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Meiszter E, Gazdag T, Mayer PJ, Kunfi A, Holczbauer T, Sulyok-Eiler M, London G. Revisiting Hafner's Azapentalenes: The Chemistry of 1,3-Bis(dimethylamino)-2-azapentalene. J Org Chem 2024; 89:5941-5951. [PMID: 38630009 PMCID: PMC11077492 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Stable azaheterocyclic derivatives of pentalene have been reported by the group of Hafner in the 1970s. However, these structures remained of low interest until recently, when they started to be investigated in the context of organic light-emitting diodes' (OLEDs') development. Herein, we revisit the synthesis of stable azapentalene derivative 1,3-bis(dimethylamino)-2-azapentalene and further explore its properties both computationally and experimentally. Beyond the reproduction and optimization of some previously reported transformations, such as formylation and amine substitution, the available scope of reactions was expanded with azo-coupling, selective halogenations, and cross-coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enikő Meiszter
- MTA
TTK Lendület Functional Organic Materials Research Group, Institute
of Organic Chemistry, HUN-REN Research Centre
for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Department
of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology
and Biotechnology, Budapest University of
Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Gazdag
- MTA
TTK Lendület Functional Organic Materials Research Group, Institute
of Organic Chemistry, HUN-REN Research Centre
for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Hevesy
György PhD School of Chemistry, Eötvös
Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/a, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter J. Mayer
- MTA
TTK Lendület Functional Organic Materials Research Group, Institute
of Organic Chemistry, HUN-REN Research Centre
for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Kunfi
- MTA
TTK Lendület Functional Organic Materials Research Group, Institute
of Organic Chemistry, HUN-REN Research Centre
for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Holczbauer
- Chemical
Crystallography Research Laboratory and Stereochemistry Research Group,
Institute for Organic Chemistry, HUN-REN
Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Máté Sulyok-Eiler
- Hevesy
György PhD School of Chemistry, Eötvös
Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/a, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Laboratory
of Structural Chemistry and Biology, Institute of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter
Sétány 1/a, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor London
- MTA
TTK Lendület Functional Organic Materials Research Group, Institute
of Organic Chemistry, HUN-REN Research Centre
for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
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Horváth D, Dürvanger Z, K Menyhárd D, Sulyok-Eiler M, Bencs F, Gyulai G, Horváth P, Taricska N, Perczel A. Polymorphic amyloid nanostructures of hormone peptides involved in glucose homeostasis display reversible amyloid formation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4621. [PMID: 37528104 PMCID: PMC10394066 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40294-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A large group of hormones are stored as amyloid fibrils in acidic secretion vesicles before they are released into the bloodstream and readopt their functional state. Here, we identify an evolutionarily conserved hexapeptide sequence as the major aggregation-prone region (APR) of gastrointestinal peptides of the glucagon family: xFxxWL. We determine nine polymorphic crystal structures of the APR segments of glucagon-like peptides 1 and 2, and exendin and its derivatives. We follow amyloid formation by CD, FTIR, ThT assays, and AFM. We propose that the pH-dependent changes of the protonation states of glutamate/aspartate residues of APRs initiate switching between the amyloid and the folded, monomeric forms of the hormones. We find that pH sensitivity diminishes in the absence of acidic gatekeepers and amyloid formation progresses over a broad pH range. Our results highlight the dual role of short aggregation core motifs in reversible amyloid formation and receptor binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dániel Horváth
- ELKH-ELTE Protein Modeling Research Group ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Dürvanger
- ELKH-ELTE Protein Modeling Research Group ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
- Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Biology ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - Dóra K Menyhárd
- ELKH-ELTE Protein Modeling Research Group ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
- Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Biology ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - Máté Sulyok-Eiler
- Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Biology ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
- Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - Fruzsina Bencs
- Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Biology ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
- Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - Gergő Gyulai
- Laboratory of Interfaces and Nanostructures, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - Péter Horváth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes Endre utca 9, Budapest, 1092, Hungary
| | - Nóra Taricska
- ELKH-ELTE Protein Modeling Research Group ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - András Perczel
- ELKH-ELTE Protein Modeling Research Group ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary.
- Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Biology ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary.
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Sulyok-Eiler M, Dürvanger Z, Harmat V, Perczel A. Analysis of interfaces and packing of amyloid peptide structures. Acta Cryst Sect A 2022. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273322093056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
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