1
|
López-Sosa L, Calaminici P. Cycloaddition reactions via "on water" protocol reactions: A density functional theory study. J Comput Chem 2024; 45:595-609. [PMID: 38054389 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the reactions of quadricyclane with dimethyl azodicarboxylate (DMAD) and of quadricyclane with diethyl azodicarboxylate (DEAD) in gas phase and in water environments were studied by a first-principles investigation within the framework of auxiliary density functional theory (ADFT). For these type of organic reactions is known that water is required to accelerate them. Since the reason of why this occur is still unknown, this work aims to gain insight into this reaction mechanism. For this investigation, the generalized gradient approximation as well as a hybrid functional were employed. The obtained optimized structures for the reactants, of the products and of the transition states are reported, together with the corresponding frequency analysis results and the reaction profiles. Along the proposed concerted reaction mechanism, a critical points search of the electron density and a charge analysis were performed. The calculated potential energy barriers of these reactions in gas phase and in water environments are compared. In agreement with experiment, the obtained results indicate that both reactions occur faster in water than in gas phase. This study shows that there is a change in the polarity of the two most important carbon atoms of the formed compounds along the reactions and that the decrease of the activation energy barrier which occurs in liquid phase in these reactions is because the structures of the main transition states are stabilized by the water environment. Therefore, the here obtained results demonstrate the important role played by the water-molecule framework into the activation energy barrier and structures of the molecules that participate in the DMAD and DEAD cycloaddition reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L López-Sosa
- Departamento de Química, CINVESTAV, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, México, Mexico
| | - P Calaminici
- Departamento de Química, CINVESTAV, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, México, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
López-Sosa L, Calaminici P, Köster AM. Cartesian constraints in QM/MM optimizations. J Comput Chem 2023; 44:2358-2368. [PMID: 37635671 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
With the rise of quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) methods, the interest in the calculation of molecular assemblies has increased considerably. The structures and dynamics of such assemblies are usually governed to a large extend by intermolecular interactions. As a result, the corresponding potential energy surfaces are topological rich and possess many shallow minima. Therefore, local structure optimizations of QM/MM molecular assemblies can be challenging, in particular if optimization constraints are imposed. To overcome this problem, structure optimization in normal coordinate space is advocated. To do so, the external degrees of freedom of a molecule are separated from the internal ones by a projector matrix in the space of the Cartesian coordinates. Here we extend this approach to Cartesian constraints. To this end, we devise an algorithm that adds the Cartesian constraints directly to the projector matrix and in this way eliminates them from the reduced coordinate space in which the molecule is optimized. To analyze the performance and stability of the constrained optimization algorithm in normal coordinate space, we present constrained minimizations of small molecular systems and amino acids in gas phase as well as water employing QM/MM constrained optimizations. All calculations are performed in the framework of auxiliary density functional theory as implemented in the program deMon2k.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L López-Sosa
- Departamento de Química, CINVESTAV, Mexico, Mexico
| | - P Calaminici
- Departamento de Química, CINVESTAV, Mexico, Mexico
| | - A M Köster
- Departamento de Química, CINVESTAV, Mexico, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
The investigation of the chemical reactivity of complex systems such as transition metal clusters is a very complicated task because often the structures of the corresponding transition states are far from being intuitive. Bimetallic transition metal clusters represent a particular class of complex systems. In this work, density functional theory (DFT) is applied to study the isomerization reactions of the Cu15V+ cluster. Full geometry optimizations of dozens of initial structures taken along Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) trajectories were performed using a quasi-Newton method in a reduced space Cartesian coordinate system that works considering the internal degrees of freedom. Harmonic frequencies calculations were performed at the optimized structures. To study the isomerization reactions between the obtained stable isomers, a hierarchical transition state algorithm has been applied to locate the transition states of this cluster. The found transition states were than connected with the corresponding minimum structures by calculating the intrinsic reaction coordinates. This work demonstrates the capability of the applied method to study non-intuitive rearrangement mechanisms in complex finite systems and to create networks between minima and transition state structures on their potential energy surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L López-Sosa
- Departamento de Química, CINVESTAV, 2508 Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico 07360, Mexico
| | - Jorge A Sanchez-Álvarez
- Departamento de Química, CINVESTAV, 2508 Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico 07360, Mexico
| | - P Calaminici
- Departamento de Química, CINVESTAV, 2508 Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico 07360, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
de la Lande A, Alvarez-Ibarra A, Hasnaoui K, Cailliez F, Wu X, Mineva T, Cuny J, Calaminici P, López-Sosa L, Geudtner G, Navizet I, Garcia Iriepa C, Salahub DR, Köster AM. Molecular Simulations with in-deMon2k QM/MM, a Tutorial-Review. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24091653. [PMID: 31035516 PMCID: PMC6539060 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
deMon2k is a readily available program specialized in Density Functional Theory (DFT) simulations within the framework of Auxiliary DFT. This article is intended as a tutorial-review of the capabilities of the program for molecular simulations involving ground and excited electronic states. The program implements an additive QM/MM (quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics) module relying either on non-polarizable or polarizable force fields. QM/MM methodologies available in deMon2k include ground-state geometry optimizations, ground-state Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics simulations, Ehrenfest non-adiabatic molecular dynamics simulations, and attosecond electron dynamics. In addition several electric and magnetic properties can be computed with QM/MM. We review the framework implemented in the program, including the most recently implemented options (link atoms, implicit continuum for remote environments, metadynamics, etc.), together with six applicative examples. The applications involve (i) a reactivity study of a cyclic organic molecule in water; (ii) the establishment of free-energy profiles for nucleophilic-substitution reactions by the umbrella sampling method; (iii) the construction of two-dimensional free energy maps by metadynamics simulations; (iv) the simulation of UV-visible absorption spectra of a solvated chromophore molecule; (v) the simulation of a free energy profile for an electron transfer reaction within Marcus theory; and (vi) the simulation of fragmentation of a peptide after collision with a high-energy proton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien de la Lande
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, 15 avenue Jean Perrin, 91405 Orsay, France.
| | - Aurelio Alvarez-Ibarra
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, 15 avenue Jean Perrin, 91405 Orsay, France.
| | - Karim Hasnaoui
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, 15 avenue Jean Perrin, 91405 Orsay, France.
| | - Fabien Cailliez
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, 15 avenue Jean Perrin, 91405 Orsay, France.
| | - Xiaojing Wu
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, 15 avenue Jean Perrin, 91405 Orsay, France.
- CNRS Laboratoire de Biochimie Théorique, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, PSL University, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Tzonka Mineva
- Matériaux Avancés pour la Catalyse et la Santé, UMR 5253 CNRS/UM/ENSCM, Institut Charles Gerhardt de Montpellier (ICGM) Montpellier CEDEX 5, 34090 Montpellier, France.
| | - Jérôme Cuny
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, IRSAMC, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse CEDEX 4, France.
| | - Patrizia Calaminici
- Programa de Doctorado en Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, CINVESTAV, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 2508, A.P. 14-740, Ciudad de México 07000, Mexico.
- Departamento de Química, CINVESTAV, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 2508, A.P. 14-740, Ciudad de México 07000, México.
| | - Luis López-Sosa
- Departamento de Química, CINVESTAV, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 2508, A.P. 14-740, Ciudad de México 07000, México.
| | - Gerald Geudtner
- Departamento de Química, CINVESTAV, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 2508, A.P. 14-740, Ciudad de México 07000, México.
| | - Isabelle Navizet
- Laboratoire Modélisation et Simulation Multi Échelle, Université Paris-Est, MSME, UMR 8208 CNRS, UPEM, 5 bd Descartes, 77454 Marne-la-Vallée, France.
| | - Cristina Garcia Iriepa
- Laboratoire Modélisation et Simulation Multi Échelle, Université Paris-Est, MSME, UMR 8208 CNRS, UPEM, 5 bd Descartes, 77454 Marne-la-Vallée, France.
| | - Dennis R Salahub
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Molecular Simulation, Institute for Quantum Science and Technology and Quantum Alberta, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, No. 100, Lian Hua Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Andreas M Köster
- Programa de Doctorado en Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, CINVESTAV, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 2508, A.P. 14-740, Ciudad de México 07000, Mexico.
- Departamento de Química, CINVESTAV, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 2508, A.P. 14-740, Ciudad de México 07000, México.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Blades WH, Reber AC, Khanna SN, López-Sosa L, Calaminici P, Köster AM. Evolution of the Spin Magnetic Moments and Atomic Valence of Vanadium in VCu x+, VAg x+, and VAu x+ Clusters (x = 3-14). J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:2990-2999. [PMID: 28350450 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b01030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The atomic structures, bonding characteristics, spin magnetic moments, and stability of VCux+, VAgx+, and VAux+ (x = 3-14) clusters were examined using density functional theory. Our studies indicate that the effective valence of vanadium is size-dependent and that at small sizes some of the valence electrons of vanadium are localized on vanadium, while at larger sizes the 3d orbitals of the vanadium participate in metallic bonding eventually quenching the spin magnetic moment. The electronic stability of the clusters may be understood through a split-shell model that partitions the valence electrons in either a delocalized shell or localized on the vanadium atom. A molecular orbital analysis reveals that in planar clusters the delocalization of the 3d orbital of vanadium is enhanced when surrounded by gold due to enhanced 6s-5d hybridization. Once the clusters become three-dimensional, this hybridization is reduced, and copper most readily delocalizes the vanadium's valence electrons. By understanding these unique features, greater insight is offered into the role of a host material's electronic structure in determining the bonding characteristics and stability of localized spin magnetic moments in quantum confined systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William H Blades
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Arthur C Reber
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Shiv N Khanna
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Luis López-Sosa
- Departamento de Química, CINVESTAV , Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, A.P. 14-740, México D.F. 07000, Mexico
| | - Patrizia Calaminici
- Departamento de Química, CINVESTAV , Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, A.P. 14-740, México D.F. 07000, Mexico
| | - Andreas M Köster
- Departamento de Química, CINVESTAV , Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, A.P. 14-740, México D.F. 07000, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|