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Ahmad S, Zainab, Ahmad H, Khan I, Alghamdi S, Almehmadi M, Ali M, Ullah A, Hussain H, Khan NM, Ali F, Ahmad M. Green synthesis of gold nanaoparticles using Delphinium Chitralense tuber extracts, their characterization and enzyme inhibitory potential. BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 82:e257622. [PMID: 35293518 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.257622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Green synthesis has been introduced as an alternative to chemical synthesis due to the serious consequences. Metal nanoparticles synthesized through green approach have different pharmaceutical, medical and agricultural applications. The present study followed a green and simple route for the preparation of potentially bioactive gold nanoparticles (Au NPs). Au NPs were prepared via green synthesis approach using crude basic alkaloidal portion of the tuber of Delphinium chitralense. The green synthesized Au NPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and UV-Visible spectrophotometer. Morphological analysis shows that Au NPs have cubic geometry with different sizes. UV-Vis spectroscopic analysis confirmed the synthesis of Au NPs while XRD proved their pure crystalline phase. The Au NPs showed promising dose dependent inhibition of both AChE and BChE as compared to the crude as well as standard drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ahmad
- University of Malakand, Department of Chemistry, Chakdara, Dir (L), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.,Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal, Department of Pharmacy, Dir (Upper), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Zainab
- University of Malakand, Department of Chemistry, Chakdara, Dir (L), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - H Ahmad
- University of Malakand, Department of Chemistry, Chakdara, Dir (L), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - I Khan
- Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Department of Chemistry, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - S Alghamdi
- Umm Al-Qura University, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Laboratory Medicine Department, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Almehmadi
- Taif University, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Ali
- University of Malakand, Department of Chemistry, Chakdara, Dir (L), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - A Ullah
- Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal, Department of Pharmacy, Dir (Upper), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - H Hussain
- Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal, Department of Pharmacy, Dir (Upper), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - N M Khan
- Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal, Department of Agriculture, Dir (Upper), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - F Ali
- Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal, Department of Chemistry, Dir (Upper), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - M Ahmad
- University of Malakand, Department of Chemistry, Chakdara, Dir (L), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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Almehmadi M, Hammad A, Heyworth S, Moberly J, Middleton D, Hopkins MJ, Hart IJ, Christmas SE. CD56+ T cells are increased in kidney transplant patients following cytomegalovirus infection. Transpl Infect Dis 2015; 17:518-26. [PMID: 26039898 DOI: 10.1111/tid.12405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD56+ T cells previously have been identified as potentially cytotoxic lymphocytes, and relative numbers are increased in some infectious diseases. PATIENTS AND METHODS Relative proportions of CD56+ T cells were measured by flow cytometry in groups of renal transplant patients differing in cytomegalovirus (CMV) status of donor (D) and recipient (R). These measurements were related to episodes of CMV viremia. RESULTS Patient groups in which recipients (R+) or donors (D+/R-) were CMV+ had significantly higher proportions of CD56+ T cells (5.11 ± 0.69% and 5.42 ± 1.01%, respectively) than the D-/R- group (1.9 ± 0.35%; P = 0.0018 and 0.017, respectively). In the high-risk D+/R- group, it was found that patients who had post-transplant CMV viremia had higher levels than those who remained CMV negative (9.09 ± 2.34% vs. 3.16 ± 1.22%; P = 0.01). CD56+ T cells from R+ and D+/R- groups had higher proportions of both CD4+ and CD8+ cells than the D-/R- group. When activation markers were examined, some CD56+ T cells from both CMV+ groups had a TEM phenotype, with significantly more expressing CD45RO and NKG2C, and less expressing CD28, CD62L, CD127, and CD161 compared to the D-/R- group. Some CD56+ T cells showed specificity for CMV antigens and similar proportions of CD8+ cells were positive for class I HLA-CMV tetramers containing immunodominant CMV peptides compared to the majority CD56- T cells. CONCLUSION The results show significant increases in proportions of CD56+ T cells in relation to CMV infection in renal transplant patients and suggest that these cells have a cytotoxic function against CMV-infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Almehmadi
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology & Immunology, Institute of Infection & Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Applied Medical Sciences College Al-hada, Taif University, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - A Hammad
- Transplant Unit, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - S Heyworth
- Transplant Unit, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - J Moberly
- Transplant Unit, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - D Middleton
- Transplant Immunology, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - M J Hopkins
- Liverpool Specialist Virology Centre, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - I J Hart
- Liverpool Specialist Virology Centre, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - S E Christmas
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology & Immunology, Institute of Infection & Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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