High IL-10 production by aged AIDS patients is related to high frequency of Tr-1 phenotype and low in vitro viral replication

This work aims to elucidate the effects of age and HIV-1 infection on the frequency and function of T cell subsets in response to HIV-specific and non-specific stimuli. As compared with the younger AIDS group, the frequencies of naive and central memory T cells were significantly lower in aged AIDS patients. Although there was also a dramatic loss of classical CD4(+)FoxP3(+)CD25(+)Treg cells in this patient group, high frequencies of IL-10-producing CD4(+)FoxP3(-) T cells were observed. In our system, the increased production of IL-10 in aged AIDS patients was mainly derived from Env-specific CD4(+)FoxP3(-)CD152(+) T cells. Interestingly, while the blockade of IL-10 activity by monoclonal antibody clearly enhanced the release of IL-6 and IL-1β by Env-stimulated PBMC cultures from aged AIDS patients, this monoclonal antibody enhanced in vitro HIV-1-replication. In conclusion, HIV infection and aging undoubtedly contribute synergistically to a complex immune dysfunction in T cell compartment of HAART-treated older HIV-infected individuals.

Fatores que contribuem para o desmame precoce

Durante os estágios realizados em dois Centros de Saúde de Ribeirão Preto, Estado de São Paulo, como parte do curso de Habilitação em Saúde Pública, 60 mães foram entrevistadas, visando conhecer a situação do aleitamento materno entre a população servida por aquelas instituições. As autoras observaram que muitas mães não levavam adiante o aleitamento de seus filhos. Frente a esta problemática, decidiram fazer um levantamento para detectar os fatores que contribuem para o desmame, e partindo daí, apresentam e discutem os resultados encontrados.