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Kiekens G, Hasking P, Claes L, Boyes M, Mortier P, Auerbach R, Cuijpers P, Demyttenaere K, Green J, Kessler R, Myin-Germeys I, Nock M, Bruffaerts R. Predicting the incidence of non-suicidal self-injury in college students. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 59:44-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBackground:Despite increased awareness that non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) poses a significant public health concern on college campuses worldwide, few studies have prospectively investigated the incidence of NSSI in college and considered targeting college entrants at high risk for onset of NSSI.Methods:Using data from the Leuven College Surveys (n = 4,565; 56.8%female, Mage = 18.3, SD = 1.1), students provided data on NSSI, sociodemographics, traumatic experiences, stressful events, perceived social support, and mental disorders. A total of 2,163 baseline responders provided data at a two-year annual follow-up assessment (63.2% conditional response rate).Results:One-year incidence of first onset NSSI was 10.3% in year 1 and 6.0% in year 2, with a total of 8.6% reporting sporadic NSSI (1–4 times per year) and 7.0% reporting repetitive NSSI (≥ 5 times per year) during the first two years of college. Many hypothesized proximal and distal risk factors were associated with the subsequent onset of NSSI (ORs = 1.5–18.2). Dating violence prior to age 17 and severe role impairment in daily life were the strongest predictors. Multivariate prediction suggests that an intervention focused on the 10% at highest risk would reach 23.9% of students who report sporadic, and 36.1% of students who report repetitive NSSI during college (cross-validated AUCs =.70–.75).Discussion:The college period carries high risk for the onset of NSSI. Individualized web-based screening may be a promising approach for detecting young adults at high risk for self-injury and offering timely intervention.
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Slabbert A, Hasking P, Boyes M. Riding the emotional roller coaster: The role of distress tolerance in non-suicidal self-injury. Psychiatry Res 2018; 269:309-315. [PMID: 30172188 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) is the deliberate damage to one's bodily tissue without suicidal intent. The Emotional Cascade Model proposes NSSI functions as a distraction from 'cascades' of intense affect and rumination. Low distress tolerance is one factor thought to potentially amplify these cascades but has yet to be empirically tested. Using the Emotional Cascade Model as a framework, we investigated the moderating roles of rumination and distress tolerance in the relationship between affect intensity and NSSI. A sample of 400 university students between the ages of 17 and 62 years (M = 21.02, SD = 5.32) completed well-validated measures of NSSI, affect intensity, rumination, and distress tolerance. As expected, rumination was associated with history of NSSI but only among individuals who reported high levels of distress tolerance. Further, affect intensity was positively associated with NSSI frequency, but only at low levels of rumination and distress tolerance. These results provide promising insight into potential prevention and intervention initiatives that may target rumination and distress tolerance to reduce the likelihood and frequency of self-injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Slabbert
- School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - P Hasking
- School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
| | - M Boyes
- School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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Kiekens G, Hasking P, Boyes M, Claes L, Mortier P, Auerbach RP, Cuijpers P, Demyttenaere K, Green JG, Kessler RC, Myin-Germeys I, Nock MK, Bruffaerts R. The associations between non-suicidal self-injury and first onset suicidal thoughts and behaviors. J Affect Disord 2018; 239:171-179. [PMID: 30014957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Theoretical and empirical literature suggests that non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is an important correlate of suicide risk. The present study was designed to evaluate: (a) whether NSSI is associated with increased odds of subsequent onsets of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB) independent of common mental disorders, (b) whether NSSI is associated with increased risk of transitioning from suicide ideation to attempt, and (c) which NSSI characteristics are associated with STB after NSSI. METHOD Using discrete-time survival models, based on retrospective age of onset reports from college students (n = 6,393, 56.8% female), we examined associations of temporally prior NSSI with subsequent STB (i.e., suicide ideation, plan, and attempt) controlling mental disorders (i.e., MDD, Broad Mania, GAD, Panic Disorder, and risk for Alcohol Dependence). NSSI characteristics associated with subsequent STB were examined using logistic regressions. RESULTS NSSI was associated with increased odds of subsequent suicide ideation (OR = 2.8), plan (OR = 3.0), and attempt (OR = 5.5) in models that controlled for the distribution of mental disorders. Further analyses revealed that NSSI was associated with increased risk of transitioning to a plan among those with ideation, as well as attempt among those with a plan (ORs = 1.7-2.1). Several NSSI characteristics (e.g., automatic positive reinforcement, earlier onset NSSI) were associated with increased odds of experiencing STB. LIMITATIONS Surveys relied on self-report, and thus, there is the potential for recall bias. CONCLUSIONS This study provides support for the conceptualization of NSSI as a risk factor for STB. Investigation of the underlying pathways accounting for these time-ordered associations is an important avenue for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kiekens
- Center for Public Health Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
| | - P Hasking
- School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - M Boyes
- School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - L Claes
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - P Mortier
- Center for Public Health Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - R P Auerbach
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - P Cuijpers
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K Demyttenaere
- Center for Public Health Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - J G Green
- School of Education, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R C Kessler
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - I Myin-Germeys
- Department of Neurosciences, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M K Nock
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - R Bruffaerts
- Center for Public Health Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institute for Social Research, Population Studies Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Ratner D, Abela R, Amann J, Behrens C, Bohler D, Bouchard G, Bostedt C, Boyes M, Chow K, Cocco D, Decker FJ, Ding Y, Eckman C, Emma P, Fairley D, Feng Y, Field C, Flechsig U, Gassner G, Hastings J, Heimann P, Huang Z, Kelez N, Krzywinski J, Loos H, Lutman A, Marinelli A, Marcus G, Maxwell T, Montanez P, Moeller S, Morton D, Nuhn HD, Rodes N, Schlotter W, Serkez S, Stevens T, Turner J, Walz D, Welch J, Wu J. Experimental demonstration of a soft x-ray self-seeded free-electron laser. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 114:054801. [PMID: 25699448 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.054801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The Linac Coherent Light Source has added a self-seeding capability to the soft x-ray range using a grating monochromator system. We report the demonstration of soft x-ray self-seeding with a measured resolving power of 2000-5000, wavelength stability of 10(-4), and an increase in peak brightness by a factor of 2-5 across the photon energy range of 500-1000 eV. By avoiding the need for a monochromator at the experimental station, the self-seeded beam can deliver as much as 50-fold higher brightness to users.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ratner
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
| | - R Abela
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - J Amann
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
| | - C Behrens
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
| | - D Bohler
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
| | - G Bouchard
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
| | - C Bostedt
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
| | - M Boyes
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
| | - K Chow
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D Cocco
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
| | - F J Decker
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
| | - Y Ding
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
| | - C Eckman
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
| | - P Emma
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
| | - D Fairley
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
| | - Y Feng
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
| | - C Field
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
| | - U Flechsig
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - G Gassner
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
| | - J Hastings
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
| | - P Heimann
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
| | - Z Huang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
| | - N Kelez
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
| | - J Krzywinski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
| | - H Loos
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
| | - A Lutman
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
| | - A Marinelli
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
| | - G Marcus
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
| | - T Maxwell
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
| | - P Montanez
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
| | - S Moeller
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
| | - D Morton
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
| | - H D Nuhn
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
| | - N Rodes
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - W Schlotter
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
| | - S Serkez
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - T Stevens
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J Turner
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
| | - D Walz
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
| | - J Welch
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
| | - J Wu
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
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