDING AND COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [PIP0 496 to S.P.-M.], Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecológica [PICT 2012-1195 and PICT2014-2325 to S.P.-M., and PICT 2013-2050 to C.D.], Boehringer Ingelheim Funds, and the Swedish Farmers Foundation [SLF-H13300339 to J.M.]. The authors declare there are no conflicts of interests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Agustín I Alonso
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas, Facultad de Medicina (CONICET-UBA), Paraguay 2155 (C1121ABG), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia E Osycka-Salut
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas Dr. Rodolfo A. Ugalde, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas (IIB/UNTECH-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Matheu 3910 (1650), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Castellano
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas, Facultad de Medicina (CONICET-UBA), Paraguay 2155 (C1121ABG), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andreína Cesari
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (IIB-CONICET-UNMDP), Funes 3250 (7600), Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Di Siervi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica (ININFA-UBA-CONICET), Junín 954 (C1113AAD) Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adrián Mutto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas Dr. Rodolfo A. Ugalde, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas (IIB/UNTECH-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Matheu 3910 (1650), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Anders Johannisson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Reproduction, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SE-750 07), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jane M Morrell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Reproduction, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SE-750 07), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carlos Davio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica (ININFA-UBA-CONICET), Junín 954 (C1113AAD) Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvina Perez-Martinez
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas, Facultad de Medicina (CONICET-UBA), Paraguay 2155 (C1121ABG), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Osycka‐Salut CE, Castellano L, Fornes D, Beltrame JS, Alonso CA, Jawerbaum A, Franchi A, Díaz ES, Perez Martinez S. Fibronectin From Oviductal Cells Fluctuates During the Estrous Cycle and Contributes to Sperm–Oviduct Interaction in Cattle. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:4095-4108. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia E. Osycka‐Salut
- Laboratorio de Biotecnologías Reproductivas y Mejoramiento Genético Animal (IIB‐INTECH Dr. Rodolfo UgaldeCONICET/UNSAM)Buenos AiresArgentina
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción en Mamíferos(CEFYBO‐CONICET/UBA)Buenos AiresArgentina
| | - Luciana Castellano
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción en Mamíferos(CEFYBO‐CONICET/UBA)Buenos AiresArgentina
| | - Daiana Fornes
- Laboratorio de Reproducción y Metabolismo(CEFYBO‐CONICET/UBA)Buenos AiresArgentina
| | - Jimena S. Beltrame
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Farmacología de la Reproducción(CEFYBO‐CONICET/UBA)Buenos AiresArgentina
| | - Carlos A.I. Alonso
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción en Mamíferos(CEFYBO‐CONICET/UBA)Buenos AiresArgentina
| | - Alicia Jawerbaum
- Laboratorio de Reproducción y Metabolismo(CEFYBO‐CONICET/UBA)Buenos AiresArgentina
| | - Ana Franchi
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Preñez y el Parto(CEFYBO‐CONICET/UBA)Buenos AiresArgentina
| | - Emilce S. Díaz
- Laboratorio de Biología de la ReproducciónFacultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad de AntofagastaAntofagastaChile
| | - Silvina Perez Martinez
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción en Mamíferos(CEFYBO‐CONICET/UBA)Buenos AiresArgentina
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Harrod A, Fulton J, Nguyen VTM, Periyasamy M, Ramos-Garcia L, Lai CF, Metodieva G, de Giorgio A, Williams RL, Santos DB, Gomez PJ, Lin ML, Metodiev MV, Stebbing J, Castellano L, Magnani L, Coombes RC, Buluwela L, Ali S. Genomic modelling of the ESR1 Y537S mutation for evaluating function and new therapeutic approaches for metastatic breast cancer. Oncogene 2017; 36:2286-2296. [PMID: 27748765 PMCID: PMC5245767 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Drugs that inhibit estrogen receptor-α (ER) activity have been highly successful in treating and reducing breast cancer progression in ER-positive disease. However, resistance to these therapies presents a major clinical problem. Recent genetic studies have shown that mutations in the ER gene are found in >20% of tumours that progress on endocrine therapies. Remarkably, the great majority of these mutations localize to just a few amino acids within or near the critical helix 12 region of the ER hormone binding domain, where they are likely to be single allele mutations. Understanding how these mutations impact on ER function is a prerequisite for identifying methods to treat breast cancer patients featuring such mutations. Towards this end, we used CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing to make a single allele knock-in of the most commonly mutated amino acid residue, tyrosine 537, in the estrogen-responsive MCF7 breast cancer cell line. Genomic analyses using RNA-seq and ER ChIP-seq demonstrated that the Y537S mutation promotes constitutive ER activity globally, resulting in estrogen-independent growth. MCF7-Y537S cells were resistant to the anti-estrogen tamoxifen and fulvestrant. Further, we show that the basal transcription factor TFIIH is constitutively recruited by ER-Y537S, resulting in ligand-independent phosphorylation of Serine 118 (Ser118) by the TFIIH kinase, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)7. The CDK7 inhibitor, THZ1 prevented Ser118 phosphorylation and inhibited growth of MCF7-Y537S cells. These studies confirm the functional importance of ER mutations in endocrine resistance, demonstrate the utility of knock-in mutational models for investigating alternative therapeutic approaches and highlight CDK7 inhibition as a potential therapy for endocrine-resistant breast cancer mediated by ER mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Harrod
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - J Fulton
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - V T M Nguyen
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - M Periyasamy
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - L Ramos-Garcia
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - C-F Lai
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - G Metodieva
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, UK
| | - A de Giorgio
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - R L Williams
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - D B Santos
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - P J Gomez
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - M-L Lin
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - M V Metodiev
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, UK
| | - J Stebbing
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - L Castellano
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - L Magnani
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - R C Coombes
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - L Buluwela
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - S Ali
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lottero-Leconte R, Isidro Alonso CA, Castellano L, Martinez SP. Mechanisms of the sperm guidance, an essential aid for meeting the oocyte. Transl Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2017.03.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
8
|
Ottolina J, Vanni VS, Tandoi I, Candotti G, Poppi G, Castellano L, Ferrari S, Candiani M. Surgical Training for Ovarian Non-Excisional Laparoscopic Laser Surgery: Fiber CO2 laser and Free-Beam CO2 Laser Compared. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2016.08.676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
9
|
Gervasi MG, Osycka-Salut C, Sanchez T, Alonso CAI, Llados C, Castellano L, Franchi AM, Villalón M, Perez-Martinez S. Sperm Release From the Oviductal Epithelium Depends on Ca(2+) Influx Upon Activation of CB1 and TRPV1 by Anandamide. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:320-33. [PMID: 26129689 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The oviduct acts as a functional sperm reservoir in many mammalian species. Both binding and release of spermatozoa from the oviductal epithelium are mainly modulated by sperm capacitation. Several molecules from oviductal fluid are involved in the regulation of sperm function. Anandamide is a lipid mediator involved in reproductive physiology. Previously, we demonstrated that anandamide, through activation of the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1), promotes sperm release from bovine oviductal epithelial cells, and through CB1 and the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), induces sperm capacitation. Herein we investigate co-activation between CB1 and TRPV1, and Ca(2+) influx as part of the mechanism of action of anandamide during sperm release from oviductal cells. Our results indicate that in the absence of Ca(2+) anandamide failed to release spermatozoa from oviductal epithelial cells. Additionally, sperm release promoted by cannabinoid and vanilloid agonists was abolished when the spermatozoa were preloaded with BAPTA-AM, a Ca(2+) chelator. We also determined Ca(2+) levels in spermatozoa preloaded with FURA2-AM co-cultured with oviductal cells and incubated with different cannabinoid and vanilloid agonists. The incubation with different agonists induced Ca(2+) influx, which was abolished by CB1 or TRPV1 antagonists. Our results also suggest that a phospholypase C (PLC) might mediate the activation of CB1 and TRPV1 in sperm release from the bovine oviduct. Therefore, our findings indicate that anandamide, through CB1 and TRPV1 activation, is involved in sperm release from the oviductal reservoir. An increase of sperm Ca(2+) levels and the PLC activation might be involved in anandamide signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M G Gervasi
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts.,Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción en Mamíferos, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos, (CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires-Argentina
| | - C Osycka-Salut
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción en Mamíferos, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos, (CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires-Argentina
| | - T Sanchez
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - C A I Alonso
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción en Mamíferos, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos, (CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires-Argentina
| | - C Llados
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - L Castellano
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción en Mamíferos, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos, (CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires-Argentina
| | - A M Franchi
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Preñez y el Parto, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires-Argentina
| | - M Villalón
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - S Perez-Martinez
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción en Mamíferos, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos, (CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires-Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Roca-Alonso L, Castellano L, Mills A, Dabrowska AF, Sikkel MB, Pellegrino L, Jacob J, Frampton AE, Krell J, Coombes RC, Harding SE, Lyon AR, Stebbing J. Myocardial MiR-30 downregulation triggered by doxorubicin drives alterations in β-adrenergic signaling and enhances apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1754. [PMID: 25950484 PMCID: PMC4669718 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The use of anthracyclines such as doxorubicin (DOX) has improved outcome in cancer patients, yet associated risks of cardiomyopathy have limited their clinical application. DOX-associated cardiotoxicity is frequently irreversible and typically progresses to heart failure (HF) but our understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying this and essential for development of cardioprotective strategies remains largely obscure. As microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to play potent regulatory roles in both cardiovascular disease and cancer, we investigated miRNA changes in DOX-induced HF and the alteration of cellular processes downstream. Myocardial miRNA profiling was performed after DOX-induced injury, either via acute application to isolated cardiomyocytes or via chronic exposure in vivo, and compared with miRNA profiles from remodeled hearts following myocardial infarction. The miR-30 family was downregulated in all three models. We describe here that miR-30 act regulating the β-adrenergic pathway, where preferential β1- and β2-adrenoceptor (β1AR and β2AR) direct inhibition is combined with Giα-2 targeting for fine-tuning. Importantly, we show that miR-30 also target the pro-apoptotic gene BNIP3L/NIX. In aggregate, we demonstrate that high miR-30 levels are protective against DOX toxicity and correlate this in turn with lower reactive oxygen species generation. In addition, we identify GATA-6 as a mediator of DOX-associated reductions in miR-30 expression. In conclusion, we describe that DOX causes acute and sustained miR-30 downregulation in cardiomyocytes via GATA-6. miR-30 overexpression protects cardiac cells from DOX-induced apoptosis, and its maintenance represents a potential cardioprotective and anti-tumorigenic strategy for anthracyclines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Roca-Alonso
- Division of Oncology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, 1st Floor, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - L Castellano
- Division of Oncology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, 1st Floor, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - A Mills
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, 4th Floor, ICTEM, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - A F Dabrowska
- Division of Oncology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, 1st Floor, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - M B Sikkel
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, 4th Floor, ICTEM, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - L Pellegrino
- Division of Oncology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, 1st Floor, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - J Jacob
- Division of Oncology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, 1st Floor, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - A E Frampton
- Division of Oncology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, 1st Floor, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgical Unit, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - J Krell
- Division of Oncology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, 1st Floor, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - R C Coombes
- Division of Oncology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, 1st Floor, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - S E Harding
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, 4th Floor, ICTEM, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - A R Lyon
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, 4th Floor, ICTEM, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
- NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, Imperial college, London SW3 6NP, UK
| | - J Stebbing
- Division of Oncology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, 1st Floor, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Miller H, Castellano L, Frampton A, Stronach E, Flora R, Stebbing J, Frilling A. Role of Microrna As Biomarkers in Small Bowel Neuroendocrine Tumours. Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu345.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
12
|
Roca-Alonso L, Castellano L, Mills A, Harding S, Lyon AR, Stebbing J. P65Myocardial miR-30 down-regulation caused by doxorubicin alters the beta-adrenergic system and mitochondrial death pathways. Cardiovasc Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu082.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
13
|
Frampton AE, Castellano L, Tsim N, Habib NA, Stebbing J, Jiao LR. MicroRNA expression profiles in pancreatic cystic tumors. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.e14579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
14
|
De Sio I, Castellano L, Calandra M, Persico M, Romano M, Torella R, Del Vecchio-Blanco C. Ultrasound-guided percutaneous ethanol injection: first choice for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma in the elderly. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2009; 22 Suppl 1:295-303. [PMID: 18653047 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4943(96)86952-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) under ultrasound guidance has recently been proposed as a new therapeutic approach for patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC is more frequently observed in elderly subjects. We treated 59 patients (44 males and 15 females, mean age 66 years, age-range 54-77 years). Forty-six patients were in Child A, 12 in Child B and 1 in Child C class. Thirty-nine patients had a single lesion up to 5 cm size; 2 had a single lesion larger than 5 cm, and 18 had 2 or 3 lesions, each smaller than 4 cm. The survival rates after 1, 2, 3 and 4 years for all patients were 92, 73, 54 and 54%, respectively; while for those with only a single lesion amounted to 94, 85, 63, and 63%, for the same years. In this latter group, the survival rates at 1 and 2 years were significantly higher in subjects in the Child A class, than in those who were in Child B and C classes (100 and 95%, against 79 and 63%, respectively, p < 0.05). In the group of patients with multiple lesions the survival rates were 89, 57 and 42% at 1, 2 and 3 years, respectively. We did not have any lethal complications during the procedure of PEI, and only minor complications occurred in 6 patients. During the follow-up, 21 patients developed new lesions, and 6 patients had small local recurrences which were possibly retreated. In conclusion, PEI is a safe and efficient alternative therapy for the management of HCC in LC in elderly subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I De Sio
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gastroenterology, Second University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, I-80131 Napoli, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Balacco-Gabrieli C, Castellano L, Palmisano C, Tundo R, Lorusso VV. Iris cysts in three generations conveyed by means of a genetic process connected with sex. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/13816818509004122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
16
|
Thai H, Juneman E, Castellano L, Do R, Gaballa M, Goldman S. 89 IMPLANTATION OF A FIBROBLAST PATCH IMPROVES LEFT VENTRICULAR SYSTOLIC FUNCTION AND PREVENTS REMODELING AFTER MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. J Investig Med 2006. [DOI: 10.2310/6650.2005.x0004.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
17
|
Dew ML, Castellano L, Goldman S, Thai H. 382 DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHO AND CLINICAL SYMPTOMS IS SUPERIOR THAN NUCLEAR STRESS TESTING IN PREDICTING CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE IN WOMEN. J Investig Med 2005. [DOI: 10.2310/6650.2005.00005.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
18
|
Phan H, Juneman E, Castellano L, Johnson N, Goldman S, Gaballa M, Thai H. 105 ALTERATIONS IN REGIONAL WALL STRAIN, ENOS AND MICROTUBULIN CONCENTRATIONS SIGNALING LEFT VENTRICULAR REMODELING OCCUR IMMEDIATELY AFTER ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. J Investig Med 2005. [DOI: 10.2310/6650.2005.00005.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
19
|
Torchio P, Corrao G, Gentile S, Castellano L, de Sio I, Calandra M, Del Vecchio Blanco C. Prevalence of gallstone disease and related risk factors in 889 diabetic subjects of southern Italy. Dig Liver Dis 2004; 36:698-9. [PMID: 15506672 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2004.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
20
|
Juneman E, Castellano L, Do B, Dahiya R, Goldman S, Gaballa M, Thai H. 232 REGIONAL WALL STRESS IN THE NON-INFARCTED MYOCARDIUM IS INCREASED AFTER ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. J Investig Med 2004. [DOI: 10.1136/jim-52-suppl1-232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
21
|
Meredith KG, Kim FC, Tran TD, Castellano L, Juneman E, John J, Gaballa M, Goldman S, Thai HM. 231 SEVERITY OF DIASTOLIC DYSFUNCTION AS A DETERMINANT OF LEFT ATRIAL SIZE. J Investig Med 2004. [DOI: 10.1136/jim-52-suppl1-231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
22
|
de Sio I, Castellano L, Calandra M, Del Vecchio-Blanco C. Subcutaneous needle-tract seeding after fine needle aspiration biopsy of pancreatic liver metastasis. Eur J Ultrasound 2002; 15:65-8. [PMID: 12044855 DOI: 10.1016/s0929-8266(02)00008-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A case of subcutaneous neoplastic seeding after fine needle aspiration biopsy of a pancreatic liver metastasis is reported. Neoplastic seeding is a rare complication after fine needle biopsy (FNB). The seeding appeared 3 months after the biopsy with a subcutaneous hypoechoic nodule; diagnosis was confirmed by fine needle aspiration of the nodule. The neoplastic seeding did not change the outcome of the patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I de Sio
- Gastroenterology Unit-Ultrasonography Section 11, University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
de Sio I, Castellano L, De Girolamo V, di Santolo SS, Marone A, Del Vecchio Blanco C, Marone G. Tumor dissemination after radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2001; 34:609-10; author reply 610-1. [PMID: 11526553 DOI: 10.1002/hep.510340327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
24
|
de Sio I, Castellano L, De Girolamo V, di Santolo SS, Marone A, Del Vecchio Blanco C, Marone G. Tumor dissemination after radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2001. [PMID: 11526554 DOI: 10.1053/jhep.2001.27955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
25
|
Castaldo G, Calcagno G, Sibillo R, Cuomo R, Nardone G, Castellano L, Del Vecchio Blanco C, Budillon G, Salvatore F. Quantitative analysis of aldolase A mRNA in liver discriminates between hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis. Clin Chem 2000; 46:901-6. [PMID: 10894831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic liver diseases can progress to cirrhosis and to hepatocellular carcinoma. Timely and unequivocal recognition of the neoplastic evolution of cirrhosis is critical. To this aim, we used a noncompetitive reverse transcription-PCR procedure to analyze aldolase A mRNA in liver tissue from patients with chronic liver diseases at different stages. METHODS We studied 12 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, 19 patients affected by chronic hepatitis C or cirrhosis, and 7 healthy controls. Aldolase A mRNA was reverse-transcribed to cDNA, which was then amplified by PCR. The amplified segments were "read" with a novel dot-blot procedure. A calibrator with the same sequence, synthesized in vitro using a T7 phage promoter, was processed at scalar dilutions in parallel to the target samples to generate a calibration curve and so quantify the target mRNA (detection limit, 0.03 amol; linearity spanning five orders of magnitude). RESULTS Aldolase A mRNA was approximately 10-fold higher in liver biopsies from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma vs patients with chronic hepatitis C or cirrhosis, and healthy individuals. Furthermore, aldolase A mRNA concentrations were 1.2- to 21.3-fold higher in 12 liver biopsies compared with the paired surrounding cirrhotic tissue. CONCLUSIONS The quantitative analysis of liver tissue aldolase A mRNA differentiates between nonneoplastic chronic liver diseases and hepatocellular carcinoma, which suggests that it has diagnostic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Castaldo
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche and CEINGE scarl, Cattedra di Gastroenterologia, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Castaldo G, Intrieri M, Castellano L, de Sio I, Del Vecchio Blanco C, Sacchetti L, Salvatore F. Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase isoform complexed to LDL in the diagnosis of small hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Chem 1999; 45:1100-2. [PMID: 10388494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
|
27
|
Castellano L, Calandra M, Del Vecchio Blanco C, de Sio I. Predictive factors of survival and intrahepatic recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis after percutaneous ethanol injection: analysis of 71 patients. J Hepatol 1997; 27:862-70. [PMID: 9382974 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8278(97)80324-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS This study was undertaken to determine the factors predicting survival and intrahepatic recurrence in hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with percutaneous ethanol injection. METHODS Seventy-one patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma underwent percutaneous ethanol injection (54 males/17 females; median age 66 years; Child A 54/B 17). Fifty-two patients had a single nodule < or = 5 cm and 19 had multiple nodules, up to three, each one < or = 4 cm. Follow-up ranged from 2-63 months (median 26). RESULTS Overall survival rates were 89%, 54% and 24% and new lesions recurrence rates 32%, 73% and 81% at 1, 3 and 5 years, respectively. At univariate analysis, monofocal tumor (p<0.05), absence of ascites (p<0.05), complete tumor necrosis at CT-scan or MRI (p<0.01), post-treatment alpha-fetoprotein < or = 10 ng/ml (p<0.05) and Child A class in patients with a single nodule (p<0.05) were associated with higher survival. Presence of tumor capsule at imaging (p<0.05), complete tumor necrosis at CT-scan or MRI (p<0.01) and post-treatment alpha-fetoprotein < or = 10 ng/ml (p<0.01) were associated with lower recurrence rates. At multivariate analysis, basal alpha-fetoprotein (p=0.040) and tumor number (p=0.032) significantly affected survival; stepwise analysis revealed basal alpha-fetoprotein, tumor number and serum albumin (p=0.0012) as the best combination predicting survival. No variable reliably predicted recurrence by multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS In patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, treated with percutaneous ethanol injection, survival depends on: the severity of the underlying liver disease, uni/multifocality of the tumor and basal alpha-fetoprotein. Presence of a tumor capsule is associated with lower recurrence rates. At post-treatment evaluation, both survival and recurrence rates are positively affected by complete tumor necrosis and alpha-fetoprotein < or = 10 ng/ml.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Castellano
- Department of Internal Medicine, II Ateneo University of Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
de Sio I, Castellano L, Calandra M, Del Vecchio-Blanco C. Ultrasound-guided biopsy for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma--a study based on 420 patients. J Hepatol 1997; 26:1155-6. [PMID: 9186849 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8278(97)80127-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
29
|
De Sio I, Castellano L, Calandra M, Romano M, Persico M, Del Vecchio-Blanco C. Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy of portal vein thrombosis in liver cirrhosis: results in 15 patients. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1995; 10:662-5. [PMID: 8580410 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.1995.tb01367.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Between 1988 and 1992 ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsies of thromboses in the main branches of the portal vein were carried out in 15 patients with liver cirrhosis. The aims of the study were to evaluate the usefulness, feasibility and diagnostic accuracy of this procedure in cirrhotics with known or suspected hepatocellular carcinoma. The procedure was carried out only in patients with a platelet count > or = 40,000/microL and prothrombin activity > or = 40%. A single pass, with a 22 gauge spinal needle, was performed in the portal vein lumen. Diagnosis of the aetiology of the portal vein thrombosis was obtained in all 15 cases. In 12 cases, a cytological diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma was made. In one case, the neoplastic cells aspirated were compatible with adenocarcinoma, and a subsequent colonoscopy confirmed the presence of colonic cancer. The material aspirated was compatible with chemically-induced thrombosis in one patient who had undergone several percutaneous ethanol injection sessions for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma, and in the last case only blood was aspirated, thus ruling out the coexistence of hepatic cancer. We conclude that fine needle aspiration biopsy of portal vein thrombosis is a feasible, low risk procedure that facilitates the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma when fine needle biopsy of focal liver lesions fails. Fine needle aspiration biopsy of portal vein thrombosis is also useful in excluding neoplastic aetiology of portal vein thrombosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I De Sio
- Dipartimento di Internistica Clinica e Sperimentale F. Magrassi-Cattedra di Gastroenterologia, II Ateneo di Napoli Medical School, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Castellano L, De Sio I, Silvestrino F, Marmo R, Del Vecchio Blanco C. Cholelithiasis in patients with chronic active liver disease: evaluation of risk factors. Ital J Gastroenterol 1995; 27:425-9. [PMID: 8775468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the prevalence of gallstones in patients with chronic active liver disease in relation to age, sex, family history of gallstones, number of pregnancies, obesity, diabetes mellitus, aetiology of liver disease and presence or not of cirrhosis. We studied 508 patients (411 with liver cirrhosis and 97 with chronic active hepatitis) by ultrasonography. Overall prevalence of gallstones and previous cholecystectomy was 22.6% and 8.5%, respectively. A higher prevalence of gallstones was found in the subjects studied, matched for sex and age, than in the general Italian population. Univariate analysis of data showed that the prevalence of gallstones is higher in females and increases with age in both sexes and with the progression of liver disease to cirrhosis. No significant association was found between gallstones and lithogenic familiarity, obesity, diabetes mellitus, number of pregnancies and alcohol abuse. In multiple logistic regression analysis of data, female sex, increasing age and cirrhosis in the whole series, age in males and cirrhosis in females proved to be the only independent variables associated with gallstones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Castellano
- Cattedra di Gastroenterologia, II Università di Napoli, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Castaldo G, Castellano L, De Sio I, Mostarda I, Cimino L, Budillon G, Sacchetti L, Loguercio C, Del Vecchio Blanco C, Salvatore F. Early biochemical evidence of neoplasm in a case of ascites of unknown origin. Clin Chem 1995; 41:1203-4. [PMID: 7628104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
32
|
Castaldo G, Castellano L, De Sio I, Mostarda I, Cimino L, Budillon G, Sacchetti L, Loguercio C, Del Vecchio Blanco C, Salvatore F. Early biochemical evidence of neoplasm in a case of ascites of unknown origin. Clin Chem 1995. [DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/41.8.1203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
33
|
Castaldo G, Oriani G, Cimino L, Topa M, Mostarda I, Castellano L, Del Vecchio-Blanco C, Budillon G, Salvatore F, Sacchetti L. Total discrimination of peritoneal malignant ascites from cirrhosis- and hepatocarcinoma-associated ascites by assays of ascitic cholesterol and lactate dehydrogenase. Clin Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/40.3.478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
No laboratory test completely distinguishes malignant ascites (MA) from ascites associated with cirrhosis and (or) hepatocellular carcinoma (A/C-HC). Ascitic cytology is highly specific but has a diagnostic sensitivity of only 40-60%. We determined 11 ascitic analytes and cytology in 58 patients with cirrhosis, 15 with hepatocellular carcinoma, and 21 with MA (10 ovarian cancers, 4 mesotheliomas, 6 gastrointestinal neoplasias, 1 leukemia). Ascitic total protein, cholesterol, pseudouridine, and lactate dehydrogenase (LD), and the ascitic:serum ratios of total protein and of LD showed the most significant differences between the two groups of patients. Stepwise multiple linear discriminant analysis (applying the Wilks' lambda criterion) of several variables, corroborated by the "jack-knife" reallocation procedure, showed that the ascitic cholesterol and ascitic LD association correctly identified 100% of MA and A/C-HC; cytology had a diagnostic specificity of 100%, but identified only 48% of MA. This association may represent a primary tool for the discrimination of ascites of unknown origin, particularly in the presence of negative cytology findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Castaldo
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche, Facoltà di Medicina, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - G Oriani
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche, Facoltà di Medicina, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - L Cimino
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche, Facoltà di Medicina, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - M Topa
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche, Facoltà di Medicina, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - I Mostarda
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche, Facoltà di Medicina, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - L Castellano
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche, Facoltà di Medicina, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - C Del Vecchio-Blanco
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche, Facoltà di Medicina, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - G Budillon
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche, Facoltà di Medicina, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - F Salvatore
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche, Facoltà di Medicina, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - L Sacchetti
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche, Facoltà di Medicina, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Castaldo G, Oriani G, Cimino L, Topa M, Mostarda I, Castellano L, Del Vecchio-Blanco C, Budillon G, Salvatore F, Sacchetti L. Total discrimination of peritoneal malignant ascites from cirrhosis- and hepatocarcinoma-associated ascites by assays of ascitic cholesterol and lactate dehydrogenase. Clin Chem 1994; 40:478-83. [PMID: 8131285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
No laboratory test completely distinguishes malignant ascites (MA) from ascites associated with cirrhosis and (or) hepatocellular carcinoma (A/C-HC). Ascitic cytology is highly specific but has a diagnostic sensitivity of only 40-60%. We determined 11 ascitic analytes and cytology in 58 patients with cirrhosis, 15 with hepatocellular carcinoma, and 21 with MA (10 ovarian cancers, 4 mesotheliomas, 6 gastrointestinal neoplasias, 1 leukemia). Ascitic total protein, cholesterol, pseudouridine, and lactate dehydrogenase (LD), and the ascitic:serum ratios of total protein and of LD showed the most significant differences between the two groups of patients. Stepwise multiple linear discriminant analysis (applying the Wilks' lambda criterion) of several variables, corroborated by the "jack-knife" reallocation procedure, showed that the ascitic cholesterol and ascitic LD association correctly identified 100% of MA and A/C-HC; cytology had a diagnostic specificity of 100%, but identified only 48% of MA. This association may represent a primary tool for the discrimination of ascites of unknown origin, particularly in the presence of negative cytology findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Castaldo
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche, Facoltà di Medicina, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zeppa P, Vetrani A, Palombini L, Chiacchio R, Zabatta A, De Sio I, Castellano L, Calandra M, Fulciniti F, De Rosa G. Evolution of DNA content in small and well-differentiated hepatocarcinoma. Anal Quant Cytol Histol 1993; 15:12-22. [PMID: 8385952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
DNA ploidy of 10 well-differentiated hepatocarcinomas was evaluated by densitometry on smears obtained by fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) with ultrasound guidance. Because of diagnostic difficulties or an increase in tumor size, FNAB was repeated once in six cases and twice in four. All the material collected was then analyzed to study the variation of DNA content over time in these neoplasms. The study was performed on Feulgen-stained slides using an IBAS image analyzer system. DNA ploidy was evaluated by visual interpretation of the corresponding histograms and by calculating the 5c exceeding rate (5cER), 2c deviation index (2cDI) and DNA malignancy grade (DNA-MG). In the first samples seven cases were euploid (four diploid and three polyploid), with 5cER < 5; three cases were aneuploid, with 5cER > 5. In the second samples, taken after four or six weeks, eight cases became aneuploid, with 5cER > 5, and two cases were polyploid, with 5cER > 5. Four cases in which a third FNAB was performed resulted in aneuploidy, with 5cER > 5. A progressive increase in aneuploidy, 5cER and DNA-MG values was observed in six cases in the second FNAB and in one case in the third FNAB along with the increasing size of the nodules. In only one case we observed a paradoxical reduction in the 5cER in the third FNAB; the corresponding histogram remained aneuploid. Limitations could have occurred because of sampling small nodules under ultrasound guidance and because of the relatively small number of cells measured. DNA evaluation seems to be useful in the diagnosis of hepatocarcinoma and in the study of its biologic features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Zeppa
- Laboratory, Cytopathology Service, Second Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Fedrico II, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Balacco-Gabrieli C, Castellano L, Palmisano C, Picardo V. New applications of the neodymium: yttrium aluminum garnet laser in the Q-switched mode: experimental results. Ann Ophthalmol 1992; 24:216-9. [PMID: 1444082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We describe the interaction of the neodymium: yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser energy with intraocular lenses using the laser in the Q-switched mode. Using this method, it is possible to treat opacities that eventually might occur at the level of the visual axis on the optic faces of polymethylmethacrylate intraocular lenses (IOLs) if safety parameters (perfect focusing, use of additional lenses, and slight and continuous movement of the focal point of the laser) are followed. However, it is not possible to treat the silicone IOLs with the Nd:YAG laser because the threshold values for damage to the IOL are lower than the energy values required for destroying the capsular opacities on the optic axis.
Collapse
|
37
|
de Sio I, Castellano L, Calandra M, Falzarano IR, Zeppa P. Diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma by fine needle biopsy of portal vein thrombosis. Ital J Gastroenterol 1992; 24:75-6. [PMID: 1374276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The authors describe a case of HBsAg positive liver cirrhosis and elevated alpha-fetoprotein value (AFP) where imaging techniques failed to detect focal liver changes. Diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma was reached by ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy of portal vein thrombosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I de Sio
- Istituto di Medicina Generale e Metodologia Clinica, Università di Napoli, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Coltorti M, Del Vecchio-Blanco C, Caporaso N, Gallo C, Castellano L. Liver cirrhosis in Italy. A multicentre study on presenting modalities and the impact on health care resources. National Project on Liver Cirrhosis Group. Ital J Gastroenterol 1991; 23:42-8. [PMID: 1747499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A cross-sectional multicentric study was carried out over a six-month period as part of the "Progetto Nazionale Cirrosi Epatica", in order to update information about: a) the prevalence of different aetiologic factors and various nosological varieties of cirrhosis in Italy, as well as its presenting modalities; b) the currently used approach either to the diagnosis or the treatment of complications of cirrhosis; c) the impact of liver cirrhosis on medical care in terms of number of hospitalizations and length of hospital stay, instrumental procedures and management, and d) the size of patient's population referred to the participating centers, in order to help design further studies. From February 1st through July 31st 1987, 1,386 forms relative to 1,101 patients were collected. In 320 patients the diagnosis of cirrhosis was first made during the investigation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Coltorti
- Cattedra di Clinica Medica, I Facoltà di Medicina, Università di Napoli, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Balacco Gabrieli C, Angarano G, Moramarco A, LoCaputo S, Castellano L. Ocular manifestations in HIV-seropositive patients. Ann Ophthalmol 1990; 22:173-6. [PMID: 1973340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A total of 153 patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection underwent complete ophthalmologic examinations for the presence of any eye pathology. We wanted to show a correlation between such pathology and total CD4+ lymphocyte count, believed to be an indicator of immunologic status. The most frequently encountered lesions were cotton-wool patches, vascular congestion, hemorrhages, chorioretinitis, segmental vasculitis, and pallid papilla. Almost all of the patients with ocular anomalies also had a CD4+ count of less than 200 cells/mm3 suggesting that ocular lesions have a negative prognostic significance even in asymptomatic patients who present with a severe impairment of their immune system.
Collapse
|
40
|
Balacco-Gabrieli C, Palmisano C, Lorusso V, Castellano L. [Lyell's syndrome caused by allopurinol. Clinical case]. Ophtalmologie 1988; 2:123-6. [PMID: 3247146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
41
|
Oliveira CG, Bucco C, Reksiedler J, dos Santos L, Tedesco L, Castellano L, Abrão M, da Silva M, Vörös EG. [Analysis of the use of fluoridated dentifrices in Curitiba]. Dens (Curitiba) 1988; 4:27-35. [PMID: 3274135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The use of fluoride dentifrices in Curitiba (Brazil) was studied. The scholarity and socio-economical levels of the population were related to the use of fluoride dentifrices. The sample was composed of 155 persons, men and women. The results showed that 96.8% used dentifrices, but only 36.2% used fluoride dentifrices. The use of fluoride dentifrices was more significant among the higher socioeconomical and school levels.
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Using a multimode and a fundamental mode Q-switched Nd-YAG laser, the authors study the possible damages to glass and PMMA IOLs in vitro. The fundamental parameters in this evaluation seem to be the distance between the focus and the IOL and the power delivered.
Collapse
|
43
|
Balacco-Gabrieli C, Castellano L, Palmisano C, Tundo R, Lorusso VV. Iris cysts in three generations conveyed by means of a genetic process connected with sex. Ophthalmic Paediatr Genet 1985; 6:319-24. [PMID: 4069592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The authors report a case of pigmented cysts of the iris, observed in female subjects of the same family and of three generations. They hypothesize that it may be due to a hereditary alteration connected to sex, and believe it should be considered as a mesodermal alteration, occurring during embryonic development. The treatment has been para-surgical by means of a Nd-YAG laser, operating in a free-running mode, with impulses directed onto the cysts.
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
The authors report on their experience with Microruptor 2, Fankhauser's YAG laser. Over a period of about 18 months, approximately 500 patients with different pathological conditions of the eye were treated. The treatments were noninvasive and given to outpatients under surface anesthesia. The instrument is suitable for use in cases requiring splitting of cataract residues, in capsulotomies (also in the presence of intraocular lenses), in the treatment of iridocorneal adhesions, in the prophylaxis of acute attacks of glaucoma, in ectopia pupillae, and in selected cases of vitreous membranes and strands.
Collapse
|