[Analysis of surgical complications of reconstructive plastic surgery according to the ClavienDindo classification]

INTRODUCTION

The systematization of surgical complications has long been a serious problem since different types of surgical procedures have specific complications, in addition to general consequences. Created in 1992 and improved in 2004, the Clavien-Dindo classification was successfully validated in surgical centers in different countries and recognized as an important tool for the qualitative assessment of surgical complications.

AIM

To improve reconstructive procedures by systematizing complications based on the ClavienDindo classification.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The results of substitution ileocystoplasty in 95 patients with contracted bladder due to tuberculosis and other diseases are presented. In 50 (52.6%) cases, the length of the bowel segment was 30-35 cm (group 1, main), while in 45 patients (47.4%) a segment of 45-60 cm was chosen (group 2, control).

RESULTS

Early complications of grade II developed in 11 (22.0%) patients in the group 1 and in 13 (28.9%) in group 2, while grade III in 5 (10.0%) and 6 (13.3%) cases, respectively. Complications of IIIb grade were seen among patients of the main group in 9 (18.0%) cases compared to 12 (26.7%) in the control group. Severe complications of IVa and IVb grades were documented with the same frequency in both groups, in one case each. Complications of V grade (death) were recorded only in the group 2. Late complications were registered in 63 out of 94 patients. In group 1, there were 26 complications (16 somatic and 10 surgical), while in group 2, a total of 37 complications (24 somatic and 13 surgical) were seen, which indicates a significant higher rate in the control group (p<0.05). In group 1, transurethral resection of urethral-enteric anastomosis and ureteral reimplantation were performed less frequently than in group 2, while transurethral resection of the prostate was done with the same frequency. At the same time, percutaneous nephrostomy was required more often in the group 1 (6% vs. 4.5% in the group 2). After intestinal cystoplasty with a shortened fragment of the ileum, the voiding volume was significantly lower but corresponded to the physiological value (more than 150 ml). In this group, there was sufficient capacity of neobladder with a minimum amount of residual urine, effective emptying, satisfactory urinary continence, and low intraluminal pressure, which contributes to the protection of kidneys from reservoir-ureteral-pelvic reflux. The serum chloride level after surgery was 106.2+/-0.4 in the group 1 compared to 109.7+/-0.3 in the group 2, while base excess was -0.93+/-0.3 and -3.4+/-0.65, respectively (p<0.05).

CONCLUSION

Early serious postoperative complications according to Clavien-Dindo were registered with approximately the same frequency in both groups, while late complications developed significantly more often in the group 2. The urodynamic parameters of a neobladder formed from ileum segment of 30-35 cm are satisfactory. In addition, a decrease in the length of the intestinal segment prevents the development of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis.

[Analysis of the results of urinary incontinence treatment in women using free suburethral synthetic sling: the experience of 1000 operations]

The study presents an analysis of the experience of treatment of urinary incontinence in women using free synthetic suburethral sling. Between 2001 and 2008, 1081 patients underwent surgery. Of these, 841 (77.8%) suffered from stress urinary incontinence, 202 (18.62%) suffered from the mixed form of urinary incontinence with a predominance of the stress component, and 38 (3.52%) had recurrent urinary incontinence. Group 1 included patients with stress urinary incontinence who underwent surgery using suburethral synthetic sling with retropubic access (TVT operation); Group 2 included patients, who underwent surgery using suburethral sling implanted with transobturator access (TVT-O operation). Group 3 consisted of patients with mixed urinary incontinence, who underwent TVT-O operation. Retropubic suburethral TVT sling was implanted in 273 (25.25%) patients, transobturator TVT-O sling--in 740 (68,45%) patients, and other synthetic suburethral slings--in 68 (6.3%) patients. The average follow-up period was 50.1, 31.1 and 32,6 months in each group, respectively. Cough test was used for the objective evaluation of the effectiveness, and visual analogue scale--for the subjective evaluation of effectiveness. In the TVT group, the negative cough test in the postoperative period remained at 85.58% of the patients, and in in TVT-O group--in 84.36% of patients. Analysis of the frequency of intraoperative complications showed that the probability of occurrence of complications was not associated with age, body mass index and obstetric history of patients. It was noted that the perforation of the bladder and pelvic hematoma were more likely to occur when using the retropubic access. Transobturator access is associated with a higher risk of injury of the lateral vaginal fornix, although bladder injury is not ruled out. Objective and subjective indicators of efficacy of treatment of mixed form of urinary incontinence were 86.15 and 87.69%, respectively. The study suggests that the operations using suburethral TVT and TVT-O slings are safe and effective methods of treatment of stress urinary incontinence in women.