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Diem L, Ovchinnikov A, Friedli C, Hammer H, Kamber N, Chan A, Salmen A, Findling O, Hoepner R. Efficacy and safety of ocrelizumab in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis: Real-world experience of two Swiss multiple sclerosis centers. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2024; 86:105570. [PMID: 38604001 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2024.105570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ocrelizumab (OCR) is a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against CD-20 positive lymphocytes, mainly B-lymphocytes. OCR is approved for treatment of primary progressive (PPMS) and relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS). This study aims to provide real-world safety and efficacy data of people with RMS treated with OCR in two Swiss Multiple Sclerosis (MS) centers. METHODS We have conducted a retrospective data analysis using the patient cohorts from the Cantonal Hospital Aarau and Bern University Hospital (RMS: n = 235). Statistical analyses were performed with Mann-Whitney U-Test, Chi-squared test and Spearman-Rho-Correlation. Adjustment for multiple testing was performed by Bonferroni procedure. RESULTS After initiation of OCR, there was a decrease in disease activity in RMS patients. In our study, 152/190 (80.0 %) RMS patients fulfilled the criteria for NEDA-3 12 months and 88/104 (84.6 %) showed NEDA-3 24 months after OCR initiation. The most frequent adverse events (AEs) in our study were infections, taking place in 78/235 (33.2 %) RMS patients. COVID-19 was the most common infection, followed by urinary infections and other respiratory infections and infectious adverse events occurred significantly more frequent in patients with reduced IgG serum concentration. CONCLUSIONS Our real-world study showed OCR being associated with low rates of any type of MS disease activity as indicated by NEDA-3. The adverse event profile is comparable to the known events especially infections and an association between infections and reduced IgG serum concentration was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Diem
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, Bern, Switzerland; Neurocenter, Lucerne Cantonal Hospital, Lucerne, 6000, Switzerland.
| | - A Ovchinnikov
- Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital Aarau (Kantonsspital Aarau), Tellstrasse, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - C Friedli
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - H Hammer
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, Bern, Switzerland
| | - N Kamber
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Chan
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Salmen
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, Bern, Switzerland
| | - O Findling
- Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital Aarau (Kantonsspital Aarau), Tellstrasse, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - R Hoepner
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, Bern, Switzerland
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Fregolente L, Diem L, Warncke J, Jung S, Funke-Chambour M, Hoepner R, Bassetti C. Post-COVID syndrome: Objective sleep-wake changes in patients with fatigue and excessive daytime sleepiness. Sleep Med 2022. [PMCID: PMC9300298 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.05.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Diem L, Evangelopoulos ME, Karathanassis D, Natsis V, Kamber N, Hammer H, Friedli C, Chan A, Helbling A, Penner IK, Salmen A, Walther S, Stegmayer K, Hoepner R. Hypogammaglobulinemia: A contributing factor to multiple sclerosis fatigue? Mult Scler Relat Disord 2022; 68:104148. [PMID: 36063730 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.104148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fatigue is one of the most disabling and difficult to treat symptoms of autoimmune diseases and frequently presents in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). Hypogammaglobulinemia for immunoglobulin G (IgG) affects approximately 8-25% of PwMS. We performed a retrospective analysis to investigate the association of MS-fatigue and IgG hypogammaglobulinemia. METHODS PwMS, treated at Eginition University Hospital Athens or at the University Hospital Bern, were included (n = 134 patients (Bern n = 99; Athens n = 35)). Mann Whitney U-test (MWT), ANOVA test, Chi2 test and multivariable linear regression models were run. RESULTS 97/134 (72.4%) PwMS reported fatigue. In the multivariable linear regression analysis, IgG serum concentration (-1.6, 95%CI -2.7 - -0.5, p = 0.006), daytime sleepiness (0.8, 95%CI 0.2-1.4, p = 0.009), and a depressive mood (1.1, 95%CI 0.8-1.4, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with fatigue. The impact of IgG serum concentration (-2.9 95%CI -4.7 - -1.1, p = 0.002) remained significant also in the subcohort of PwMS without depressive symptoms or daytime sleepiness. CONCLUSIONS We found an association between IgG hypogammaglobulinemia and fatigue in PwMS (Level of Evidence IV), which might be translated to other autoimmune diseases. It bears a potential therapeutic consequence considering IgG supplementation strategies, if our finding can be validated prospectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Diem
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - M E Evangelopoulos
- Department of Neurology, Aiginitio University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - D Karathanassis
- Department of Neurology, Aiginitio University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - V Natsis
- Department of Neurology, Aiginitio University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - N Kamber
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, Bern, Switzerland
| | - H Hammer
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, Bern, Switzerland
| | - C Friedli
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Chan
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Helbling
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Allergology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - I K Penner
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Salmen
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, Bern, Switzerland
| | - S Walther
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bolligenstrasse 111, Bern, Switzerland
| | - K Stegmayer
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bolligenstrasse 111, Bern, Switzerland
| | - R Hoepner
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, Bern, Switzerland
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Diem L, Neuherz B, Rohrhofer J, Koidl L, Asero R, Brockow K, Diaz Perales A, Faber M, Gebhardt J, Torres MJ, Jensen‐Jarolim E, Zehetmayer S, Untersmayr E. Real-life evaluation of molecular multiplex IgE test methods in the diagnosis of pollen associated food allergy. Allergy 2022; 77:3028-3040. [PMID: 35485989 PMCID: PMC9790655 DOI: 10.1111/all.15329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnosis of food allergies is challenging, as combining information from specific IgE (sIgE)-sensitization pattern and skin prick tests (SPTs) with clinical history is necessary for a personalized management of allergic patients. The aim of this study was to compare two molecular tests, the ImmunoCAP ISAC (ISAC) and the Allergy Explorer, version 2 (ALEX2 ) in the context of pollen food syndrome (PFS) diagnosis in a real-life scenario, to assess the benefit of multiplex testing in PFS patients. METHODS Diagnosis of food allergy was performed in 53 patients. Allergen-sIgE concentrations were measured with ISAC and ALEX2 . Results for sIgE were statistically compared with each other, with SPT results and with clinical presentation of the patients. RESULTS Using ISAC as reference test for sIgE measurements, the average sensitivity of ALEX2 for PR-10 allergens was 83.2% and the average specificity 88.0%. If only low sIgE concentrations were included, the sensitivity was 60.8% and the specificity 91.1%. Apple and hazelnut sensitizations were confirmed in most patients by concordance of sIgE and SPT results. Significant correlations were shown between clinical symptoms and Mal d 1- and Gly m 4-sIgE levels measured by both tests and for Cor a 1-sIgE levels measured by ALEX2 . In eight patients, profilin related symptoms were supported by Hev b 8-sensitization. CONCLUSION Multiplex testing is beneficial to understand patient-specific individual sensitization profiles and to providing personalized management recommendations. In the future, custom-designed test kits might enable reducing costs of multiplex testing for specific patient groups without compromising the diagnostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Diem
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy ResearchCenter for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Bellinda Neuherz
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy ResearchCenter for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Johanna Rohrhofer
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy ResearchCenter for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Larissa Koidl
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy ResearchCenter for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Riccardo Asero
- Ambulatorio di AllergologiaClinica San CarloPaderno Dugnano (MI)Italy
| | - Knut Brockow
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy BiedersteinFaculty of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Araceli Diaz Perales
- Centro de Biotecnología Y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP, UPM‐INIA)Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) ‐Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)MadridSpain,Departamento de Biotecnología‐Biología VegetalEscuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería AgronómicaAlimentaria y de Biosistemas. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)MadridSpain
| | | | - Julia Gebhardt
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy BiedersteinFaculty of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - María José Torres
- Allergy UnitHospital Regional Universitario de MálagaUniversidad de Málaga‐IBIMA‐BIONANDMálagaSpain
| | - Erika Jensen‐Jarolim
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy ResearchCenter for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria,The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine ViennaMedical University of Vienna, and University of ViennaViennaAustria,AllergyCareAllergy Diagnosis and Study CenterViennaAustria
| | - Sonja Zehetmayer
- Center for Medical StatisticsInformatics and Intelligent Systems (Institute of Medical Statistics)Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Eva Untersmayr
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy ResearchCenter for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
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Diem L, Hoepner R, Bagnoud M, Salmen A, Chan A, Friedli C. Natalizumab induced blood eosinophilia: A retrospective pharmacovigilance cohort study and review of the literature. J Neuroimmunol 2021; 353:577505. [PMID: 33548621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe frequency of natalizumab related eosinophilia and clinical symptoms of eosinophilic disease in our monocentric cohort. METHODS Comparison of clinical characteristics of 115 natalizumab treated and 116 untreated RRMS patients and review of literature. RESULTS 38% of natalizumab treated patients had eosinophilia, which occurred significantly more frequently compared to untreated MS patients (3%, p-value<0.001). In symptomatic patients, mean eosinophil counts were significantly higher than in asymptomatic patients and symptoms developed within one year. DISCUSSION Eosinophilia is a side effect of natalizumab and mostly asymptomatic. However, few patients develop within one year after start of natalizumab an eosinophilic disease as severe side effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Diem
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - R Hoepner
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Bagnoud
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Salmen
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Chan
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - C Friedli
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Diem L. P233 A case report: Interstitial lung disease in Vietnamese children with SFTPC, SFTPB gene mutation. Chest 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2017.04.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Tokars JI, McKinley GF, Otten J, Woodley C, Sordillo EM, Caldwell J, Liss CM, Gilligan ME, Diem L, Onorato IM, Jarvis WR. Use and efficacy of tuberculosis infection control practices at hospitals with previous outbreaks of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2001; 22:449-55. [PMID: 11583215 DOI: 10.1086/501933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the implementation and efficacy of selected Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines for preventing spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. DESIGN Analysis of prospective observational data. SETTING Two medical centers where outbreaks of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) had occurred. PARTICIPANTS All hospital inpatients who had active TB or who were placed in TB isolation and healthcare workers who were assigned to selected wards on which TB patients were treated. METHODS During 1995 to 1997, study personnel prospectively recorded information on patients who had TB or were in TB isolation, performed observations of TB isolation rooms, and recorded tuberculin skin-test results of healthcare workers. Genetic typing of M tuberculosis isolates was performed by restriction fragment-length polymorphism analysis. RESULTS We found that only 8.6% of patients placed in TB isolation proved to have TB; yet, 19% of patients with pulmonary TB were not isolated on the first day of hospital admission. Specimens were ordered for acid-fast bacillus smear and results received promptly, and most TB isolation rooms were under negative pressure. Among persons entering TB isolation rooms, 44.2% to 97.1% used an appropriate (particulate, high-efficiency particulate air or N95) respirator, depending on the hospital and year; others entering the rooms used a surgical mask or nothing. We did not find evidence of transmission of TB among healthcare workers (based on tuberculin skin-test results) or patients (based on epidemiological investigation and genetic typing). CONCLUSIONS We found problems in implementation of some TB infection control measures, but no evidence of healthcare-associated transmission, possibly in part because of limitations in the number of patients and workers studied. Similar evaluations should be performed at hospitals treating TB patients to find inadequacies and guide improvements in infection control.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Tokars
- From the Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA
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Abstract
Nucleic acid probes (Gen-Probe, San Diego, Calif.) can be used to identify mycobacteria in BACTEC 12B broth cultures prior to detection of growth on solid media. We developed an algorithm that can be used to make an initial choice of a probe (either Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex [MTB] or M. avium complex [MAC]) for use in testing respiratory specimens. The algorithm was based on both the fluorochrome smear result of the concentrated specimen and the time from inoculation until the BACTEC 12B broth culture is flagged (growth index 10) as presumptively positive. The MTB probe is used first for all 4+ smear specimens, 3+ smear specimens positive in 5 days, 2+ and 1+ smear specimens positive in 7 days, and smear-negative specimens positive in 11 days. The MAC probe is used for all other specimens. The algorithm is used when other information about the culture (e.g., previous positive cultures and colonial morphology of growth on solid media) is unknown. Use of the algorithm to probe 102 respiratory BACTEC 12B broth cultures (35 with MTB; 1 with MTB, MAC, and M. gordonae; 47 with MAC; and 19 with other mycobacterial species) from 1 September through 30 November 1992 resulted in the initial use of the MTB probe for 35 (97%) of the cultures positive for MTB and the use of the MAC probe for 35 (73%) of the cultures positive for MAC. Use of the algorithm aided in the efficient use of laboratory resources without delaying the time to identification of MTB isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Metchock
- Grady Memorial Hospital, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30335, USA
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Nolte FS, Metchock B, Williams T, Diem L, Bressler A, Tenover FC. Detection of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae with commercially available broth microdilution panels. J Clin Microbiol 1995; 33:1804-6. [PMID: 7665649 PMCID: PMC228274 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.33.7.1804-1806.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We compared penicillin MICs obtained with three different commercially available broth microdilution panels (MicroScan, Sensititre, and Pasco) with MICs obtained with reference microdilution panels for 20 well-characterized pneumococci with decreased susceptibilities to penicillin (7 resistant and 13 intermediate). All panels were supplemented with 2 to 5% lysed horse blood (LHB) prepared in-house. Additional supplements included fastidious inoculum broth (FIB) for MicroScan panels and commercially prepared LHB (Difco) for Pasco panels. The percentages of penicillin-resistant strains (MIC 2 micrograms/ml) detected by the different methods follow: MicroScan-FIB, 0; MicroScan-LHB 0; Pasco in-house LHB, 71; and Sensititre-LHB, 100. The percentages of intermediate strains (MIC = 0.1 to 1.0 micrograms/ml) detected by the different methods follow: MicroScan-FIB, 31; MicroScan-LHB 23; Pasco in-house LHB, 46; and Sensititre-LHB, 85. Difco LHB supplement failed to support the growth of 86% of the strains in the Pasco panels. Of the commercially available panels evaluated, only Sensititre, supplemented with LHB prepared in-house could reliably detect penicillin-resistant pneumococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- F S Nolte
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Diem L. [Self assured and ready for social contact. Discussion of swimming for infants]. MMW Munch Med Wochenschr 1979; 121:1232-4. [PMID: 114794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Diem L. [Instructions for the use of the intervertebral-disk antirheumatic-injection solution]. Z Allgemeinmed 1975; 51:989-90. [PMID: 1080933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Diem L. [Letter: Supplementary drug therapy in smoking withdrawal]. MMW Munch Med Wochenschr 1974; 116:2101-2. [PMID: 4216820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Diem L. [Therapy of chronic spinal and joint disorders using the "intervertebral-disk-rheumatism injection agent" under health resort conditions]. Z Allgemeinmed 1974; 50:965-7. [PMID: 4546690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Diem L. [Game with movements]. Schwest Rev 1969; 7:12-3. [PMID: 5194475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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