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Biget M, Wang T, Mony C, Xu Q, Lecoq L, Chable V, Theis KR, Ling N, Vandenkoornhuyse P. Evaluating the hologenome concept by analyzing the root-endosphere microbiota of chimeric plants. iScience 2023; 26:106031. [PMID: 36824281 PMCID: PMC9941212 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The hologenome concept considers the entity formed by a host and its microbiota, the holobiont, as new level of hierarchical organization subject to neutral and selective forces. We used grafted plants to formally evaluate the hologenome concept. We analyzed the root-endosphere microbiota of two independent watermelon and grapevine plant systems, including ungrafted and reciprocal-grafting combinations. Grafted and ungrafted hosts harbor markedly different microbiota compositions. Furthermore, the results indicate a non-random assembly of bacterial communities inhabiting the root endosphere of chimeric plants with interactive effect of both the rootstock and scion on the recruitment of microorganisms. Because chimeric plants did not have a random microbiota, the null hypothesis that holobionts assemble randomly and hologenome concept is an intellectual construction only can be rejected. The study supports the relevance of hologenome as biological level of organization and opens new avenues for a better fundamental understanding of plants as holobionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Biget
- Université de Rennes 1, CNRS, UMR 6553 ECOBIO (écosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution), 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Tingting Wang
- Université de Rennes 1, CNRS, UMR 6553 ECOBIO (écosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution), 35000 Rennes, France,Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Cendrine Mony
- Université de Rennes 1, CNRS, UMR 6553 ECOBIO (écosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution), 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Qicheng Xu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lucie Lecoq
- Université de Rennes 1, CNRS, UMR 6553 ECOBIO (écosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution), 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Véronique Chable
- UMR BAGAP INRAE, Centre Bretagne-Normandie, Domaine de la Motte, BP35327, 35653 Le Rheu Cedex, France
| | - Kevin R. Theis
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ning Ling
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China,Corresponding author
| | - Philippe Vandenkoornhuyse
- Université de Rennes 1, CNRS, UMR 6553 ECOBIO (écosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution), 35000 Rennes, France,Corresponding author
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Abstract
Landscape structure is a major driver of biodiversity in agricultural landscapes. However, the response of biodiversity can be delayed after landscape changes. This study aimed to determine the effect of current and past landscape structure on plant and bird assemblages. We used a trait-based approach to understand their responses to landscape simplification and habitat fragmentation. We quantified landscape structure at three different years (1963, 1985, 2000) and sampled current plant and bird assemblages in twenty 1 km2 landscape windows located along the Seine Valley (France). For each window, we calculated plant and bird species richness, Community Weighted Variance (CWV), and Community Weighted Mean (CWM) of five functional traits related to dispersal capacity, reproduction, and life-cycle. We detected non-random patterns of traits for both taxa. Plant and bird species richness was lower in simple landscapes. The functional variance of plant traits was higher in landscapes simple in configuration. Both plant and bird assemblages strongly responded to past landscapes, especially their traits related to reproduction and life-cycle. It suggests that landscapes of the Seine valley will face a functional extinction debt. Further research is needed to better predict the delayed response of biodiversity expected to occur after landscape structure changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Lecoq
- grid.410368.80000 0001 2191 9284UMR CNRS ECOBIO, University of Rennes 1, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Aude Ernoult
- grid.410368.80000 0001 2191 9284UMR CNRS ECOBIO, University of Rennes 1, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Cendrine Mony
- grid.410368.80000 0001 2191 9284UMR CNRS ECOBIO, University of Rennes 1, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
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Lecoq L, L’hériteau F, Blanchard H, Nkoumazok B, Astagneau P, Aujard Y, Boileau P, Letouzey M. Le petit poids pour l’âge gestationnel augmente le risque d’infection néonatale tardive chez les grands prématurés. Med Mal Infect 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2019.04.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lecoq L, Moula N, Amory H, Rollin F, Leroux A. Two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography in calves: feasibility and repeatability study. J Vet Cardiol 2018; 20:45-54. [PMID: 29395940 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the feasibility and repeatability of two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography for the evaluation of left ventricular function in healthy calves. ANIMALS 12 Holstein calves, 62 ± 11.6 days old; 75.25 ± 5.4 Kg. METHODS Observational study. Right parasternal short-axis views at papillary muscle level were recorded in standing calves and subsequently analyzed by two-dimensional speckle tracking for global and regional radial and circumferential strains and strain rates and radial displacement. Echocardiographic examinations were performed by 2 observers to evaluate intra- and interobserver repeatability and variability. RESULTS Two-dimensional speckle tracking was feasible in all calves. Automated tracking was better in systole than in diastole. Repeatability of the technique was good in calves. Systolic radial strain and strain rate peak values showed little variability compared with systolic circumferential strain and strain rate and to all diastolic measurements. Variability of the interobserver measurements was greater than the intraobserver measurements. CONCLUSIONS Two-dimensional speckle tracking is feasible in calves. As in other species, evaluation of systolic radial left ventricular function is more reliable than circumferential and diastolic left ventricular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lecoq
- Clinical Department of Companion Animals and Equids, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Quartier Vallée 2 B41, Avenue de Cureghem 5A-5D, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - N Moula
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Quartier Vallée 2 B42, Avenue de Cureghem 7A-7D, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - H Amory
- Clinical Department of Companion Animals and Equids, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Quartier Vallée 2 B41, Avenue de Cureghem 5A-5D, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - F Rollin
- Clinical Department of Production Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Quartier Vallée 2 B42, Avenue de Cureghem 7A-7D, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - A Leroux
- Clinical Department of Companion Animals and Equids, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Quartier Vallée 2 B41, Avenue de Cureghem 5A-5D, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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Laguerre O, Lecoq L, Zoz F, Guyot S, Beney L, Flick D. Influence of the air humidity on the drying of a liquid droplet on a solid plate and on bacterial destruction. J FOOD ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Lecoq L, Gains M, Blond L, Parent J. Brainstem auditory evoked responses in foals: reference values, effect of age, rate of acoustic stimulation, and neurologic deficits. J Vet Intern Med 2015; 29:362-7. [PMID: 25619523 PMCID: PMC4858096 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Age and rate of acoustic stimulation affect peak latencies in brainstem auditory evoked responses (BAER) in humans. Those effects are unknown in foals. Hypothesis/Objectives Our goals were to (1) establish reference values for BAER in foals by using 3 different stimulation protocols, (2) evaluate the effects of age and stimulation frequencies on BAER tracing in foals up to 6 months old, and (3) compare the data with BAER obtained from foals with central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Animals Thirty‐nine neurologically normal foals and 16 foals with neurologic diseases. Methods Prospective observational clinical study. BAER recorded by using 3 protocols of stimulation (11.33 repetitions per second [Hz]/70 decibel normal hearing level [dBNHL]; 11.33 Hz/90 dBNHL; 90 Hz/70 dBNHL). Results No effect of age was observed in normal foals (P > .005). No significant difference was observed for latencies and interpeak latencies (IPL) when comparing foals with neurologic diseases and normal foals (P > .05), but 78.6% of foals with neurologic diseases had an asymmetry in their tracing, reflecting a difference in conduction time between the left and right side of the brainstem. Increasing the stimulation rate did not improve detection of CNS disorders. Conclusions and Clinical Importance We propose BAER reference values for foals up to 6 months of age by using 3 protocols. Most foals with neurologic deficits had abnormal BAER tracing.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lecoq
- Département de Sciences Cliniques, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
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Lecoq L, Bougault C, Kern T, Hugonnet JE, Veckerlé C, Pessey O, Arthur M, Simorre JP. Backbone and side-chain 1H, 15N and 13C assignment of apo- and imipenem-acylated L,D-transpeptidase from Bacillus subtilis. Biomol NMR Assign 2012; 6:205-208. [PMID: 22278298 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-012-9358-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The D,D-transpeptidase activity of Penicillin Binding Proteins (PBPs) is essential to maintain cell wall integrity. PBPs catalyze the final step of the peptidoglycan synthesis by forming 4 → 3 cross-links between two peptide stems. Recently, a novel β-lactam resistance mechanism involving L,D-transpeptidases has been identified in Enterococcus faecium and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In this resistance pathway, the classical 4 → 3 cross-links are replaced by 3 → 3 cross-links, whose formation are catalyzed by the L,D-transpeptidases. To date, only one class of the entire β-lactam family, the carbapenems, is able to inhibit the L,D-transpeptidase activity. Nevertheless, the specificity of this inactivation is still not understood. Hence, the study of this new transpeptidase family is of considerable interest in order to understand the mechanism of the L,D-transpeptidases inhibition by carbapenems. In this context, we present herein the backbone and side-chain (1)H, (15)N and (13)C NMR assignment of the L,D-transpeptidase from Bacillus subtilis (Ldt(Bs)) in the apo and in the acylated form with a carbapenem, the imipenem.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lecoq
- CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale Jean-Pierre Ebel, 41, rue Jules Horowitz, 38027 Grenoble, France
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Lecoq L, Vincent P, Lavoie-Lamoureux A, Lavoie JP. Genomic and non-genomic effects of dexamethasone on equine peripheral blood neutrophils. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2008; 128:126-31. [PMID: 19036458 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.10.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucocorticoids have potent anti-inflammatory properties and are frequently used for the treatment of domestic animal species, including horses. They induce a down-regulation of multiple inflammatory pathways through both genomic and non-genomic effects. Currently, little is known on the effects of glucocorticoids on equine peripheral blood neutrophils. HYPOTHESIS Dexamethasone (DEX), a potent synthetic glucocorticoid, inhibits the functions of equine peripheral blood neutrophils through both genomic and non-genomic effects. ANIMALS Six healthy adult mixed breed female horses. METHODS To assess the genomic effects of DEX, peripheral blood neutrophils were isolated using a gradient technique and incubated 6 h with 100 ng/ml LPS and 10(-6) M DEX alone, or combined with the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) inhibitor RU486 (10(-5) M). Messenger RNA for IL-8, TNF-alpha and TLR-4 were measured using real-time RT-PCR. The non-genomic effects of DEX were studied in neutrophils incubated with 5 microM dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCF) and 10(-6) M DEX 5, 10 and 15 min prior to being stimulated with 5 ng/ml phorbol myristate acetate. Neutrophils were similarly co-incubated with DEX (10(-6) M, 15 min) and RU486 (10(-5) M) to evaluate the contribution of the GR to these effects. The oxidation of DCF was studied using flow-cytometry. RESULTS Neutrophils stimulation with LPS resulted in a significant increase in IL-8, TNF-alpha and TLR-4 mRNA expressions (p<0.0001); incubation with DEX significantly down-regulated this process (p<0.0001). DEX significantly reduced oxidation of DCF after 10 and 15 min of incubation (p<0.0001). Those effects were mediated through the GRs. CONCLUSION DEX exerts anti-inflammatory effects on equine peripheral blood neutrophils through both genomic and non-genomic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lecoq
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada J2S 7C6
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