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Ullah N, Kakakhel MA, Bai Y, Xi L, Khan I, Kalra BS, Kumar T, Ahmad H, Shah M, Guanlan L, Zhang C. Prevalence of active HCV infection and genotypic distribution among the general population of district Mardan, Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e244977. [PMID: 34287506 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.244977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the serious global public health burden of liver disease. Approximately 170 million people in the world are infected with (HCV). In Pakistan, where the disease has high occurrence rate. The present study envisages an up-to-date prevalence of HCV and genotypic distribution in the general population of Mardan District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. The blood samples from 6,538 individuals including 3,263 males and 3,275 females were analyzed for hepatitis C surface antigen by Immuno-chromatographic test (ICT), Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). It was found that 396 (12.13%) out of 3263 individuals contained antibodies in their blood against HCV, while among the different age groups, the highest incidences of HCV antibodies were found in the 31-40 age group (11.01%). The ICT positive samples were further screened by nested PCR to determine the existence of active HCV-RNA. It was identified that 7.11% (3263) of the total population (6538) tested was positive, among which the 461 (14.07%) females possessed antibodies in their blood against HCV. Our data showed total HCV infection in the investigated population was 5.78%. Higher percentage of HCV prevalence was detected in males than females in the age group 31-40 and 41-50. To compare the prevalence of HCV genotypes age-wise in male and female genotype 3a was found most prevalent genotype followed by 1a, 2a and 3b, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ullah
- Lanzhou University, School of Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - M A Kakakhel
- Lanzhou University, School of Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Y Bai
- Lanzhou University, School of Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - L Xi
- Lanzhou University, School of Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - I Khan
- Lanzhou University, School of Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - B S Kalra
- Virtual University of Pakistan, Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - T Kumar
- Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou, P.R. China.,Lanzhou University, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - H Ahmad
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Genetics, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - M Shah
- University of Swat, Centre for Animal Sciences and Fisheries, Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - L Guanlan
- Lanzhou University, School of Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - C Zhang
- Lanzhou University, School of Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Ullah N, Khan I, Kakakhel MA, Xi L, Bai Y, Kalra BS, Guanlan L, Kumar T, Shah M, Zhang C. Serological prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Mardan district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e245813. [PMID: 34287527 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.245813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus infection is perilous among the five types of Hepatitis, as it remains clinically asymptomatic. The present study draws up-to-date prevalence of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the general population of Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. The blood samples from 4803 individuals including 2399 male and 2404 females were investigated. All the suspected samples were analyzed for hepatitis B surface antigen using Immuno-chromatographic test (ICT), Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and followed by Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results showed that 312 (13.00%) out of 2399 individuals contained antibodies in their blood against HBV, while among the different age groups, the highest incidences of HBV antibodies were found in the age of 21-30 groups (10.73%). Furthermore, the ICT positive samples were screened by nested polymerase chain reaction to detect the existence of active HBV-DNA. It was observed that 169 (7.04%) out of (2399) male of the total population (4803) tested was positive. On the other hand, the female 463 (19.25%) possessed antibodies in their blood against HBV. Accumulatively, our results showed a higher percentage of HBV prevalence in males than females in the age group 21-30 years. The total HCV infected in Mardan general population was recorded at 5.7% comprising both male and female.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ullah
- Lanzhou University, School of Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - I Khan
- Lanzhou University, School of Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - M A Kakakhel
- Lanzhou University, School of Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - L Xi
- Lanzhou University, School of Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Y Bai
- Lanzhou University, School of Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - B S Kalra
- Virtual University of Pakistan, Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - L Guanlan
- Lanzhou University, School of Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - T Kumar
- State Key Laboratory of grassland Agro-ecosystem, Key Laboratory of Grassland, Livestock Industry Innovation, , Collage of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - M Shah
- University of Swat, Centre for Animal Sciences & Fisheries, Charbagh, Pakistan
| | - C Zhang
- Lanzhou University, School of Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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