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Diniz MSDF, Mourão MM, Xavier LP, Santos AV. Recent Biotechnological Applications of Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) in the Biomedical Sector-A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4405. [PMID: 38006129 PMCID: PMC10675258 DOI: 10.3390/polym15224405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Petroleum-derived plastics are materials of great importance for the contemporary lifestyle, and are widely used commercially because they are low cost, resistant, malleable, and weightless, in addition to their hydrophobic character. However, some factors that confer the qualities of these materials also cause problems, mainly environmental, associated with their use. The COVID-19 pandemic aggravated these impacts due to the high demand for personal protective equipment and the packaging sector. In this scenario, bioplastics are environmentally positive alternatives to these plastics due to their applicability in several areas ranging from packaging, to biomedicine, to agriculture. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biodegradable biopolymers usually produced by microorganisms as an energy reserve. Their structural variability provides a wide range of applications, making them a viable option to replace polluting materials. PHAs can be applied in various biotechnology sectors, such as producing drug carriers and scaffolds for tissue engineering. This review aimed to survey works published in the last five years on the study and biotechnological application of PHAs in the biomedical sector, exploring the versatility and advantages of their use and helping to understand how to enhance their application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Silva da Fonseca Diniz
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Enzymes and Biotransformations, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (M.M.M.); (L.P.X.)
| | | | | | - Agenor Valadares Santos
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Enzymes and Biotransformations, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (M.M.M.); (L.P.X.)
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do Amaral SC, Xavier LP, Vasconcelos V, Santos AV. Cyanobacteria: A Promising Source of Antifungal Metabolites. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:359. [PMID: 37367684 DOI: 10.3390/md21060359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are a rich source of secondary metabolites, and they have received a great deal of attention due to their applicability in different industrial sectors. Some of these substances are known for their notorious ability to inhibit fungal growth. Such metabolites are very chemically and biologically diverse. They can belong to different chemical classes, including peptides, fatty acids, alkaloids, polyketides, and macrolides. Moreover, they can also target different cell components. Filamentous cyanobacteria have been the main source of these compounds. This review aims to identify the key features of these antifungal agents, as well as the sources from which they are obtained, their major targets, and the environmental factors involved when they are being produced. For the preparation of this work, a total of 642 documents dating from 1980 to 2022 were consulted, including patents, original research, review articles, and theses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Cavalcante do Amaral
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Enzymes and Biotransformation, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Luciana Pereira Xavier
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Enzymes and Biotransformation, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Vítor Vasconcelos
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Edifício FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Agenor Valadares Santos
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Enzymes and Biotransformation, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
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Serra GM, Siqueira AS, de Molfetta FA, Santos AV, Xavier LP. In Silico Analysis of a GH3 β-Glucosidase from Microcystis aeruginosa CACIAM 03. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040998. [PMID: 37110421 PMCID: PMC10146135 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are rich sources of secondary metabolites and have the potential to be excellent industrial enzyme producers. β-glucosidases are extensively employed in processing biomass degradation as they mediate the most crucial step of bioconversion of cellobiose (CBI), hence controlling the efficiency and global rate of biomass hydrolysis. However, the production and availability of these enzymes derived from cyanobacteria remains limited. In this study, we evaluated the β-glucosidase from Microcystis aeruginosa CACIAM 03 (MaBgl3) and its potential for bioconversion of cellulosic biomass by analyzing primary/secondary structures, predicting physicochemical properties, homology modeling, molecular docking, and simulations of molecular dynamics (MD). The results showed that MaBgl3 derives from an N-terminal domain folded as a distorted β-barrel, which contains the conserved His-Asp catalytic dyad often found in glycosylases of the GH3 family. The molecular docking results showed relevant interactions with Asp81, Ala271 and Arg444 residues that contribute to the binding process during MD simulation. Moreover, the MD simulation of the MaBgl3 was stable, shown by analyzing the root mean square deviation (RMSD) values and observing favorable binding free energy in both complexes. In addition, experimental data suggest that MaBgl3 could be a potential enzyme for cellobiose-hydrolyzing degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Marques Serra
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Enzimas e Biotransformações, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará-UFPA, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Andrei Santos Siqueira
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Biomolecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará-UFPA, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Fábio Alberto de Molfetta
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará-UFPA, Belém 66075-10, Brazil
| | - Agenor Valadares Santos
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Enzimas e Biotransformações, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará-UFPA, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Luciana Pereira Xavier
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Enzimas e Biotransformações, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará-UFPA, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
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de Lima JB, da Silva Fonseca LP, Xavier LP, de Matos Macchi B, Cassoli JS, da Silva EO, da Silva Valadares RB, do Nascimento JLM, Santos AV, de Sena CBC. Culture of Mycobacterium smegmatis in Different Carbon Sources to Induce In Vitro Cholesterol Consumption Leads to Alterations in the Host Cells after Infection: A Macrophage Proteomics Analysis. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10060662. [PMID: 34071265 PMCID: PMC8230116 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10060662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
During tuberculosis, Mycobacterium uses host macrophage cholesterol as a carbon and energy source. To mimic these conditions, Mycobacterium smegmatis can be cultured in minimal medium (MM) to induce cholesterol consumption in vitro. During cultivation, M. smegmatis consumes MM cholesterol and changes the accumulation of cell wall compounds, such as PIMs, LM, and LAM, which plays an important role in its pathogenicity. These changes lead to cell surface hydrophobicity modifications and H2O2 susceptibility. Furthermore, when M. smegmatis infects J774A.1 macrophages, it induces granuloma-like structure formation. The present study aims to assess macrophage molecular disturbances caused by M. smegmatis after cholesterol consumption, using proteomics analyses. Proteins that showed changes in expression levels were analyzed in silico using OmicsBox and String analysis to investigate the canonical pathways and functional networks involved in infection. Our results demonstrate that, after cholesterol consumption, M. smegmatis can induce deregulation of protein expression in macrophages. Many of these proteins are related to cytoskeleton remodeling, immune response, the ubiquitination pathway, mRNA processing, and immunometabolism. The identification of these proteins sheds light on the biochemical pathways involved in the mechanisms of action of mycobacteria infection, and may suggest novel protein targets for the development of new and improved treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Batista de Lima
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (J.B.d.L.); (E.O.d.S.)
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Enzymes and Biotransformations, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (L.P.X.); (A.V.S.)
| | | | - Luciana Pereira Xavier
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Enzymes and Biotransformations, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (L.P.X.); (A.V.S.)
| | - Barbarella de Matos Macchi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (B.d.M.M.); (J.L.M.d.N.)
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Juliana Silva Cassoli
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil;
| | - Edilene Oliveira da Silva
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (J.B.d.L.); (E.O.d.S.)
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - José Luiz Martins do Nascimento
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (B.d.M.M.); (J.L.M.d.N.)
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Agenor Valadares Santos
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Enzymes and Biotransformations, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (L.P.X.); (A.V.S.)
| | - Chubert Bernardo Castro de Sena
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (J.B.d.L.); (E.O.d.S.)
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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Cardoso FJB, Xavier LP, Santos AV, Pereira HD, Santos LDS, Molfetta FAD. Identification of potential inhibitors of Schistosoma mansoni purine nucleoside phosphorylase from neolignan compounds using molecular modelling approaches. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:8248-8260. [PMID: 33830889 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1910073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease that is part of the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), which cause significant levels of morbidity and mortality in millions of people throughout the world. The enzyme purine nucleoside phosphorylase from Schistosoma mansoni (SmPNP) represents a potential target for discovering new agents, and neolignans stand out as an important class of compounds. In this work, molecular modeling studies and biological assays of a set of neolignans were conducted against the PNP enzymes of the parasite and the human homologue (HssPNP). The results of the molecular docking described that the neolignans showed good complementarity by the active site of SmPNP. Molecular dynamics (MD) studies revealed that both complexes (Sm/HssPNP - neolignan compounds) were stable by analyzing the root mean square deviation (RMSD) values, and the binding free energy values suggest that the selected structures can interact and inhibit the catalytic activity of the SmPNP. Finally, the biological assay indicated that the selected neolignans presented a better molecular profile of inhibition compared to the human enzyme, as these ligands did not have the capacity to inhibit enzymatic activity, indicating that these compounds are promising candidates and that they can be used in future research in chemotherapy for schistosomiasis.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio José Bonfim Cardoso
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Luciana Pereira Xavier
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Enzimas e Biotransformação, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém-PA, Brazil
| | - Agenor Valadares Santos
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Enzimas e Biotransformação, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém-PA, Brazil
| | - Humberto D'Muniz Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos-SP, Brazil
| | - Lourivaldo da Silva Santos
- Laboratório de Síntese e Produtos Naturais, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém-PA, Brazil
| | - Fábio Alberto de Molfetta
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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Mourão MM, Xavier LP, Urbatzka R, Figueiroa LB, da Costa CEF, Dias CGBT, Schneider MPC, Vasconcelos V, Santos AV. Characterization and Biotechnological Potential of Intracellular Polyhydroxybutyrate by Stigeoclonium sp. B23 Using Cassava Peel as Carbon Source. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13050687. [PMID: 33668862 PMCID: PMC7956423 DOI: 10.3390/polym13050687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The possibility of utilizing lignocellulosic agro-industrial waste products such as cassava peel hydrolysate (CPH) as carbon sources for polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) biosynthesis and characterization by Amazonian microalga Stigeoclonium sp. B23. was investigated. Cassava peel was hydrolyzed to reducing sugars to obtain increased glucose content with 2.56 ± 0.07 mmol/L. Prior to obtaining PHB, Stigeoclonium sp. B23 was grown in BG-11 for characterization and Z8 media for evaluation of PHB nanoparticles' cytotoxicity in zebrafish embryos. As results, microalga produced the highest amount of dry weight of PHB with 12.16 ± 1.28 (%) in modified Z8 medium, and PHB nanoparticles exerted some toxicity on zebrafish embryos at concentrations of 6.25-100 µg/mL, increased mortality (<35%) and lethality indicators as lack of somite formation (<25%), non-detachment of tail, and lack of heartbeat (both <15%). Characterization of PHB by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and thermogravimetry (TGA) analysis revealed the polymer obtained from CPH cultivation to be morphologically, thermally, physically, and biologically acceptable and promising for its use as a biomaterial and confirmed the structure of the polymer as PHB. The findings revealed that microalgal PHB from Stigeoclonium sp. B23 was a promising and biologically feasible new option with high commercial value, potential for biomaterial applications, and also suggested the use of cassava peel as an alternative renewable resource of carbon for PHB biosynthesis and the non-use of agro-industrial waste and dumping concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murilo Moraes Mourão
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Enzymes and Biotransformations, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, 66075-110 Belém, Pará, Brazil;
- Correspondence: (M.M.M.); (A.V.S.)
| | - Luciana Pereira Xavier
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Enzymes and Biotransformations, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, 66075-110 Belém, Pará, Brazil;
| | - Ralph Urbatzka
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research—CIIMAR, University of Porto, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal; (R.U.); (V.V.)
| | - Lucas Barbosa Figueiroa
- Laboratory of Oils of the Amazon, Guamá Science and Technology Park, Federal University of Pará, 66075-750 Belém, Pará, Brazil; (L.B.F.); (C.E.F.d.C.)
| | - Carlos Emmerson Ferreira da Costa
- Laboratory of Oils of the Amazon, Guamá Science and Technology Park, Federal University of Pará, 66075-750 Belém, Pará, Brazil; (L.B.F.); (C.E.F.d.C.)
| | | | | | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research—CIIMAR, University of Porto, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal; (R.U.); (V.V.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4069-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Agenor Valadares Santos
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Enzymes and Biotransformations, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, 66075-110 Belém, Pará, Brazil;
- Correspondence: (M.M.M.); (A.V.S.)
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do Amaral SC, Santos AV, da Cruz Schneider MP, da Silva JKR, Xavier LP. Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds and Antibacterial Activity of the Amazonian Cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. Strain GFB01. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204744. [PMID: 33081080 PMCID: PMC7587573 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria exhibit great biotechnological potential due to their capacity to produce compounds with various applicability. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) possess low molecular weight and high vapor pressure. Many volatiles produced by microorganisms have biotechnological potential, including antimicrobial activity. This study aimed to investigate the VOCs synthesized by cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strain GFB01, and the influence of nitrate and phosphate on its antibacterial potential. The strain was isolated from the surface of the freshwater lagoon Lagoa dos Índios, Amapá state, in Northern Brazil. After cultivation, the VOCs were extracted by a simultaneous distillation-extraction process, using a Likens-Nickerson apparatus (2 h), and then identified by GC-MS. The extracts did not display inhibitory activity against the Gram-positive bacteria tested by the disk-diffusion agar method. However, the anti-Salmonella property in both extracts (methanol and aqueous) was detected. The main VOCs identified were heptadecane (81.32%) and octadecyl acetate (11.71%). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of VOCs emitted by a cyanobacterium from the Amazon that reports the occurrence of 6-pentadecanol and octadecyl acetate in cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Cavalcante do Amaral
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Enzymes and Biotransformation, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Para, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (S.C.d.A.); (A.V.S.)
| | - Agenor Valadares Santos
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Enzymes and Biotransformation, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Para, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (S.C.d.A.); (A.V.S.)
| | - Maria Paula da Cruz Schneider
- Center of Genomics and Systems Biology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Para, Belém 66075-110, Brazil;
| | - Joyce Kelly Rosário da Silva
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Enzymes and Biotransformation, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Para, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (S.C.d.A.); (A.V.S.)
- Correspondence: (J.K.R.d.S.); (L.P.X.); Tel.: +55-91-3201-8426 (J.K.R.d.S.)
| | - Luciana Pereira Xavier
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Enzymes and Biotransformation, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Para, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (S.C.d.A.); (A.V.S.)
- Correspondence: (J.K.R.d.S.); (L.P.X.); Tel.: +55-91-3201-8426 (J.K.R.d.S.)
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Gomes Gradíssimo D, Pereira Xavier L, Valadares Santos A. Cyanobacterial Polyhydroxyalkanoates: A Sustainable Alternative in Circular Economy. Molecules 2020; 25:E4331. [PMID: 32971731 PMCID: PMC7571216 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional petrochemical plastics have become a serious environmental problem. Its unbridled use, especially in non-durable goods, has generated an accumulation of waste that is difficult to measure, threatening aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. The replacement of these plastics with cleaner alternatives, such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), can only be achieved by cost reductions in the production of microbial bioplastics, in order to compete with the very low costs of fossil fuel plastics. The biggest costs are carbon sources and nutrients, which can be appeased with the use of photosynthetic organisms, such as cyanobacteria, that have a minimum requirement for nutrients, and also using agro-industrial waste, such as the livestock industry, which in turn benefits from the by-products of PHA biotechnological production, for example pigments and nutrients. Circular economy can help solve the current problems in the search for a sustainable production of bioplastic: reducing production costs, reusing waste, mitigating CO2, promoting bioremediation and making better use of cyanobacteria metabolites in different industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Gomes Gradíssimo
- Post Graduation Program in Biotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Pará, Augusto Corrêa Street, Guamá, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Enzymes and Biotransformations, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Pará, Augusto Corrêa Street, Guamá, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil;
| | - Luciana Pereira Xavier
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Enzymes and Biotransformations, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Pará, Augusto Corrêa Street, Guamá, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil;
| | - Agenor Valadares Santos
- Post Graduation Program in Biotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Pará, Augusto Corrêa Street, Guamá, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Enzymes and Biotransformations, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Pará, Augusto Corrêa Street, Guamá, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil;
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Lima ARJ, Siqueira AS, de Vasconcelos JM, Pereira JS, de Azevedo JSN, Moraes PHG, Aguiar DCF, de Lima CPS, Vianez-Júnior JLSG, Nunes MRT, Xavier LP, Dall'Agnol LT, Goncalves EC. Insights Into Limnothrix sp. Metabolism Based on Comparative Genomics. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2811. [PMID: 30515147 PMCID: PMC6256058 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently only four genome sequences for Limnothrix spp. are publicly available, and information on the genetic properties of cyanobacteria belonging to this genus is limited. In this study, we report the draft genome of Limnothrix sp. CACIAM 69d, isolated from the reservoir of a hydroelectric dam located in the Amazon ecosystem, from where cyanobacterial genomic data are still scarce. Comparative genomic analysis of Limnothrix revealed the presence of key enzymes in the cyanobacterial central carbon metabolism and how it is well equipped for environmental sulfur and nitrogen acquisition. Additionally, this work covered the analysis of Limnothrix CRISPR-Cas systems, pathways related to biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and assembly of extracellular polymeric substances and their exportation. A trans-AT PKS gene cluster was identified in two strains, possibly related to the novel toxin Limnothrixin biosynthesis. Overall, the draft genome of Limnothrix sp. CACIAM 69d adds new data to the small Limnothrix genome library and contributes to a growing representativeness of cyanobacterial genomes from the Amazon region. The comparative genomic analysis of Limnothrix made it possible to highlight unique genes for each strain and understand the overall features of their metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Ranieri Jerônimo Lima
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Biomolecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Andrei Santos Siqueira
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Biomolecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Janaina Mota de Vasconcelos
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Biomolecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - James Siqueira Pereira
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade Molecular, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Campus de Capanema, Capanema, Brazil
| | - Juliana Simão Nina de Azevedo
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade Molecular, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Campus de Capanema, Capanema, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Luciana Pereira Xavier
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Enzimas e Biotransformações, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Teixeira Dall'Agnol
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade, Bioprospecção e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Evonnildo Costa Goncalves
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Biomolecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
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Oliveira MGA, De Simone SG, Xavier LP, Guedes RNC. Partial purification and characterization of digestive trypsin-like proteases from the velvet bean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2005; 140:369-80. [PMID: 15694584 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2004.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2004] [Revised: 10/29/2004] [Accepted: 10/31/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Trypsin-like proteases from the midgut of Anticarsia gemmatalis Hubner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) were purified on an aprotinin-agarose column equilibrated with 0.01 M Tris-HCl containing 5 mM CaCl2 (pH 7.5). The yield was 66.7% with a purification factor of 107 and a final specific activity of 6.88 mM/min/mg protein with the substrate N-alpha-benzoyl-L-Arg-p-nitroanilide (L-BApNA). The purified fraction showed three bands with proteolytic activity and molecular weights of 66,000, 71,000 and 91,000 (sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE)). Enzyme specificity assays were carried out using seven synthetic peptides containing 13 amino acid residues, but differing only on the 5th residue (K, R, Y, L, W or P). Peptide cleavage takes place only with amino acids K or R at the 5th position, which is typical of trypsin. The partially purified enzymes hydrolyzed casein and the synthetic trypsin substrates L-BApNA and N-alpha-p-tosyl-L-Arg methyl ester (L-TAME). Higher activity was observed at pH 8.5 and 35 degrees C when using L-BApNA as substrate and at pH 8.0 and 30 degrees C when using L-TAME. Maximum enzyme activity against L-BApNA was obtained with 20 mM CaCl2 in the reaction mixture. The partially purified enzymes showing trypsin activity were sensitive to inhibition by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), phenylmethyl sulphonyl fluoride (PMSF), N-alpha-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone (TLCK), benzamidine and aprotinin. Highest inhibition was obtained with TLCK and benzamidine. KM values obtained were 0.32 mM for L-BApNA and 52.5 microM for L-TAME.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G A Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada a Agropecuária (BIOAGRO), Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36571-000, Brazil.
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