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McLean LS, Lim AM, Angel C, Young RJ, Pizzolla A, Archer S, Solomon BJ, Thai AA, Lewin J, Rischin D. A Retrospective Review and Comprehensive Tumour Profiling of Advanced Non-Melanomatous Cutaneous Spindle Cell Neoplasms Treated with Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1452. [PMID: 38672534 PMCID: PMC11048307 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-melanomatous cutaneous spindle cell neoplasms are a rare group of malignancies that present a diagnostic challenge, and for which there is a lack of consensus on how to best manage patients with advanced disease and only limited reports of immune-checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) responses. In this study, we performed a single-center retrospective review of treatment outcomes for all advanced non-melanomatous cutaneous spindle cell neoplasms treated with ICIs. Blinded histopathology reviews occurred to confirm each diagnosis. Comprehensive tumour profiling included whole exome sequencing for tumour mutational burden (TMB) and ultraviolet(UV) signatures, and immunohistochemistry for immune-cell infiltration (CD4/CD3/CD8/CD103/CD20) and immune-checkpoint expression (PD-L1/LAG3/TIGIT). Seven patients were identified. The objective response rate was 86% (6/7) with five complete responses (CR). Responses were durable with two patients in CR > 30 months after ICI commencement. All patients had high TMB and UV signatures. One patient had PD-L1 100% (combined positive score) with abundant immune-cell infiltration and LAG3 expression. In advanced non-melanomatous cutaneous spindle cell neoplasms, excellent responses to ICIs with durable disease control were observed. ICIs are worthy of further exploration in these patients. UV signatures and high TMB could be used to help select patients for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke S. McLean
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (L.S.M.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Annette M. Lim
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (L.S.M.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Christopher Angel
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Richard J. Young
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Angela Pizzolla
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Stuart Archer
- Monash Bioinformatics Platform, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Benjamin J. Solomon
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (L.S.M.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Alesha A. Thai
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (L.S.M.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Jeremy Lewin
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (L.S.M.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Danny Rischin
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (L.S.M.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
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de Boer J, Barnett R, Cardin A, Cimoli M, Davies L, Delany C, Dixon BJ, Evans SM, Findlay MW, Fox C, Ftanou M, Hart CD, Howard M, Iseli TA, Jackson A, Kranz S, Le BH, Lekgabe E, Lennox R, McLean LS, Neeson PJ, Ng SP, O’Reilly LA, Ramakrishnan A, Rowe D, Service C, Singh A, Thai AA, Tiong A, Yap T, Wiesenfeld D. Optimising Patient Outcomes in Tongue Cancer: A Multidisciplinary Approach. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1277. [PMID: 38610956 PMCID: PMC11010906 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
A multidisciplinary approach to the management of tongue cancer is vital for achieving optimal patient outcomes. Nursing and allied health professionals play essential roles within the team. We developed symposia comprising a series of online lectures offering a detailed perspective on the role each discipline and consumer perspective has in the management of patients with tongue cancer. The topics, including epidemiology and prevention, diagnosis, treatment planning, surgery, adjuvant care, and the management of recurrent or metastatic disease, were thoroughly examined. The symposia highlighted the significance of fostering collaboration and continuous learning through a multidisciplinary approach. This initiative should be relevant to healthcare professionals, researchers, and policymakers striving to enhance patient outcomes in tongue cancer care through innovative collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca Barnett
- St. Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne 3065, Australia; (R.B.); (C.D.H.); (A.J.)
| | - Anthony Cardin
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne 3000, Australia (C.D.); (M.W.F.); (M.F.); (M.H.); (B.H.L.); (A.A.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Michelle Cimoli
- Austin Health, Heidelberg 3084, Australia; (M.C.); (R.L.); (S.P.N.)
| | - Lauren Davies
- The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne 3052, Australia; (L.D.); (C.F.); (T.A.I.); (S.K.); (E.L.); (A.R.); (C.S.); (T.Y.)
| | - Clare Delany
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne 3000, Australia (C.D.); (M.W.F.); (M.F.); (M.H.); (B.H.L.); (A.A.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Benjamin J. Dixon
- St. Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne 3065, Australia; (R.B.); (C.D.H.); (A.J.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Sue M. Evans
- Victorian Cancer Registry, Cancer Council Victoria School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3002, Australia;
| | - Michael W. Findlay
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne 3000, Australia (C.D.); (M.W.F.); (M.F.); (M.H.); (B.H.L.); (A.A.T.); (A.T.)
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia;
| | - Carly Fox
- The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne 3052, Australia; (L.D.); (C.F.); (T.A.I.); (S.K.); (E.L.); (A.R.); (C.S.); (T.Y.)
| | - Maria Ftanou
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne 3000, Australia (C.D.); (M.W.F.); (M.F.); (M.H.); (B.H.L.); (A.A.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Christopher D. Hart
- St. Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne 3065, Australia; (R.B.); (C.D.H.); (A.J.)
| | - Megan Howard
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne 3000, Australia (C.D.); (M.W.F.); (M.F.); (M.H.); (B.H.L.); (A.A.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Tim A. Iseli
- The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne 3052, Australia; (L.D.); (C.F.); (T.A.I.); (S.K.); (E.L.); (A.R.); (C.S.); (T.Y.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Andrea Jackson
- St. Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne 3065, Australia; (R.B.); (C.D.H.); (A.J.)
| | - Sevastjan Kranz
- The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne 3052, Australia; (L.D.); (C.F.); (T.A.I.); (S.K.); (E.L.); (A.R.); (C.S.); (T.Y.)
| | - Brian H. Le
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne 3000, Australia (C.D.); (M.W.F.); (M.F.); (M.H.); (B.H.L.); (A.A.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Ernest Lekgabe
- The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne 3052, Australia; (L.D.); (C.F.); (T.A.I.); (S.K.); (E.L.); (A.R.); (C.S.); (T.Y.)
| | - Rachel Lennox
- Austin Health, Heidelberg 3084, Australia; (M.C.); (R.L.); (S.P.N.)
| | - Luke S. McLean
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne 3000, Australia (C.D.); (M.W.F.); (M.F.); (M.H.); (B.H.L.); (A.A.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Paul J. Neeson
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia;
| | - Sweet Ping Ng
- Austin Health, Heidelberg 3084, Australia; (M.C.); (R.L.); (S.P.N.)
| | - Lorraine A. O’Reilly
- The Walter and Eliza Hall of Medical Research (WEHI), Melbourne 3052, Australia;
| | - Anand Ramakrishnan
- The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne 3052, Australia; (L.D.); (C.F.); (T.A.I.); (S.K.); (E.L.); (A.R.); (C.S.); (T.Y.)
| | - David Rowe
- The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne 3052, Australia; (L.D.); (C.F.); (T.A.I.); (S.K.); (E.L.); (A.R.); (C.S.); (T.Y.)
| | - Carrie Service
- The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne 3052, Australia; (L.D.); (C.F.); (T.A.I.); (S.K.); (E.L.); (A.R.); (C.S.); (T.Y.)
| | - Ankur Singh
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia;
| | - Alesha A. Thai
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne 3000, Australia (C.D.); (M.W.F.); (M.F.); (M.H.); (B.H.L.); (A.A.T.); (A.T.)
- Austin Health, Heidelberg 3084, Australia; (M.C.); (R.L.); (S.P.N.)
| | - Albert Tiong
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne 3000, Australia (C.D.); (M.W.F.); (M.F.); (M.H.); (B.H.L.); (A.A.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Tami Yap
- The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne 3052, Australia; (L.D.); (C.F.); (T.A.I.); (S.K.); (E.L.); (A.R.); (C.S.); (T.Y.)
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
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Cavanagh K, McLean LS, Lim AM, Cardin A, Levy SM, Rischin D. Assessment of perineural spread in advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas treated with immunotherapy. Cancer Imaging 2024; 24:37. [PMID: 38500235 PMCID: PMC10949695 DOI: 10.1186/s40644-024-00678-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) has a propensity for perineural spread (PNS) which is associated with poorer treatment outcomes. Immunotherapy is the new standard of care treatment for advanced CSCC resulting in durable responses. PNS is not captured by traditional response assessment criteria used in clinical trials, e.g. RECIST 1.1, and there is limited literature documenting radiological PNS responses to immunotherapy. In this study we assess PNS responses to immunotherapy using a modified grading system. METHODS This is an Australian single-center retrospective review of patients with advanced CSCC who were treated with immunotherapy between April 2018 and February 2022 who had evidence of PNS on pre-treatment magnetic-resonance imaging (MRI). The primary outcome was blinded overall radiological response in PNS using graded radiological criteria, post-commencement of immunotherapy. Three defined timepoints (< 5 months, 5-10 months, > 10 months) were reviewed. Secondary outcomes included a correlation between RECIST 1.1 and PNS assessments and the assessment of PNS on fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT). RESULTS Twenty CSCC patients treated with immunotherapy were identified. Median age was 75.7 years and 75% (n = 15) were male. All patients had locoregionally advanced disease and no distant metastases. Median follow-up was 18.5 months (range: 2-59). 70% (n = 14) demonstrated a PNS response by 5 months. Three patients experienced pseudoprogression. One patient had PNS progression by the end of study follow up. RECIST 1.1 and PNS responses were largely concordant at > 10 months (Cohen's Kappa 0.62). 5/14 cases had features suspicious for PNS on FDG-PET/CT. CONCLUSIONS PNS response to immunotherapy can be documented on MRI using graded radiological criteria. High response rates were seen in PNS with the use of immunotherapy in this cohort and these responses were largely concordant with RECIST 1.1 assessments. FDG-PET/CT demonstrated limited sensitivity in the detection of PNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karda Cavanagh
- Department of Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Luke S McLean
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Oncology, Sir Peter MacCallum, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Annette M Lim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Oncology, Sir Peter MacCallum, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anthony Cardin
- Department of Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Oncology, Sir Peter MacCallum, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sidney M Levy
- Department of Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Oncology, Sir Peter MacCallum, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Danny Rischin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Oncology, Sir Peter MacCallum, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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McLean LS, Lim AM, Bressel M, Thai AA, Rischin D. Real-World Experience of Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitors in Older Patients with Advanced Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Drugs Aging 2024; 41:271-281. [PMID: 38446342 PMCID: PMC10925574 DOI: 10.1007/s40266-024-01095-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older patients are often underrepresented in clinical trials owing to exclusionary comorbidities, which are more common with age. Chemotherapy is poorly tolerated in older comorbid advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) patients; however, little is known on the efficacy and tolerability of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in this population. To our knowledge, this is the largest dedicated report on a cohort of older patients with advanced CSCC treated with immunotherapy to date. OBJECTIVE The aim was to report outcomes of ICI use in a real-world older cohort with advanced CSCC. PATIENTS AND METHODS A single-centre retrospective audit of all patients treated via an access scheme providing ICIs to patients with advanced CSCC was conducted. Participants were ≥ 70 years of age and had advanced CSCC not amenable to curative surgery or radiotherapy. Best overall response rate (ORR), 12-month overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), and toxicity rates were assessed. RESULTS A total of 53 patients were analysed. The median age was 81.8 years (range 70.1-96.8); 81% were male; 34% were immunocompromised; and 34% had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status score of ≥ 2. The ORR was 57%, and 12-month OS and PFS were 63% (95% confidence interval [CI] 44-78) and 41% (95% CI 25-57), respectively. Thirty-two per cent developed an immune-related adverse event (irAE), but only two patients experienced a grade 3 irAE, with no treatment-related deaths. Higher ECOG score was associated with worse OS and PFS. No significant association was identified for increasing age, sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index score, or immunocompromised status. CONCLUSIONS ICIs have demonstrated efficacy and have an acceptable safety profile among older patients with advanced CSCC, with comparable efficacy to what has been demonstrated in current clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke S McLean
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Annette M Lim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mathias Bressel
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alesha A Thai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Danny Rischin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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McLean LS, Lim AM, Bressel M, Lee J, Ladwa R, Guminski AD, Hughes B, Bowyer S, Briscoe K, Harris S, Kukard C, Zielinski R, Alamgeer M, Carlino M, Mo J, Park JJ, Khattak MA, Day F, Rischin D. Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in Australia: a retrospective real world cohort study. Med J Aust 2024; 220:80-90. [PMID: 38212673 DOI: 10.5694/mja2.52199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To review the outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment of advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) outside clinical trials. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective observational study; review of patient records in fifteen Australian institutions. SETTING, PARTICIPANTS All Australian adults with locally advanced or metastatic CSCC not amenable to curative surgery or radiotherapy treated with ICIs, 5 May 2017 - 23 May 2022, through a cemiplimab compassionate access scheme (Therapeutic Goods Administration Special Access Scheme) or who personally covered the cost of pembrolizumab prior to the start of the access scheme. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Best overall response rate (ORR) according to standardised assessment criteria using the hierarchy: Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST 1.1), the modified World Health Organization clinical response criteria, and the Positron Emission Tomography Response Criteria (PERCIST 1.0); overall and progression-free survival. RESULTS A total of 286 people with advanced CSCC received ICI therapy during May 2017 - May 2022 (cemiplimab, 270; pembrolizumab, 16). Their median age was 75.2 years (range, 39.3-97.5 years) and 232 were men (81%); median follow-up time was 12.2 months (interquartile range, 5.5-20.5 months). Eighty-eight people (31%) were immunocompromised, 27 had autoimmune disease, and 59 of 277 (21%) had ECOG performance scores of 2 or 3. The ORR was 60% (166 of 278 evaluable patients): complete responses were recorded for 74 (27%) and partial responses for 92 patients (33%). Twelve-month overall survival was 78% (95% confidence interval [CI], 72-83%); progression-free survival was 65% (95% CI, 58-70%). Poorer ECOG performance status was associated with poorer overall survival (per unit: adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 3.0; 95% CI, 2.0-4.3) and progression-free survival (aHR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.8-3.3), as was being immunocompromised (overall: aHR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1-3.0; progression-free: aHR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.2-2.7). Fifty-five people (19%) reported immune-related adverse events of grade 2 or higher; there were no treatment-related deaths. CONCLUSION In our retrospective study, the effectiveness and toxicity of ICI therapy were similar to those determined in clinical trials. Our findings suggest that ICIs could be effective and well tolerated by people with advanced CSCC who are ineligible for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke S McLean
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Annette M Lim
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Mathias Bressel
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC
- Centre for Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Jenny Lee
- Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW
- Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW
| | - Rahul Ladwa
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD
| | | | - Brett Hughes
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD
| | | | - Karen Briscoe
- Mid North Coast Cancer Institute, Coffs Harbour, NSW
| | | | | | - Rob Zielinski
- Central West Cancer Care Centre, Orange, NSW
- Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW
| | | | - Matteo Carlino
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Westmead and Blacktown Hospitals, Sydney, NSW
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW
| | | | | | | | - Fiona Day
- Calvary Mater Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW
| | - Danny Rischin
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC
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McLean LS, Rischin D. In‐transit cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Med J Aust 2022; 216:401. [DOI: 10.5694/mja2.51486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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McLean LS, Lim AM, Webb A, Cavanagh K, Thai A, Magarey M, Fox C, Kleid S, Rischin D. Immunotherapy to Avoid Orbital Exenteration in Patients With Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 11:796197. [PMID: 35117997 PMCID: PMC8804342 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.796197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) of the head and neck can require complex and disfiguring surgery in order to achieve cure, which can be morbid and negatively impact patient quality of life. The management of advanced CSCC has been revolutionized by immunotherapy with current clinical trials also exploring its role in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings. Patients may decline morbid curative surgery, such as orbital exenteration, and the outcomes of immunotherapy use in this unique group of patients require further investigation. Methods We reviewed the records of 119 patients treated at a major Australian quaternary oncology centre with immunotherapy (either cemiplimab or pembrolizumab) for advanced CSCC. Results We identified 7 patients recommended curative surgery involving orbital exenteration after multidisciplinary discussion, who declined surgery due to concerns about morbidity and/or disfigurement. All 7 patients demonstrated a response to treatment, and six avoided orbital exenteration. Two patients experienced pseudoprogression. Conclusions The management of CSCC can be complex and requires the input of a multidisciplinary team. Immunotherapy to avoid or reduce the extent of morbid definitive surgery is an emerging treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke S. McLean
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Annette M. Lim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Angela Webb
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Karda Cavanagh
- Department of Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alesha Thai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew Magarey
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Carly Fox
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen Kleid
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Danny Rischin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Danny Rischin,
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McLean LS, Faisal W, Parakh S, Kao SC, Lewis CR, Chin MT, Voskoboynik M, Itchins MJ, Jennens RR, Broad AR, Morris TA, Solomon BJ. Standard-Dose Osimertinib in EGFR-Mutated Non-Small-Cell Lung Adenocarcinoma With Leptomeningeal Disease. JCO Precis Oncol 2022; 5:561-568. [PMID: 34994604 DOI: 10.1200/po.20.00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Leptomeningeal disease (LMD) in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant lung adenocarcinoma is associated with a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Osimertinib is a potent third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor with confirmed CNS penetration. This study reports on outcomes of patients with EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer who developed LMD and were subsequently treated with osimertinib. METHODS We identified patients treated with osimertinib 80 mg PO daily under a compassionate access scheme across nine tertiary Australian institutes between July 2017 and July 2020. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, and treatment history were collected. Median overall survival, median progression-free survival, disease control rates (DCR), and overall response rates (ORR) were assessed. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed and descriptive statistics were used. RESULTS Thirty-nine patients were analyzed of which 74% were female. Exon 19 deletions (49%) and L858R point mutations (41%) were the most common EGFR mutations. Forty-nine percentage of patients were Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group 1. The median duration of osimertinib therapy was 6 months. The extracranial DCR and ORR were 60% and 54%, and the intracranial DCR and ORR were 68% and 53%, respectively. Median overall survival was 10.5 months (95% CI, 8.17 to 15.05 months). CONCLUSION There are limited treatment options for LMD in EGFR-positive lung cancer, and osimertinib at a dose of 80 mg daily is an active therapeutic option for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke S McLean
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wasek Faisal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ballarat Health Services, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sagun Parakh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steven C Kao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Craig R Lewis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Melvin T Chin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark Voskoboynik
- Department of Medical Oncology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Malinda J Itchins
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ross R Jennens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Epworth Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adam R Broad
- Department of Medical Oncology, Andrew Love Cancer Centre, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tessa A Morris
- Southern Blood and Cancer Service, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Benjamin J Solomon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Knight RR, McLean LS, McNeill GR. Biotelemetry applied to elk management. Biomed Sci Instrum 1972; 9:171-5. [PMID: 5029007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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