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Thrane K, Winge MCG, Wang H, Chen L, Guo MG, Andersson A, Abalo XM, Yang X, Kim DS, Longo SK, Soong BY, Meyers JM, Reynolds DL, McGeever A, Demircioglu D, Hasson D, Mirzazadeh R, Rubin AJ, Bae GH, Karkanias J, Rieger K, Lundeberg J, Ji AL. Single-Cell and Spatial Transcriptomic Analysis of Human Skin Delineates Intercellular Communication and Pathogenic Cells. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:2177-2192.e13. [PMID: 37142187 PMCID: PMC10592679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal homeostasis is governed by a balance between keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation with contributions from cell-cell interactions, but conserved or divergent mechanisms governing this equilibrium across species and how an imbalance contributes to skin disease are largely undefined. To address these questions, human skin single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics data were integrated and compared with mouse skin data. Human skin cell-type annotation was improved using matched spatial transcriptomics data, highlighting the importance of spatial context in cell-type identity, and spatial transcriptomics refined cellular communication inference. In cross-species analyses, we identified a human spinous keratinocyte subpopulation that exhibited proliferative capacity and a heavy metal processing signature, which was absent in mouse and may account for species differences in epidermal thickness. This human subpopulation was expanded in psoriasis and zinc-deficiency dermatitis, attesting to disease relevance and suggesting a paradigm of subpopulation dysfunction as a hallmark of the disease. To assess additional potential subpopulation drivers of skin diseases, we performed cell-of-origin enrichment analysis within genodermatoses, nominating pathogenic cell subpopulations and their communication pathways, which highlighted multiple potential therapeutic targets. This integrated dataset is encompassed in a publicly available web resource to aid mechanistic and translational studies of normal and diseased skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Thrane
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Mårten C G Winge
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Hongyu Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Black Family Stem Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Larry Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Black Family Stem Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Margaret G Guo
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Biomedical Informatics Program, Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Alma Andersson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Xesús M Abalo
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Xue Yang
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Daniel S Kim
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Biomedical Informatics Program, Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Sophia K Longo
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Brian Y Soong
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Black Family Stem Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jordan M Meyers
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - David L Reynolds
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Aaron McGeever
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Deniz Demircioglu
- Bioinformatics for Next Generation Sequencing Core, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dan Hasson
- Bioinformatics for Next Generation Sequencing Core, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Reza Mirzazadeh
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Adam J Rubin
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Gordon H Bae
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jim Karkanias
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kerri Rieger
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Joakim Lundeberg
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Andrew L Ji
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Black Family Stem Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
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Winge MCG, Kellman LN, Guo K, Tang JY, Swetter SM, Aasi SZ, Sarin KY, Chang ALS, Khavari PA. Advances in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Nat Rev Cancer 2023:10.1038/s41568-023-00583-5. [PMID: 37286893 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00583-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Human malignancies arise predominantly in tissues of epithelial origin, where the stepwise transformation from healthy epithelium to premalignant dysplasia to invasive neoplasia involves sequential dysregulation of biological networks that govern essential functions of epithelial homeostasis. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a prototype epithelial malignancy, often with a high tumour mutational burden. A plethora of risk genes, dominated by UV-induced sun damage, drive disease progression in conjunction with stromal interactions and local immunomodulation, enabling continuous tumour growth. Recent studies have identified subpopulations of SCC cells that specifically interact with the tumour microenvironment. These advances, along with increased knowledge of the impact of germline genetics and somatic mutations on cSCC development, have led to a greater appreciation of the complexity of skin cancer pathogenesis and have enabled progress in neoadjuvant immunotherapy, which has improved pathological complete response rates. Although measures for the prevention and therapeutic management of cSCC are associated with clinical benefit, the prognosis remains poor for advanced disease. Elucidating how the genetic mechanisms that drive cSCC interact with the tumour microenvironment is a current focus in efforts to understand, prevent and treat cSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mårten C G Winge
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Laura N Kellman
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Program in Cancer Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Konnie Guo
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jean Y Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Susan M Swetter
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Sumaira Z Aasi
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Kavita Y Sarin
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Anne Lynn S Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Paul A Khavari
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA, USA.
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Program in Cancer Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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3
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Winge MCG, Iberri DJ, Novoa RA, Kwong BY, Zaba LC. Telescope punch biopsy of normal-appearing skin to diagnose intravascular lymphoma. Br J Dermatol 2021; 184:e194. [PMID: 33523506 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M C G Winge
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, 780 Welch Road, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - D J Iberri
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, 875 Blake Wilbur Drive, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - R A Novoa
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, 780 Welch Road, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.,Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | - B Y Kwong
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, 780 Welch Road, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - L C Zaba
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, 780 Welch Road, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
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Abstract
The small GTPase Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (RAC1) plays a central role in skin homeostasis, including barrier function, wound healing and inflammatory responses. Psoriasis is a common skin disease characterized by deregulation of these functions, and affected skin exhibit keratinocyte hyperproliferation, inflammation and immune cell infiltration. Although psoriasis is often triggered by environmental stimulus, there is a strong genetic association with genes expressed in both immune cells and keratinocytes, of which several are linked to Rac1 signaling. Rac1 is highly active in human psoriatic lesional skin and keratinocytes, and keratinocyte-specific overexpression of an activated mutant of Rac1, Rac1V12, in a transgenic mouse model closely mimics the presentation of human psoriasis. Both Rac1 activation in keratinocytes and immune derived stimulus are required to drive psoriasiform signaling in transgenic mouse and human xenograft models of psoriasis. Therefore, understanding how increased Rac1 activation in psoriatic epidermis is regulated is central to understanding how the abnormal crosstalk between keratinocytes and immune cells is maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mårten C G Winge
- a Program in Epithelial Biology , Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , CA , USA
| | - M Peter Marinkovich
- a Program in Epithelial Biology , Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , CA , USA.,b Dermatology Service , Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Palo Alto , CA , USA
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Fernandez K, Asad S, Taylan F, Wahlgren CF, Bilcha KD, Nordenskjöld M, Winge MCG, Bradley M. Intragenic Copy Number Variation in the Filaggrin Gene in Ethiopian Patients with Atopic Dermatitis. Pediatr Dermatol 2017; 34:e140-e141. [PMID: 28295514 DOI: 10.1111/pde.13095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Genetic variants in filaggrin (FLG) involving truncating mutations or intragenic copy number variation are strongly associated with the risk of developing atopic dermatitis (AD) in European and Asian populations. Few loss-of-function mutations have been identified in Africans, although an association between FLG copy number variation and AD severity in a small African American cohort has been proposed. We studied the association between FLG copy number and AD in 132 Ethiopians and found no association between AD severity and FLG copy number, suggesting that other, still unidentified genetic factors are of more importance in predisposing Ethiopians to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Fernandez
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Samina Asad
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fulya Taylan
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carl-Fredrik Wahlgren
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kassahun D Bilcha
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Faculty of Medicine, Gondar University, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Magnus Nordenskjöld
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mårten C G Winge
- Program in Epithelial Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Maria Bradley
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.,Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
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Winge MCG, Ohyama B, Dey CN, Boxer LM, Li W, Ehsani-Chimeh N, Truong AK, Wu D, Armstrong AW, Makino T, Davidson M, Starcevic D, Kislat A, Nguyen NT, Hashimoto T, Homey B, Khavari PA, Bradley M, Waterman EA, Marinkovich MP. RAC1 activation drives pathologic interactions between the epidermis and immune cells. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:2661-77. [PMID: 27294528 DOI: 10.1172/jci85738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between the epidermis and the immune system govern epidermal tissue homeostasis. These epidermis-immune interactions are altered in the inflammatory disease psoriasis; however, the pathways that underlie this aberrant immune response are not well understood. Here, we determined that Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (RAC1) is a key mediator of epidermal dysfunction. RAC1 activation was consistently elevated in psoriatic epidermis and primary psoriatic human keratinocytes (PHKCs) exposed to psoriasis-related stimuli, but not in skin from patients with basal or squamous cell carcinoma. Expression of a constitutively active form of RAC1 (RACV12) in mice resulted in the development of lesions similar to those of human psoriasis that required the presence of an intact immune system. RAC1V12-expressing mice and human psoriatic skin showed similar RAC1-dependent signaling as well as transcriptional overlap of differentially expressed epidermal and immune pathways. Coculture of PHKCs with immunocytes resulted in the upregulation of RAC1-dependent proinflammatory cytokines, an effect that was reproduced by overexpressing RAC1 in normal human keratinocytes. In keratinocytes, modulating RAC1 activity altered differentiation, proliferation, and inflammatory pathways, including STAT3, NFκB, and zinc finger protein 750 (ZNF750). Finally, RAC1 inhibition in xenografts composed of human PHKCs and immunocytes abolished psoriasiform hyperplasia and inflammation in vivo. These studies implicate RAC1 as a potential therapeutic target for psoriasis and as a key orchestrator of pathologic epidermis-immune interactions.
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Daadi MM, Klausner JQ, Bajar B, Goshen I, Lee-Messer C, Lee SY, Winge MCG, Ramakrishnan C, Lo M, Sun G, Deisseroth K, Steinberg GK. Optogenetic Stimulation of Neural Grafts Enhances Neurotransmission and Downregulates the Inflammatory Response in Experimental Stroke Model. Cell Transplant 2015; 25:1371-80. [PMID: 26132738 DOI: 10.3727/096368915x688533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Compelling evidence suggests that transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) from multiple sources ameliorates motor deficits after stroke. However, it is currently unknown to what extent the electrophysiological activity of grafted NSC progeny participates in the improvement of motor deficits and whether excitatory phenotypes of the grafted cells are beneficial or deleterious to sensorimotor performances. To address this question, we used optogenetic tools to drive the excitatory outputs of the grafted NSCs and assess the impact on local circuitry and sensorimotor performance. We genetically engineered NSCs to express the Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2), a light-gated cation channel that evokes neuronal depolarization and initiation of action potentials with precise temporal control to light stimulation. To test the function of these cells in a stroke model, rats were subjected to an ischemic stroke and grafted with ChR2-NSCs. The grafted NSCs identified with a human-specific nuclear marker survived in the peri-infarct tissue and coexpressed the ChR2 transgene with the neuronal markers TuJ1 and NeuN. Gene expression analysis in stimulated versus vehicle-treated animals showed a differential upregulation of transcripts involved in neurotransmission, neuronal differentiation, regeneration, axonal guidance, and synaptic plasticity. Interestingly, genes involved in the inflammatory response were significantly downregulated. Behavioral analysis demonstrated that chronic optogenetic stimulation of the ChR2-NSCs enhanced forelimb use on the stroke-affected side and motor activity in an open field test. Together these data suggest that excitatory stimulation of grafted NSCs elicits beneficial effects in experimental stroke model through cell replacement and non-cell replacement, anti-inflammatory/neurotrophic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel M Daadi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Winge MCG, Bradley M, Björck E. Impaired wound healing and cheilitis in a Pachyonychia congenita K6a family. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2014; 29:185-7. [PMID: 24708461 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.12386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M C G Winge
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine L8:02, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Hoppe T, Winge MCG, Bradley M, Nordenskjöld M, Vahlquist A, Törmä H, Berne B. Moisturizing treatment of patients with atopic dermatitis and ichthyosis vulgaris improves dry skin, but has a modest effect on gene expression regardless of FLG genotype. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2013; 29:174-7. [PMID: 24330146 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.12333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss-of-function mutations in FLG (encoding filaggrin) are a predisposing factor for atopic dermatitis (AD) and cause ichthyosis vulgaris (IV). Patients with AD and IV display impaired skin barrier and dry skin, and altered epidermal expression of genes in pro-inflammatory and lipid metabolic pathways are often evident. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of three different moisturizers on skin barrier function and epidermal gene expression in patients with AD/IV in relation to FLG mutation status. METHODS Patients (n = 43) were classified according to their FLG status: AD with FLG+/+ (n = 14), AD with FLG+/- (n = 14), and AD/IV with FLG-/- (n = 15). Dryness score and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were monitored on volar forearms, and punch biopsies were taken for analysis of gene expression. Measurements were repeated after 4 weeks of treatment with either of two moisturizers on each forearm. RESULTS Treatment with any of the three moisturizers significantly reduced dryness score and TEWL in the group as a whole. FLG-/- patients displayed the largest reduction in dryness score. Only minute changes occurred in the mRNA expression of 15 selected epidermal genes. CONCLUSIONS Moisturizing treatment improves dry skin and certain aspects of abnormal skin barrier function, especially in patients with AD/IV and dual FLG mutations, but does not normalize the epidermal gene expression profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hoppe
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatology and Venereology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Weidinger S, Willis-Owen SAG, Kamatani Y, Baurecht H, Morar N, Liang L, Edser P, Street T, Rodriguez E, O'Regan GM, Beattie P, Fölster-Holst R, Franke A, Novak N, Fahy CM, Winge MCG, Kabesch M, Illig T, Heath S, Söderhäll C, Melén E, Pershagen G, Kere J, Bradley M, Lieden A, Nordenskjold M, Harper JI, McLean WHI, Brown SJ, Cookson WOC, Lathrop GM, Irvine AD, Moffatt MF. A genome-wide association study of atopic dermatitis identifies loci with overlapping effects on asthma and psoriasis. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:4841-56. [PMID: 23886662 PMCID: PMC3820131 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common dermatological disease of childhood. Many children with AD have asthma and AD shares regions of genetic linkage with psoriasis, another chronic inflammatory skin disease. We present here a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of childhood-onset AD in 1563 European cases with known asthma status and 4054 European controls. Using Illumina genotyping followed by imputation, we generated 268 034 consensus genotypes and in excess of 2 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for analysis. Association signals were assessed for replication in a second panel of 2286 European cases and 3160 European controls. Four loci achieved genome-wide significance for AD and replicated consistently across all cohorts. These included the epidermal differentiation complex (EDC) on chromosome 1, the genomic region proximal to LRRC32 on chromosome 11, the RAD50/IL13 locus on chromosome 5 and the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on chromosome 6; reflecting action of classical HLA alleles. We observed variation in the contribution towards co-morbid asthma for these regions of association. We further explored the genetic relationship between AD, asthma and psoriasis by examining previously identified susceptibility SNPs for these diseases. We found considerable overlap between AD and psoriasis together with variable coincidence between allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma. Our results indicate that the pathogenesis of AD incorporates immune and epidermal barrier defects with combinations of specific and overlapping effects at individual loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Weidinger
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and
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Liedén A, Winge MCG, Sääf A, Kockum I, Ekelund E, Rodriguez E, Fölster-Holst R, Franke A, Illig T, Tengvall-Linder M, Baurecht H, Weidinger S, Wahlgren CF, Nordenskjöld M, Bradley M. Genetic variation in the epidermal transglutaminase genes is not associated with atopic dermatitis. PLoS One 2012. [PMID: 23189155 PMCID: PMC3506648 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disorder where epidermal barrier dysfunction is a major factor in the pathogenesis. The identification of AD susceptibility genes related to barrier dysfunction is therefore of importance. The epidermal transglutaminases (TGM1, TGM3 and TGM5) encodes essential cross-linking enzymes in the epidermis. Objective To determine whether genetic variability in the epidermal transglutaminases contributes to AD susceptibility. Methods Forty-seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TGM1, TGM3 and TGM5 gene region were tested for genetic association with AD, independently and in relation to FLG genotype, using a pedigree disequilibrium test (PDT) in a Swedish material consisting of 1753 individuals from 539 families. In addition, a German case-control material, consisting of 533 AD cases and 1996 controls, was used for in silico analysis of the epidermal TGM regions. Gene expression of the TGM1, TGM3 and TGM5 gene was investigated by relative quantification with Real Time PCR (qRT-PCR). Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis was performed to detect TG1, TG3 and TG5 protein expression in the skin of patients and healthy controls. Results PDT analysis identified a significant association between the TGM1 SNP rs941505 and AD with allergen-specific IgE in the Swedish AD family material. However, the association was not replicated in the German case-control material. No significant association was detected for analyzed SNPs in relation to FLG genotype. TG1, TG3 and TG5 protein expression was detected in AD skin and a significantly increased TGM3 mRNA expression was observed in lesional skin by qRT-PCR. Conclusion Although TGM1 and TGM3 may be differentially expressed in AD skin, the results from the genetic analysis suggest that genetic variation in the epidermal transglutaminases is not an important factor in AD susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agne Liedén
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mårten C. G. Winge
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Annika Sääf
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Kockum
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Ekelund
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elke Rodriguez
- Department of Dermatology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian- Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Illig
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maria Tengvall-Linder
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Carl-Fredrik Wahlgren
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Nordenskjöld
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Bradley
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Winge MCG, Suneson J, Lysell J, Nikamo P, Liedén A, Nordenskjöld M, Wahlgren CF, Bradley M, Ståhle M. Lack of association between filaggrin gene mutations and onset of psoriasis in childhood. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2011; 27:e124-7. [PMID: 22182180 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2011.04403.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD; OMIM#603165) and psoriasis (OMIM#177900) are two common inflammatory skin disorders. Both are genetically complex, multifactorial and do not follow a Mendelian pattern of inheritance. Both diseases share several genetic susceptibility loci such as the epidermal differentiation complex (EDC) on chromosome 1q21. Within the EDC, mutations in the filaggrin (FLG) gene are strongly associated with AD whereas no association has been replicated with psoriasis. However, reduced levels of filaggrin have been reported in psoriatic skin. Further, filaggrin deficiency was shown to be a modifying factor for the phenotype in another epidermal skin disorder, X-linked recessive ichthyosis. Altogether, this raises the question if FLG mutations may modify the disease course in other epidermal skin diseases such as psoriasis. Psoriasis is a highly heterogeneous disease and so far genetic studies have not taken the distinct sub-phenotype childhood onset into account. OBJECTIVE To determine if FLG mutations modify the onset of psoriasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 241 children with onset of psoriasis below 15 years of age and 314 healthy controls were identified at the Dermatology clinic, Karolinska University Hospital and diagnosed by the same dermatologist (JL). Blood samples were taken and medical history was recorded. FLG was genotyped in all patients and controls using allelic discrimination (n = 555) and sequencing (n = 20). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS No association between FLG mutations and early onset of psoriasis was demonstrated (P = 0.57) and no novel mutations were detected, indicating that FLG loss-of-function variants do not have a strong effect on the onset of psoriasis in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C G Winge
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Winge MCG, Hoppe T, Liedén A, Nordenskjöld M, Vahlquist A, Wahlgren CF, Törmä H, Bradley M, Berne B. Novel point mutation in the STS gene in a patient with X-linked recessive ichthyosis. J Dermatol Sci 2011; 63:62-4. [PMID: 21530180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2011.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2010] [Revised: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Winge MCG, Chryssanthou E, Wahlgren CF. Combs and hair-trimming tools as reservoirs for dermatophytes in juvenile tinea capitis. Acta Derm Venereol 2009; 89:536-7. [PMID: 19734990 DOI: 10.2340/00015555-0694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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