ProNGF processing in adult rat tissues and bioactivity of NGF prodomain peptides

The neurotrophin nerve growth factor (NGF) and its precursor proNGF are both bioactive and exert similar or opposite actions depending on the cell target and its milieu. The balance between NGF and proNGF is crucial for cell and tissue homeostasis and it is considered an indicator of pathological conditions. Proteolytical cleavage of proNGF to the mature form results in different fragments, whose function and/or bioactivity is still unclear. The present study was conducted to investigate the distribution of proNGF fragments derived from endogenous cleavage in brain and peripheral tissues of adult rats in the healthy condition and following inflammatory lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Different anti-proNGF antibodies were tested and the presence of short peptides corresponding to the prodomain sequence (pdNGFpep) was identified. Processing of proNGF was found to be tissue-specific and accumulation of pdNGFpeps was found in inflamed tissues, mainly in testis, intestine and heart, suggesting a possible correlation between organ functions and a response to insults and/or injury. The bioactivity of pdNGFpep was also demonstrated in vitro by using primary hippocampal neurons. Our study supports a biological function for the NGF precursor prodomain and indicates that short peptides from residues 1-60, differing from the 70-110 sequence, induce apoptosis, thereby opening the way for identification of new molecular targets to study pathological conditions.

Predicting human serum albumin affinity of interleukin-8 (CXCL8) inhibitors by 3D-QSPR approach

A novel class of 2-(R)-phenylpropionamides has been recently reported to inhibit in vitro and in vivo interleukin-8 (CXCL8)-induced biological activities. These CXCL8 inhibitors are derivatives of phenylpropionic nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), high-affinity ligands for site II of human serum albumin (HSA). Up to date, only a limited number of in silico models for the prediction of albumin protein binding are available. A three-dimensional quantitative structure-property relationship (3D-QSPR) approach was used to model the experimental affinity constant (K(i)) to plasma proteins of 37 structurally related molecules, using physicochemical and 3D-pharmacophoric descriptors. Molecular docking studies highlighted that training set molecules preferentially bind site II of HSA. The obtained model shows satisfactory statistical parameters both in fitting and predicting validation. External validation confirmed the statistical significance of the chemometric model, which is a powerful tool for the prediction of HSA binding in virtual libraries of structurally related compounds.

[Introduction of definite molecular weight heparan sulfate in a protocol of prevention of deep venous thrombosis in prosthetic orthopedic surgery]

Use of definite molecular weight heparan sulphate in a protocol for the prevention of deep venous thrombosis in the total joint replacement surgery. The authors propose a working protocol for the prevention of deep venous thrombosis in prosthetic orthopaedic surgery. It requires that integration of pharmacological, anaesthesiological, rheological and physiokinesitherapic measures, it has permitted a very good prevention of thromboembolic disease and it is well-tolerated and safe. The protocol requires: peripheral anaesthesia (sub-arachnoidal block), pre and post-operative pharmacological treatment with heparan-sulphate of a fixed molecular weight, haemodilution with maintenance of the haematocrit at no more than 30%, early physiokinesitherapy associated with the use of elastic stockings graduated tension. The fifty patients treated with this protocol were controlled during the pre-operative and post-operative stage and one month later and no thrombo-embolic complications resulted.