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Flauzino T, Simao ANC, de Almeida ERD, Morimoto HK, Oliveira SR, Alfieri DF, Ueda LT, Dichi I, Reiche EMV. Association between Vitamin D Status, Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Viral Load in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection. Curr HIV Res 2018; 15:336-344. [PMID: 28990534 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x15666171005170227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of vitamin D in the pathophysiology of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is still unclear. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the associations between vitamin D and immunological, virological, and oxidative stress biomarkers in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. METHODS The serum levels of 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] were determined in 314 HIV-1- infected individuals and 127 controls and the values ≥30 ng/mL defined a vitamin D sufficient (VDS) status, and <30 ng/mL defined the presence of hypovitaminosis D (HD). Oxidative stress was evaluated with plasma levels of lipid hydroperoxides, advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), carbonyl protein, nitric oxide metabolites (NOx), total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP), and sulfhydryl groups of proteins. Plasma HIV-1 viral load and CD4+/CD8+ T cells were quantified. RESULTS The 25(OH)D levels and vitamin D status did not differ between HIV-1-infected individuals and controls. Hydroperoxides and AOPP were higher (p<0.0001 and p=0.002, respectively), whereas TRAP, carbonyl protein, and NOx were lower in HIV-1-infected individuals than controls (p<0.0001). HIV-1-infected individuals with HD showed higher hydroperoxide levels than those with a VDS status (p=0.012) and controls (p=0.022), independent of ethnicity and antiretroviral therapy. A positive correlation between 25(OH)D ≥30 ng/mL and viral load was observed when expressed as the number of copies/mL (r=0.178, p=0.039), as well as log10 copies/mL (r=0.183, p=0.033). CONCLUSION These results suggest the bimodal influence of vitamin D in the modulation of immune response in HIV-1 infection, considering its differential susceptibility to modulation of the various immune targets and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamires Flauzino
- Postgraduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Andrea N C Simao
- Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Elaine R D de Almeida
- Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Helena K Morimoto
- Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Sayonara R Oliveira
- Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Daniela F Alfieri
- Postgraduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Luiz T Ueda
- Integrated Center of Infectious Diseases of 17a Secretariat of Health of Parana, Londrina, Parana State, Brazil
| | - Isaias Dichi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Edna M V Reiche
- Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
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Paula SBD, Morey AT, Santos JP, Santos PMCD, Gameiro DG, Kerbauy G, Sena EM, Ueda LT, Carneiro M, Pinge-Filho P, Yamauchi LM, Yamada-Ogatta SF. Oral Candida colonization in HIV-infected patients in Londrina-PR, Brazil: antifungal susceptibility and virulence factors. J Infect Dev Ctries 2015; 9:1350-9. [PMID: 26719941 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.6970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Host colonization by Candida species is an important predisposing factor to candidiasis, which seems to be more frequent in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. Knowledge about the distribution, antifungal susceptibility, and virulence of oral Candida isolates is important for effective management of candidiasis. METHODOLOGY Oral rinses were collected from 242 HIV-infected patients without clinical evidence of candidiasis seen at the AIDS referral center in Londrina, Brazil. Species were identified by standard phenotypic and molecular methods, and characterized in vitro according to antifungal susceptibility, cell surface hydrophobicity, biofilm formation, and enzyme activities. RESULTS Oral Candida colonization was detected in 50.4% of patients and combined use of antiretroviral therapy and protease inhibitor had a protective effect against colonization. Candida albicans (75.2%) was the most prevalent species. A high proportion of Candida spp. (39.9%) showed decreased susceptibility to fluconazole. Five isolates were resistant to nystatin. Protease and phospholipase activities were detected in 100% and 36.8% of isolates, respectively. Most isolates displayed a hydrophobic property that was associated with biofilm formation ability. CONCLUSIONS A significant number of oral Candida species exhibiting decreased susceptibility to fluconazole were isolated from colonized HIV-infected individuals. Furthermore, all isolates expressed potential virulence attributes in vitro. Given the high incidence and severity of fungal infections in HIV-infected individuals, the results of this study reinforce the importance of antifungal susceptibility testing, which contributes to therapeutic strategies and highlights the need for continuous surveillance of Candida colonization in this population.
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Morimoto HK, Simão ANC, de Almeida ERD, Ueda LT, Oliveira SR, de Oliveira NB, Petenucci DL, Panis C, Cecchini R, Dichi I, Reiche EMV. Role of metabolic syndrome and antiretroviral therapy in adiponectin levels and oxidative stress in HIV-1 infected patients. Nutrition 2014; 30:1324-30. [PMID: 25280407 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE HIV-1 infection is accompanied by severe metabolic and immune dysfunction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and antiretroviral therapy (ART) utilization on the adiponectin levels and oxidative stress in patients infected with HIV-1. METHODS We allocated 285 patients into four groups: group 1: patients without MetS who were not using ART; group 2: patients without MetS using ART; group 3: patients with MetS who were not using ART; and group 4: patients with MetS using ART. Biochemical, immunologic, and oxidative stress parameters were measured. RESULTS Group 4 exhibited higher lipoperoxides when compared with group 1 (P < 0.0001) and higher advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) compared with group 2 or group 1 (P < 0.0001). Group 3 also presented higher AOPP than group 2 (P < 0.05). Group 4 showed lower adiponectin levels compared with groups 1 or 2 (P < 0.0001). Similarly, group 3 presented lower adiponectin levels compared with group 2 (P < 0.05) or group 1 (P < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis showed that both an increase in AOPP and a decrease in total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter/uric acid were independently associated with MetS in HIV-1 patients. Regarding immunologic markers of HIV-1 disease progression and viral replication, group 4 exhibited significantly higher CD45(+), CD3(+), and CD4(+) T cells count compared with group 2 (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION HIV-1-infected patients with MetS exhibited hypoadiponectinemia and increased oxidative stress, and these findings were not influenced by ART use. The findings of the present study allow the suggestion that MetS and inflammation might be mainly responsible for the aforementioned features. More studies are needed to verify whether drugs or food, which yield increased adiponectinemia and decreased oxidative stress, could reduce cardiovascular risk in HIV-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena K Morimoto
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Andréa N C Simão
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Elaine R D de Almeida
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Luiz T Ueda
- Integrated Center of Infectious Diseases, Secretariat Health of Paraná State, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Sayonara R Oliveira
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Natalia B de Oliveira
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Diego L Petenucci
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Carolina Panis
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Free Radicals, University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Rubens Cecchini
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Free Radicals, University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Isaias Dichi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Edna M V Reiche
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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Melo IB, Ueda LT, Araujo EB, Muramoto E, Barboz MF, Mengatti J, Buchpiguel CA, Silva CPG. Tecnetium-99m as alternative to produce somatostatin-labeled derivatives: comparative biodistribution evaluation with 111In-DTPA-octreotide. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2010; 56:31-36. [PMID: 20525456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2009] [Accepted: 02/08/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic somatostatin (SST) analogues have been used in the preparation of receptor-specific radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostic and therapy of neuroendocrine tumors. This work studied the labeling conditions with (99m)Tc and biological distribution in Swiss mice of two SST analogs (HYNIC-Tyr(3)-Octreotide and HYNIC-Tyr(3)-Octreotate) and compared the biodistribution pattern with (111)In-DTPA-Octreotide. Biological distribution studies were performed after injection of radiopharmaceuticals on Swiss mice. Labeling procedures resulted on high radiochemical yield for all three preparations and the labeled products presented high in vitro stability. Biological distribution studies evidenced similar general biodistribution of (99m)Tc-labeled peptides when compared with indium-labeled peptide with fast blood clearance and elimination by urinary tract. Kidneys uptake of (99m)Tc-HYNIC-TATE are similar to (111)In-DTPA-Octreotide, and both are significantly higher than (99m)Tc-HYNIC-OCT. All labeled peptides presented similar uptake on liver, but the retention in time at intestines, particularly at large intestine, was more expressive for (111)In-labeled peptide. The %ID of (99m)Tc-HYNIC-OCT and (99m)Tc-HYNIC-TATE in organs with high density of SST receptors like pancreas and adrenals were significant and similar to obtained for (111)In-DTPA-Octreotide, confirming the affinity of these radiopharmaceuticals for the receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- I B Melo
- Departamento de Radiologia LIM43, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 05403-010 São Paulo, Brazil.
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Morimoto HK, Caterino-De-Araujo A, Morimoto AA, Reiche EMV, Ueda LT, Matsuo T, Stegmann JW, Reiche FV. Seroprevalence and risk factors for human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 and 2 infection in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients attending AIDS referral center health units in Londrina and other communities in Paraná, Brazil. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2005; 21:256-62. [PMID: 15943567 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2005.21.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The municipality of Londrina ranks second in the number of AIDS cases in the state of Paraná, Brazil, with the Ministry of Health notified of 1070 cases from 1984 to 2002. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors for HTLV-1/2 infection in HIV-infected patients attending the AIDS Reference Center serving Londrina (and surrounding region), Paraná, Brazil. Data concerning sociodemographic conditions and risk factors were collected from 784 HIV-infected patients, using a questionnaire. Blood samples were obtained from 758 of the patients and subjected to serologic screening tests for the determination of HTLV-1/2, as well as hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and syphilis. Most patients were white (mean age, 35.9 years); 55.9% were males and 44.1% were females. The most frequent sexually transmitted disease was gonorrhea (28.5%), followed by syphilis (14.3%) and condyloma (12.2%). The major risk factors associated with the acquisition of retroviruses were sexual contact (84.8%) and intravenous drug use (IDU, 11.9%). The overall infection seroprevalence was 6.4% for HTLV-1/2, 37.2% for HBV, 21.0% for HCV, and 24.4% for syphilis. HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 infections were confirmed in 0.8 and 4.9% of patients, respectively. HIV/HTLV-1/2 coinfection was more frequent in IDUs (59.2% of cases) and was strongly associated with HCV (22.60 [95% CI, 10.35-49.35]). A weak association with HBV (2.09 [95% CI, 1.13-3.90]) and no association with syphilis were observed. The results showed that human retroviruses are circulating in southern Brazil, mainly among white people of both genders of low socioeconomic conditions and educational level. Although the sexual route was considered to be the major risk factor for HIV infection, HTLV-1/2 infection was strongly associated with IDU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena K Morimoto
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, Health Sciences Center, Londrina State University, 86038-440 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
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