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Abstract
Influenza viruses infect the upper respiratory system, causing usually a self-limited disease with mild respiratory symptoms. Acute lung injury, pulmonary microvascular leakage and cardiovascular collapse may occur in severe cases, usually in the elderly or in immunocompromised patients. Acute lung injury is a syndrome associated with pulmonary oedema, hypoxaemia and respiratory failure. Influenza virus primarily binds to the epithelium, interfering with the epithelial sodium channel function. However, the main clinical devastating effects are caused by endothelial dysfunction, thought to be the main mechanism leading to pulmonary oedema, respiratory failure and cardiovascular collapse. A significant association was found between influenza infection and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The incidence of admission due to AMI during an acute viral infection was six times as high during the 7 days after laboratory confirmation of influenza infection as during the control interval (10-fold in influenza B, 5-fold in influenza A, 3.5-fold in respiratory syncytial virus and 2.7-fold for all other viruses). Our review will focus on the mechanisms responsible for endothelial dysfunction during influenza infection leading to cardiovascular collapse and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Peretz
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, Tiberias, Israel
- The Research Institute, Baruch Padeh Medical Center
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine
| | - M Azrad
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, Tiberias, Israel
- The Research Institute, Baruch Padeh Medical Center
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine
| | - A Blum
- The Research Institute, Baruch Padeh Medical Center
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine
- Vascular and Regenerative Research Laboratory, Bar-Ilan University, Galilee, Safed, Israel
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Demark-Wahnefried W, Rais-Bahrami S, Desmond RA, Gordetsky JB, Azrad M, Frugé AD, Yang ES, Norian LA, Grizzle WE. Reply to "Phase II prospective randomized trial of weight loss prior to radical prostatectomy". Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2018; 21:293-294. [PMID: 29686416 PMCID: PMC6026114 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-018-0038-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W Demark-Wahnefried
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, USA. .,UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - S Rais-Bahrami
- UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Department of Urology, UAB, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Department of Radiology, UAB, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - R A Desmond
- UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Department of Preventive Medicine, UAB, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - J B Gordetsky
- UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Department of Urology, UAB, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Department of Pathology, Division of Anatomic Pathology, UAB, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - M Azrad
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - A D Frugé
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - E S Yang
- UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, UAB, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - L A Norian
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, USA.,UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - W E Grizzle
- UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Department of Pathology, Division of Anatomic Pathology, UAB, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Demark-Wahnefried W, Rogers L, Fruge A, Grizzle W, Tsuruta Y, Azrad M, Oelschlager D, Oster R, Krontiras H. Abstract P5-15-03: Withdrawn. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs17-p5-15-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This abstract was withdrawn by the authors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L Rogers
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - A Fruge
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - W Grizzle
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Y Tsuruta
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - M Azrad
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | | | - R Oster
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - H Krontiras
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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Azrad M, Vollmer RT, Madden J, Polascik TJ, Snyder DC, Ruffin MT, Moul JW, Brenner D, He X, Demark-Wahnefried W. Disparate results between proliferation rates of surgically excised prostate tumors and an in vitro bioassay using sera from a positive randomized controlled trial. Biotech Histochem 2014; 90:184-9. [PMID: 25434394 DOI: 10.3109/10520295.2014.976840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro bioassay has been used extensively to test the effects of culturing cancer cells in sera from humans participating in dietary interventions, i.e, studies of modified intake of nutrients for the purpose of reducing cancer risk or progression. It has been hypothesized that cell proliferation rates determined by the in vitro bioassay indicate whether modification of dietary intake could decrease cancer cell growth in vivo. It has been suggested, however, that the in vitro bioassay may not correlate with tumor cell proliferation rates in prostate cancer. We investigated the concordance of cell proliferation rates from surgically excised prostate tumor tissue with the in vitro bioassay using sera from matched patients. We used samples from an earlier randomized clinical trial that showed that supplementation with flaxseed significantly inhibited prostate cancer cell proliferation rates in vivo as indicated by Ki67 staining in tumor specimens. Proliferation rates of LNCaP, DU145 and PC3 cell lines cultured in 10% human sera from participants in the flaxseed trial were determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Spearman's Rho correlation coefficients (ρ) indicated no association between Ki67 staining in prostate tumors and the in vitro bioassay for the three cell lines. These disparate findings suggest that the in vitro bioassay may not provide an accurate assessment of the environment in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Azrad
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Nutrition Sciences , Birmingham, Alabama
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