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Bisso-Machado R, Ramallo V, Paixão-Côrtes VR, Acuña-Alonzo V, Demarchi DA, Sandoval JRS, Granara AAS, Salzano FM, Hünemeier T, Bortolini MC. NAT2 gene diversity and its evolutionary trajectory in the Americas. Pharmacogenomics J 2015; 16:559-565. [DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2015.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hünemeier
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Mazières S, Guitard E, Crubézy E, Dugoujon JM, Bortolini MC, Bonatto SL, Hutz MH, Bois E, Tiouka F, Larrouy G, Salzano FM. Uniparental (mtDNA, Y-chromosome) polymorphisms in French Guiana and two related populations--implications for the region's colonization. Ann Hum Genet 2007; 72:145-56. [PMID: 17725814 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.2007.00392.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Blood samples collected in four Amerindian French Guiana populations (Palikur, Emerillon, Wayampi and Kali'na) in the early 1980s were screened for selected mtDNA and Y-chromosome length polymorphisms, and sequenced for the mtDNA hypervariable segment I (HVS-I). In addition, two other Amerindian populations (Apalaí and Matsiguenga) were examined for the same markers to establish the genetic relationships in the area. Strong dissimilarities were observed in the distribution of the founding Amerindian haplogroups, and significant p-values were obtained from F(ST) genetic distances. Interpopulation similarities occurred mainly due to geography. The Palikur did not show obvious genetic similarity to the Matsiguenga, who speak the same language and live in a region from where they could have migrated to French Guiana. The African-origin admixture observed in the Kali'na probably derives from historical contacts they had with the Bushinengue (Noir Marron), a group of escaped slaves who now lead independent lives in a nearby region. This analysis has identified significant clues about the Amerindian peopling of the North-East Amazonian region.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mazières
- Laboratoire d'Anthropobiologie, FRE 2960 CNRS, Toulouse, France.
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Abstract
A sample of 103 randomly chosen healthy individuals from Alegrete, RS, Brazil, was tested for the CCR5delta32 allele, which is known to influence susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. The CCR5delta32 allele was identified by PCR amplification using specific primers flanking the region of deletion, followed by electrophoresis on a 3% agarose gel. The data obtained were compared to those reported for other populations and interpreted in terms of Brazilian history. The individuals studied came from a highly admixed population. Most of them were identified as white (N = 59), while blacks and browns (mulattoes) were N = 13 and N = 31, respectively. The observed frequencies, considering the white, black and brown samples (6.8, 3.8, and 6.4%, respectively), suggest an important European parental contribution, even in populations identified as black and brown. However, in Brazil as a whole, this allele shows gradients indicating a relatively good correlation with the classification based on skin color and other physical traits, used here to define major Brazilian population groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Vargas
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Mesa NR, Mondragón MC, Soto ID, Parra MV, Duque C, Ortíz-Barrientos D, García LF, Velez ID, Bravo ML, Múnera JG, Bedoya G, Bortolini MC, Ruiz-Linares A. Autosomal, mtDNA, and Y-chromosome diversity in Amerinds: pre- and post-Columbian patterns of gene flow in South America. Am J Hum Genet 2000; 67:1277-86. [PMID: 11032789 PMCID: PMC1288567 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9297(07)62955-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2000] [Accepted: 09/06/2000] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate sex-specific differences in gene flow between Native American populations from South America and between those populations and recent immigrants to the New World, we examined the genetic diversity at uni- and biparental genetic markers of five Native American populations from Colombia and in published surveys from native South Americans. The Colombian populations were typed for five polymorphisms in mtDNA, five restriction sites in the beta-globin gene cluster, the DQA1 gene, and nine autosomal microsatellites. Elsewhere, we published results for seven Y-chromosome microsatellites in the same populations. Autosomal polymorphisms showed a mean G(ST) of 6.8%, in agreement with extensive classical marker studies of South American populations. MtDNA and Y-chromosome markers resulted in G(ST) values of 0.18 and 0.165, respectively. When only Y chromosomes of confirmed Amerind origin were used in the calculations (as defined by the presence of allele T at locus DYS199), G(ST) increased to 0.22. G(ST) values calculated from published data for other South American natives were 0.3 and 0.29 for mtDNA and Amerind Y chromosomes, respectively. The concordance of these estimates does not support an important difference in migration rates between the sexes throughout the history of South Amerinds. Admixture analysis of the Colombian populations suggests an asymmetric pattern of mating involving mostly immigrant men and native women.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Mesa
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Departamento de Fisiología y Bioquímica, Medellín, Colombia
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Da Silva WA, Bortolini MC, Meyer D, Salzano FM, Elion J, Krishnamoorthy R, Schneider MP, De Guerra DC, Layrisse Z, Castellano HM, Weimer TD, Zago MA. Genetic diversity of two African and sixteen South American populations determined on the basis of six hypervariable loci. Am J Phys Anthropol 1999; 109:425-37. [PMID: 10423260 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8644(199908)109:4<425::aid-ajpa1>3.0.co;2-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A total of 582 individuals (1,164 chromosomes) from two African, eight African-derived South American, five South American Amerindian, and three Brazilian urban populations were studied at four variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) and two short tandem repeat (STR) hypervariable loci. These two sets of loci did not show distinct allele profiles, which might be expected if different processes promoted their molecular differentiation. The two African groups showed little difference between them, and their intrapopulational variation was similar to those obtained in the African-derived South American communities. The latter showed different degrees of interpopulation variability, despite the fact that they presented almost identical average degrees of non-African admixture. The F(ST) single locus estimates differed in the five sets of populations, probably due to genetic drift, indicating the need to consider population structure in the evaluation of their total variability. A high interpopulational diversity was found among Amerindian populations in relation to Brazilian African-derived isolated communities. This is probably a consequence of the differences in the patterns of gene flow and genetic drift that each of these semi-isolated groups experienced.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A Da Silva
- Departamento de Genética, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, 66075-900 Belém, PA, Brazil
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Bortolini MC, da Silva-Júnior WA, Weimer TDA, Zago MA, de Guerra DC, Schneider MP, Layrisse Z, Castellano HM, Salzano FM. Protein and hypervariable tandem repeat diversity in eight African-derived South American populations: inferred relationships do not coincide. Hum Biol 1998; 70:443-61. [PMID: 9599938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We compared data from individuals living in 4 African Venezuelan and 4 African Brazilian communities for 11 protein loci (551 subjects) and 8 hypervariable tandem repeat polymorphisms (252 subjects). There is heterogeneity in diversity within and between the two sets of loci. On the other hand, African-derived Brazilians and Venezuelans do not present marked variability differences between themselves. Although the hypervariable loci show gene diversities that are about four times higher than those obtained from the protein data, they are not more discriminative at the interpopulation level (averages 6% and 4%, respectively). Interpopulation differences do not strictly parallel the geographic distances between the groups, and population relationships obtained from the protein data are not the same as those indicated by hypervariable tandem repeat polymorphisms. Caution is needed in establishing relationships considering just one level of the biological hierarchy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Bortolini
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Bortolini MC, Baptista C, Callegari-Jacques SM, Weimer TA, Salzano FM. Diversity in protein, nuclear DNA, and mtDNA in South Amerinds--agreement or discrepancy? Ann Hum Genet 1998; 62:133-45. [PMID: 9759475 DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-1809.1998.6220133.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Two sets of markers and populations were considered in this study: (a) the variability at 17 protein loci and in the sequences of the first hypervariable segment of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were compared in 10 South American Indian tribes, in a total 3016 and 241 individuals, respectively; and (b) a triple comparison was made, in relation to 17 protein, mtDNA and six hypervariable tandem repeat loci in four Brazilian Indian tribes, involving 1567, 56 and 194 persons, respectively. Both the intrapopulational diversities and the population relationships obtained in these groups with these different sets of markers showed no significant correlation. High levels of heterogeneity were observed both at the protein and hypervariable individual loci, as well between mtDNA sites. The different positions observed for the Yanomama (but not for the other nine tribes) in the trees which summarized the protein and mtDNA data suggest some degree of asymmetric interchange related to sex between them and neighbouring tribes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Bortolini
- Genetics Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Bortolini MC, Salzano FM, Zago MA, Da Silva Júnior WA, Weimer TDA. Genetic variability in two Brazilian ethnic groups: a comparison of mitochondrial and protein data. Am J Phys Anthropol 1997; 103:147-56. [PMID: 9209572 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8644(199706)103:2<147::aid-ajpa1>3.0.co;2-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Sequence data from the first hypervariable segment of the mitochondrial DNA control region of 124 subjects belonging to three African-Brazilian and three Brazilian Indian populations were compared with information related to 12 protein genetic loci from 601 persons living in the same localities. There is high diversity among the mtDNA sites, and the most variable in one ethnic group are not the most variable in the other. No differences in gene diversity between populations within ethnic groups were observed, but the Indians showed a reduced variability. Much more interpopulation variation was observed in the mtDNA data than in the protein set. The relationships obtained for the six populations, however, are the same regardless whether mtDNA or protein loci are considered. African-Brazilians from Porto Alegre and Salvador, situated 3,000 km apart, are more similar to each other than both are to Paredão, despite the geographical proximity between Porto Alegre and Paredão, which are just 50 km apart. The tree topology in relation to the three Indians groups, on the other hand, is that expected when languages, culture, and geography are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Bortolini
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Bortolini MC, Zago MA, Salzano FM, Silva-Júnior WA, Bonatto SL, da Silva MC, Weimer TA. Evolutionary and anthropological implications of mitochondrial DNA variation in African Brazilian populations. Hum Biol 1997; 69:141-59. [PMID: 9057341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The genetic diversity in three African Brazilian populations was analyzed using the 360-nucleotide sequences of the first hypervariable segment (HVS-I) of the mitochondrial DNA control region. Results from 42 individuals revealed 39 distinct lineages defined by 54 variable positions. Some of the sequence types were clearly African derived, but apparent Amerindian lineages also occurred. The lineage clusters did not show any association with place of residence of the individuals or with their morphological classification. Nucleotide diversity, however, seemed to be associated with degree of admixture. The mismatch distribution suggests a major human population expansion 60,000 years ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Bortolini
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Bortolini MC, Weimer TDA, Salzano FM, Callegari-Jacques SM, Schneider H, Layrisse Z, Bonatto SL. Evolutionary relationships between black South American and African populations. Hum Biol 1995; 67:547-59. [PMID: 7649530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Data related to ten protein genetic loci expressed in blood obtained from four South American black populations were compared with data from seven African countries. Estimates of admixture among South American blacks were revised, and several indexes of gene diversity and genetic distances between the 11 populations were calculated. The admixture values and genetic relationships observed among the South American black communities conform well with those expected on historical grounds, and they show only moderate reductions in genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Bortolini
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Bortolini MC, Weimer TA, Franco MH, Salzano FM, Layrisse Z, Schneider H, Schneider MP, Harada ML. Genetic studies in three South American black populations. Gene Geogr 1992; 6:1-16. [PMID: 1299309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-one genetic systems were investigated in three relatively isolated South American Black populations. Unexpected allele frequencies were found in different systems in all populations, suggesting the occurrence of genetic drift and/or founder effects. The estimates of racial admixture indicate 50% to 79% of Black ancestry, with various degrees of White (18%-28%) and Amerindian (3%-32%) ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Bortolini
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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