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Ibarra-Juarez LA, Burton MAJ, Biedermann PHW, Cruz L, Desgarennes D, Ibarra-Laclette E, Latorre A, Alonso-Sánchez A, Villafan E, Hanako-Rosas G, López L, Vázquez-Rosas-Landa M, Carrion G, Carrillo D, Moya A, Lamelas A. Evidence for Succession and Putative Metabolic Roles of Fungi and Bacteria in the Farming Mutualism of the Ambrosia Beetle Xyleborus affinis. mSystems 2020; 5:e00541-20. [PMID: 32934115 PMCID: PMC7498683 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00541-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The bacterial and fungal community involved in ambrosia beetle fungiculture remains poorly studied compared to the famous fungus-farming ants and termites. Here we studied microbial community dynamics of laboratory nests, adults, and brood during the life cycle of the sugarcane shot hole borer, Xyleborus affinis We identified a total of 40 fungal and 428 bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs), from which only five fungi (a Raffaelea fungus and four ascomycete yeasts) and four bacterial genera (Stenotrophomonas, Enterobacter, Burkholderia, and Ochrobactrum) can be considered the core community playing the most relevant symbiotic role. Both the fungal and bacterial populations varied significantly during the beetle's life cycle. While the ascomycete yeasts were the main colonizers of the gallery early on, the Raffaelea and other filamentous fungi appeared after day 10, at the time when larval hatching happened. Regarding bacteria, Stenotrophomonas and Enterobacter dominated overall but decreased in foundresses and brood with age. Finally, inferred analyses of the putative metabolic capabilities of the bacterial microbiome revealed that they are involved in (i) degradation of fungal and plant polymers, (ii) fixation of atmospheric nitrogen, and (iii) essential amino acid, cofactor, and vitamin provisioning. Overall, our results suggest that yeasts and bacteria are more strongly involved in supporting the beetle-fungus farming symbiosis than previously thought.IMPORTANCE Ambrosia beetles farm their own food fungi within tunnel systems in wood and are among the three insect lineages performing agriculture (the others are fungus-farming ants and termites). In ambrosia beetles, primary ambrosia fungus cultivars have been regarded essential, whereas other microbes have been more or less ignored. Our KEGG analyses suggest so far unknown roles of yeasts and bacterial symbionts, by preparing the tunnel walls for the primary ambrosia fungi. This preparation includes enzymatic degradation of wood, essential amino acid production, and nitrogen fixation. The latter is especially exciting because if it turns out to be present in vivo in ambrosia beetles, all farming animals (including humans) are dependent on atmospheric nitrogen fertilization of their crops. As previous internal transcribed spacer (ITS) metabarcoding approaches failed on covering the primary ambrosia fungi, our 18S metabarcoding approach can also serve as a template for future studies on the ambrosia beetle-fungus symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Ibarra-Juarez
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Xalapa, México
| | - M A J Burton
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Xalapa, México
| | - P H W Biedermann
- Chair of Forest Entomology and Protection, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - L Cruz
- Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, Florida, USA
| | - D Desgarennes
- Red de Biodiversidad y Sistemática, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Xalapa, México
| | - E Ibarra-Laclette
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Xalapa, México
| | - A Latorre
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (Universitat de València and CSIC), València, Spain
- Foundation for the Promotion of Sanitary and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Community (FISABIO), València, Spain
| | - A Alonso-Sánchez
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Xalapa, México
| | - E Villafan
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Xalapa, México
| | - G Hanako-Rosas
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Xalapa, México
| | - L López
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Xalapa, México
| | | | - G Carrion
- Red de Biodiversidad y Sistemática, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Xalapa, México
| | - D Carrillo
- Red de Biodiversidad y Sistemática, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Xalapa, México
| | - A Moya
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (Universitat de València and CSIC), València, Spain
- Foundation for the Promotion of Sanitary and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Community (FISABIO), València, Spain
| | - A Lamelas
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Xalapa, México
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Ibarra-Juarez LA, Desgarennes D, Vázquez-Rosas-Landa M, Villafan E, Alonso-Sánchez A, Ferrera-Rodríguez O, Moya A, Carrillo D, Cruz L, Carrión G, López-Buenfil A, García-Avila C, Ibarra-Laclette E, Lamelas A. Impact of Rearing Conditions on the Ambrosia Beetle's Microbiome. Life (Basel) 2018; 8:E63. [PMID: 30551580 PMCID: PMC6316638 DOI: 10.3390/life8040063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ambrosia beetles, along with termites and leafcutter ants, are the only fungus-farming lineages within the tree of life. Bacteria harbored by ambrosia beetles may play an essential role in the nutritional symbiotic interactions with their associated fungi; however, little is known about the impact of rearing conditions on the microbiota of ambrosia beetles. We have used culture-independent methods to explore the effect of rearing conditions on the microbiome associated with Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus bispinatus, and Xyleborus volvulus, evaluating different media in laboratory-controlled conditions and comparing wild and laboratory conditions. Our results revealed that rearing conditions affected the fungal and bacterial microbiome structure and had a strong influence on bacterial metabolic capacities. We propose that the rearing conditions influence the ambrosia-associated fungal and bacterial communities. Furthermore, bacterial microbiome flexibility may help beetles adapt to different substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Arturo Ibarra-Juarez
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Xalapa C.P. 91070, Mexico.
- Cátedras CONACyT. Instituto de Ecología, A. C., Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, Xalapa C.P. 91070, Mexico.
| | - Damaris Desgarennes
- Red de Biodiversidad y Sistemática, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Xalapa C.P. 91070, Mexico.
| | | | - Emanuel Villafan
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Xalapa C.P. 91070, Mexico.
| | | | | | - Andrés Moya
- Joint Unit of Research in Genomics and Health, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Community (FISABIO), 46010 Valencia, Spain.
- Institute for Integrative System Biology, University of Valencia-CSIC, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Daniel Carrillo
- Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, USA.
| | - Luisa Cruz
- Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, USA.
| | - Gloria Carrión
- Red de Biodiversidad y Sistemática, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Xalapa C.P. 91070, Mexico.
| | - Abel López-Buenfil
- Servicio Nacional de Sanidad, Inocuidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria, Unidad Integral de Diagnóstico, Servicios y Constatación, Tecámac, Estado de Mexico 55740, Mexico.
| | - Clemente García-Avila
- Servicio Nacional de Sanidad, Inocuidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria, Unidad Integral de Diagnóstico, Servicios y Constatación, Tecámac, Estado de Mexico 55740, Mexico.
| | - Enrique Ibarra-Laclette
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Xalapa C.P. 91070, Mexico.
| | - Araceli Lamelas
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Xalapa C.P. 91070, Mexico.
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Blitvich BJ, Ibarra-Juarez LA, Cortes-Guzman AJ, Root JJ, Franklin AB, Sullivan HJ, Fernandez-Salas I. Seroprevalence of equine influenza virus in north-east and southern Mexico. Vet Rec 2010; 166:565-6. [PMID: 20435984 DOI: 10.1136/vr.b4845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B J Blitvich
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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