Current status and application of lactic acid bacteria in animal production systems with a focus on bacteria from honey bee colonies

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are widely distributed in nature and, due to their beneficial effects on the host, are used as probiotics. This review describes the applications of LAB in animal production systems such as beekeeping, poultry, swine and bovine production, particularly as probiotics used to improve health, enhance growth and reproductive performance. Given the importance of honeybees in nature and the beekeeping industry as a producer of healthy food worldwide, the focus of this review is on the coexistence of LAB with honeybees, their food and environment. The main LAB species isolated from the beehive and their potential technological use are described. Evidence is provided that 43 LAB bacteria species have been isolated from beehives, of which 20 showed inhibition against 28 species of human and animal pathogens, some of which are resistant to antibiotics. Additionally, the presence of LAB in the beehive and their relationship with antibacterial properties of honey and pollen is discussed. Finally, we describe the use of lactic bacteria from bee colonies and their antimicrobial effect against foodborne pathogens and human health. This review broadens knowledge by highlighting the importance of honeybee colonies as suppliers of LAB and functional food.

The "gregorio marañon" hospital experience in the treatment of laryngeal carcinoma

A retrospective analysis has been carried out of 4100 patients with pharyngolaryngeal carcinoma who were seen at the Hospital Gregorio Marañon between 1962 and 1993. 1287 patients were excluded from this study, leaving 2813 patients available for analysis. The great majority of the 2813 pharyngolaryngeal carcinomas were primary laryngeal tumours (2519). These are the subject of our study.We present our theoretic protocol for treatment of laryngeal carcinoma, both glottic and supraglottic, with special attention to the partial surgery. Our oncological and functional results are presented and discussed.

[Cartilaginous tumors of the cricoid: imaging diagnosis. A case report]

Cartilaginous tumors of the larynx are rare; although chondromas are the most frequent of these tumors. Laryngeal chondrosarcomas are even rarer, in spite of this being the most frequent histological variety of sarcoma (less than 1% of all malignant laryngeal tumors). These tumors are slow-growing, locally aggressive, and tend to recur. They are less aggressive in the larynx than in other sites: cervical or distant metastases are rare (8.5%) and recurrences often can be controlled. The most common presenting symptom is hoarseness with normal indirect laryngoscopy. The complementary studies of choice are computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The role of these imaging techniques in the study of laryngeal chondroma and chondrosarcoma was examined. These sporadic tumors may be overlooked, although early identification is necessary for effective treatment.

[Conservative surgery for supraglottic carcinoma. Surgical technique. Oncologic and functional results]

We present the results of a retrospective study of 817 patients treated with conservative surgery for carcinomas of the supraglottic larynx at ENT department of the Gregorio Maranón Hospital between 1962-1993. The disease was staged using the criteria set forth in 1988 by the AJCC, and 36,2% were stages III and IV. From the 817 patients treated with conservative surgery 230 were extended supraglottic laryngectomies. Our theoretic treatment protocol is presented. The 5 years actuarial uncorrected survival rate related to stage was 83,9%, 83,2%, 78,5% and 55,3% for stages I, II, III and IV respectively. Local-regional failure occurred in 32,9% patients overall, and the most common site for local-regional failure was the cervical nodes. The 5 years local control rate related to stage was 86,97%, 89,1%, 82,15% and 66,55% for stages I, II, III and IV respectively. In extended supraglottic laryngectomies the 5 years uncorrected survival rate was 62,6% in supraglottic laryngectomies (SL) extended to the base of the tongue, 62,5% in SL extended to the hypopharynx, 72,5% in SL extended to the arythenoyd and 79,4% in SL extended to the vocal chord. The 5 years local control rate was 87% in SL extended to the base of the tongue, 85,7% in SL extended to the hypopharynx, 97% in SL extended to the arythenoid and 90,8% in SL extended to the vocal chord. Functional results have been evaluated according to a three grade scale. Good and fair results were 97.6% for swallowing, 90% for respiration and 95.8% for the quality of voice.

[Laryngeal vertical partial surgery. Surgical techniques. Oncological and functional results]

We present the results of a retrospective study of 467 patients treated with conservative surgery for glottic carcinomas at the ENT department of the "Gregorio Maranon" Hospital between 1962-1993. The disease was staged using the criteria set forth in 1988 by the AJCC, and 27.7% patients were intermediate to advanced stages. Our theoretic treatment protocol is presented. The 5 years uncorrected actuarial survival related to stage was 85.6%, 71.4% and 71% for stages I, II and III respectively. In stages I and II local failure occurred in 22.4% when patients were treated by laryngofisure and 10.8% when treated with hemilaryngectomy. The 5 years local control related to stage was 92.6%, 81.72% and 73.24% for stages I, II and III respectively. In stages I and II the 5 years survival with voice was 75.2% when the patients were treated with radiotherapy and 84.9% when treated with partial laryngectomy. Functional results have been evaluated according to a three grade scale. Good and fair results were 91.1% for the quality of voice, 99.7% for swallowing and 97.6% for respiration.

[Partial vertical surgery in the treatment of glottic carcinoma. Our experience in the course of 30 years]

Conversation surgery for glottic carcinoma has two goals: preserving normal laryngeal function and achieving a rate of local control similar to total laryngectomy. A retrospective study was made of the medical charts of 424 patients diagnosed as glottic carcinoma and treated with conservative surgical procedures at the Gregorio Marañón en University of Hospital of Madrid, Spain, between 1962 and 1991. Our treatment protocol for patients with early or intermediate-stage glottic carcinoma is presented.

[Conservation surgery for supraglottic carcinoma. Oncological and functional results]

Conservative surgical treatment of carcinomas limited to the supraglottic larynx has been shown to be an oncologically and functionally effective therapeutic approach. A retrospective study was made of the medical records of 792 patients who underwent conservative surgery for supraglottic laryngeal carcinoma at the Gregorio Marañón University Hospital of Madrid, Spain, in 1962-1991. Our theoretical protocol for treating supraglottic tumors is presented. The oncological results (survival, local control, recurrences) and functional results (breathing, swallowing, voice quality) were analyzed.

[Prophylactic antibiotic therapy with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid in oropharyngeal surgery]

The present paper shows the results of a randomized, prospective trial carried out on 170 patients undergoing elective surgery for oropharyngeal cancer. These patients were distributed in two groups that received a prophylactic therapy with amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, for 24 hours and 5 days, respectively. Comparing results of short-term and long-term prophylaxis. Among patients undergoing only total or partial laryngectomies, no differences between both groups were found. Among patients who already had a tracheostomy, the rate of local infection was higher in the short-time group. Duration of prophylaxis in high-risk surgery, such as that requiring flap reconstruction, needs further investigation.