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Azcarate-Peril MA, Roach J, Marsh A, Chey WD, Sandborn WJ, Ritter AJ, Savaiano DA, Klaenhammer TR. A double-blind, 377-subject randomized study identifies Ruminococcus, Coprococcus, Christensenella, and Collinsella as long-term potential key players in the modulation of the gut microbiome of lactose intolerant individuals by galacto-oligosaccharides. Gut Microbes 2022; 13:1957536. [PMID: 34365905 PMCID: PMC8354614 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1957536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Our recent publication (Chey et al., Nutrients 2020) showed that a 30-day administration of pure galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) significantly reduced symptoms and altered the fecal microbiome in patients with lactose intolerance (LI). Results. In this addendum, we performed an in-depth analysis of the fecal microbiome of the 377 LI patients randomized to one of two GOS doses (Low, 10-15 grams/day or High, 15-20 grams/day), or placebo in a multi-center, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Sequencing of 16S rRNA amplicons was done on GOS or placebo groups at weeks zero (baseline), four (end of treatment), nine, 16 and 22. Taxa impacted by treatment and subsequent dairy consumption included lactose-fermenting species of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, and Streptococcus. Increased secondary fermentation microorganisms included Coprococcus and Ruminococcus species, Blautia producta, and Methanobrevibacterium. Finally, tertiary fermenters that use acetate to generate butyrate were also increased, including Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Roseburia faecis, and C. eutactus. Conclusions. Results confirmed and expanded data on GOS microbiome modulation in LI individuals. Microbiome analysis at 16 and 22 weeks after treatment further suggested relatively long-term benefits when individuals continued consumption of dairy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Azcarate-Peril
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,UNC Microbiome Core, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,CONTACT M. A. Azcarate-Peril Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, 332 Isaac Taylor Hall, Chapel Hill, NC27599-7545
| | - J. Roach
- UNC Microbiome Core, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,UNC Information Technology Services and Research Computing, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - A. Marsh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,UNC Microbiome Core, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - William D. Chey
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - William J. Sandborn
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Dennis A. Savaiano
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - T. R. Klaenhammer
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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Sanborn V, Azcarate-Peril MA, Gunstad J. The effects of medication adherence on study outcomes in randomized clinical trials: A role for cognitive dysfunction? Appl Neuropsychol Adult 2019; 28:641-646. [PMID: 31650861 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2019.1680987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Medication nonadherence is common and has been associated with poor health outcomes. Older adults are especially likely to be non-adherent to their medications, as they often have more medications to manage and are at greater risk for cognitive dysfunction. Though less frequently examined, the association between cognitive dysfunction and nonadherence also likely extends to clinical trials research. The current study used archival data to examine the potential impact of cognitive dysfunction on adherence to a nutritional supplement as part of a 90-day randomized clinical trial in neurologically healthy middle-aged and older adults. Results showed overall cognitive performance was predictive of adherence to capsule intake when controlling for polypharmacy [F(1,157) = 6.53, p < .01]. These results suggest that cognitive dysfunction may impact findings from RCTs through its adverse impact on adherence to study protocol, possibly leading to greater treatment variance, artificially reduced treatment effects, lower study power, and distorted study outcomes and conclusions. A better understanding of methodological and statistical approaches to account for these unwanted effects are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Sanborn
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - M A Azcarate-Peril
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and UNC Microbiome Core, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J Gunstad
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA.,Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
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Furquim CP, Soares GMS, Ribeiro LL, Azcarate-Peril MA, Butz N, Roach J, Moss K, Bonfim C, Torres-Pereira CC, Teles FRF. The Salivary Microbiome and Oral Cancer Risk: a Pilot Study in Fanconi Anemia. J Dent Res 2016; 96:292-299. [PMID: 27827319 DOI: 10.1177/0022034516678169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disease characterized by chromosomal instability and impaired DNA damage repair. FA patients develop oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) earlier and more frequently than the general population, especially after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Although evidence of an etiological role of the local microbiome and carcinogenesis has been mounting, no information exists regarding the oral microbiome of FA patients. The aim of this study was to explore the salivary microbiome of 61 FA patients regarding their oral health status and OSCC risk factors. After answering a questionnaire and receiving clinical examination, saliva samples were collected and analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing of the V3-V4 hypervariable region. The microbial profiles associated with medical and clinical parameters were analyzed using general linear models. Patients were young (mean age, 22 y) and most had received HSCT ( n = 53). The most abundant phyla were Firmicutes [mean relative abundance (SD), 42.1% (10.1%)] and Bacteroidetes [(25.4% (11.4%)]. A history of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) ( n = 27) was associated with higher proportions of Firmicutes (43.8% × 38.5%, P = 0.05). High levels of gingival bleeding were associated with the genera Prevotella (22.25% × 20%), Streptococcus (19.83% × 17.61%), Porphyromonas (3.63% × 1.42%, P = 0.03), Treponema (1.02% × 0.28%, P = 0.009), Parvimonas (0.28% × 0.07%, P = 0.02) and Dialister (0.27% × 0.10%, P = 0.04). Finally, participants transplanted over 11 y ago showed the highest levels of Streptococcus (18.4%), Haemophilus (12.7%) and Neisseria (6.8%). In conclusion, FA patients that showed poor oral hygiene harbored higher proportions of the genera of bacteria compatible with gingival disease. Specific microbial differences were associated with a history of oral GVHD and a history of oral mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Furquim
- 1 Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - G M S Soares
- 2 Department of Stomatology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - L L Ribeiro
- 3 Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - M A Azcarate-Peril
- 4 Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - N Butz
- 4 Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J Roach
- 5 Department of Research Computing, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - K Moss
- 6 Department of Dental Ecology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - C Bonfim
- 3 Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - C C Torres-Pereira
- 2 Department of Stomatology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - F R F Teles
- 7 Department of Periodontology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Monteagudo-Mera A, Arthur JC, Jobin C, Keku T, Bruno-Barcena JM, Azcarate-Peril MA. High purity galacto-oligosaccharides enhance specific Bifidobacterium species and their metabolic activity in the mouse gut microbiome. Benef Microbes 2016; 7:247-64. [PMID: 26839072 DOI: 10.3920/bm2015.0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prebiotics are selectively fermented ingredients that result in specific changes in the composition and/or activity of the gastrointestinal microbiota, thus conferring benefit(s) upon the host health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of a β(1-4)galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) formulation consisting of 90% pure GOS (GOS90), on the composition and activity of the mouse gut microbiota. Germ-free mice were colonised with microbiota from four pathogen-free wt 129 mice donors (SPF), and stools were collected during a feeding trial in which GOS90 was delivered orally for 14 days. Pyrosequencing of 16S rDNA amplicons showed that Bifidobacterium and specific Lactobacillus, Bacteroides and Clostridiales were more prevalent in GOS90-fed mice after 14 days, although the prebiotic impact on Bifidobacterium varied among individual mice. Prebiotic feeding also resulted in decreased abundance of Bacteroidales, Helicobacter and Clostridium. High-throughput quantitative PCR showed an increased abundance of Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium lactis and Bifidobacterium gallicum in the prebiotic-fed mice. Control female mice showed a higher diversity (phylogenetic diversity (PD) = 15.1 ± 3.4 in stools and PD = 13.0 ± 0.6 in intestinal contents) than control males (PD = 7.8 ± 1.6 in stool samples and PD = 9.5 ± 1.0 in intestinal contents). GOS90 did not modify inflammatory biomarkers (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, IL-1β, interferon gamma and tumour necrosis factor alpha). Decreased butyrate, acetate and lactate concentrations in stools of prebiotic fed mice suggested an increase in colonic absorption and reduced excretion. Overall, our results demonstrate that GOS90 is capable of modulating the intestinal microbiome resulting in expansion of the probiome (autochtonous commensal intestinal bacteria considered to have a beneficial influence on health).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Monteagudo-Mera
- 1 Microbiome Core Facility, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina, 312 Isaac Taylor Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - J C Arthur
- 2 Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina, 312 Isaac Taylor Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - C Jobin
- 2 Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina, 312 Isaac Taylor Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,3 Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, University of Florida, Box 100214, Gainesville, FL 32610-0214, USA
| | - T Keku
- 2 Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina, 312 Isaac Taylor Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - J M Bruno-Barcena
- 4 Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, 4550A Thomas Hall, Campus Box 7615, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - M A Azcarate-Peril
- 1 Microbiome Core Facility, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina, 312 Isaac Taylor Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,5 Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, 100 Mason Farm Road, Campus Box 7545, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7545, USA
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Reina LD, Pérez-Díaz IM, Breidt F, Azcarate-Peril MA, Medina E, Butz N. Characterization of the microbial diversity in yacon spontaneous fermentation at 20 °C. Int J Food Microbiol 2015; 203:35-40. [PMID: 25777679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The prebiotic fructooligosaccharide content of yacon makes this root an attractive alternative for the supplementation of a variety of food products. The preservation of yacon by fermentation has been proposed as an alternative to increase the probiotic content of the root concomitantly with its shelf life. Thus the fermented yacon could have significant functional content. The objective of this research was to characterize the biochemistry and microbiology of spontaneous yacon fermentation with 2% NaCl and define the viability of the proposed process. The biochemical analysis of spontaneous heterolactic fermentation of yacon showed a progressive drop in pH with increased lactic and acetic acids, and the production of mannitol during fermentation. The microbial ecology of yacon fermentation was investigated using culture-dependent and culture-independent methods. Bacterial cell counts revealed a dominance of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) over yeasts, which were also present during the first 2 days of the fermentation. Results showed that the heterofermentative LAB were primarily Leuconostoc species, thus it presents a viable method to achieve long term preservation of this root.
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Affiliation(s)
- L D Reina
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States.
| | - I M Pérez-Díaz
- USDA-Agriculture Research Service, SAA, Food Science Research Unit, 322 Schaub Hall-NCSU, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| | - F Breidt
- USDA-Agriculture Research Service, SAA, Food Science Research Unit, 322 Schaub Hall-NCSU, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| | - M A Azcarate-Peril
- Microbiome Core Facility, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - E Medina
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States; Department of Food Biotechnolgy, Instituto de la Grasa, CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - N Butz
- Microbiome Core Facility, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
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Thompson AL, Monteagudo-Mera A, Cadenas MB, Lampl ML, Azcarate-Peril MA. Milk- and solid-feeding practices and daycare attendance are associated with differences in bacterial diversity, predominant communities, and metabolic and immune function of the infant gut microbiome. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2015; 5:3. [PMID: 25705611 PMCID: PMC4318912 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2015.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of the infant intestinal microbiome in response to dietary and other exposures may shape long-term metabolic and immune function. We examined differences in the community structure and function of the intestinal microbiome between four feeding groups, exclusively breastfed infants before introduction of solid foods (EBF), non-exclusively breastfed infants before introduction of solid foods (non-EBF), EBF infants after introduction of solid foods (EBF+S), and non-EBF infants after introduction of solid foods (non-EBF+S), and tested whether out-of-home daycare attendance was associated with differences in relative abundance of gut bacteria. Bacterial 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing was performed on 49 stool samples collected longitudinally from a cohort of 9 infants (5 male, 4 female). PICRUSt metabolic inference analysis was used to identify metabolic impacts of feeding practices on the infant gut microbiome. Sequencing data identified significant differences across groups defined by feeding and daycare attendance. Non-EBF and daycare-attending infants had higher diversity and species richness than EBF and non-daycare attending infants. The gut microbiome of EBF infants showed increased proportions of Bifidobacterium and lower abundance of Bacteroidetes and Clostridiales than non-EBF infants. PICRUSt analysis indicated that introduction of solid foods had a marginal impact on the microbiome of EBF infants (24 enzymes overrepresented in EBF+S infants). In contrast, over 200 bacterial gene categories were overrepresented in non-EBF+S compared to non-EBF infants including several bacterial methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCP) involved in signal transduction. The identified differences between EBF and non-EBF infants suggest that breast milk may provide the gut microbiome with a greater plasticity (despite having a lower phylogenetic diversity) that eases the transition into solid foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. Thompson
- Department of Anthropology, University of North CarolinaChapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Andrea Monteagudo-Mera
- Microbiome Core Facility, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North CarolinaChapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Maria B. Cadenas
- Microbiome Core Facility, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North CarolinaChapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michelle L. Lampl
- Department of Anthropology and Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory UniversityAtlanta, GA, USA
| | - M. A. Azcarate-Peril
- Microbiome Core Facility, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North CarolinaChapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North CarolinaChapel Hill, NC, USA
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Abstract
AIMS Lactobacilli adhere to the intestinal epithelium and this intimate association likely promotes retention in the gastrointestinal tract and communication with the immune system. The aim of this study was to investigate whether or not the quorum-sensing signalling molecule, autoinducer (AI)-2, was produced by Lactobacillus acidophilus and affected adherence to intestinal epithelial cells. METHODS Microarray analysis of concentrated cells of L. acidophilus NCFM revealed several genes involved in a classic stress response and potentially adhesion. Putative genes linked to the synthesis of the interspecies signalling molecule, AI-2, were overexpressed. Examination of the NCFM genome revealed the complete pathway for AI-2 synthesis. AI-2 activity from NCFM was detected using the Vibrio harveyi BB170 assay system. Using site-specific integration, an isogenic mutation was created in luxS and the resulting mutant did not produce AI-2. In addition to some minor metabolic effects, the luxS mutation resulted in 58% decrease in adherence to Caco-2 cells. CONCLUSION L. acidophilus NCFM encodes the genes for synthesis of the quorum-sensing signal, AI-2, and produces this molecule during planktonic growth. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The ability to produce AI-2 affects the ability of L. acidophilus to attach to intestinal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Buck
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27695, USA
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Azcarate-Peril MA, Tallon R, Klaenhammer TR. Temporal gene expression and probiotic attributes of Lactobacillus acidophilus during growth in milk. J Dairy Sci 2009; 92:870-86. [PMID: 19233780 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2008-1457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria have been used as starter strains in the production of fermented dairy products for centuries. Lactobacillus acidophilus is a widely recognized probiotic bacteria commonly added to yogurt and used in dietary supplements. In this study, a whole genome microarray was employed to monitor gene expression of L. acidophilus NCFM cells propagated in 11% skim milk during early, mid and late logarithmic phase, and stationary phase. Approximately 21% of 1,864 open reading frames were differentially expressed at least in one time point. Genes differentially expressed in skim milk included several members of the proteolytic enzyme system. Expression of prtP (proteinase precursor) and prtM (maturase) increased over time as well as several peptidases and transport systems. Expression of Opp1 (oligopeptide transport system 1) was highest at 4 h, whereas gene expression of Opp2 increased over time reaching its highest level at 12 h, suggesting that the 2 systems have different specificities. Expression of a 2-component regulatory system, previously shown to regulate acid tolerance and proteolytic activity, also increased during the early log and early stationary phases of growth. Expression of the genes involved in lactose utilization increased immediately (5 min) upon exposure to milk. The acidification activity, survival under storage conditions, and adhesion to mucin and Caco-2 tissue culture cells of selected mutants containing insertionally inactivated genes differentially expressed in the wild-type strain during growth in milk were examined for any potential links between probiotic properties and bacterial growth and survival in milk. Some of the most interesting genes found to be expressed in milk were correlated with signaling (autoinducer-2) and adherence to mucin and intestinal epithelial cells, in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Azcarate-Peril
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, and Southeast Dairy Foods Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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