1
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Moreno V, Lin J, Tan D, Lassen U, Leyvraz S, Liu Y, Patel J, Rosen L, Solomon B, Rudolph M, Norenberg R, Schulz A, Fellous M, Brega N, Shen L, Kummar S, Drilon A. 61P Updated efficacy and ctDNA analysis of patients with TRK fusion lung cancer treated with larotrectinib. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.02.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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2
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Laetsch T, van Tilburg C, Kummar S, Dowlati A, Guiver K, Fellous M, Brega N, De La Cuesta E, Shurshalina A, Drilon A, Hong D. 536P Incidence of fractures in TRK fusion cancer patients treated with larotrectinib. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.1058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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3
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Italiano A, Hong D, Briggs A, Garcia-Foncillas J, Lassen U, Vassal G, Kummar S, van Tilburg C, Keating K, Reeves J, Fellous M, Nogai H, Laetsch T, Drilon A. 542P Growth modulation index (GMI) of larotrectinib versus prior systemic treatments for TRK fusion cancer patients. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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4
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Leyvraz S, Yang JH, Casali P, Castro G, Kim E, Lassen U, Lopez-Rios F, Penault-Llorca F, Pappo A, Rudzinski E, Tabatabai G, Vassal G, Reeves J, Nogai H, Fellous M, Drilon A, Brose M, Trent J. 604TiP ON-TRK: A non-interventional study of larotrectinib in patients with TRK fusion cancer. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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5
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Jiao X, Lokker A, Snider J, Castellanos E, Nanda S, Fisher V, Zong J, Keating K, Fellous M. Co-occurrence of NTRK fusions with other genomic biomarkers in cancer patients. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz239.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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6
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Italiano A, Nanda S, Keating K, Childs B, Fellous M, Drilon A, Hyman D. Growth modulation index (GMI) as a comparative measure of clinical activity of larotrectinib versus prior systemic treatments in adult and pediatric TRK fusion cancer patients. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz244.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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7
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Fellous M, Gerbal A, Tessier C, Frezal J, Dausset J, Salmon C. Studies on the Biosynthetic Pathway of Human P Erythrocyte
Antigens Using Somatic Cells in Culture. Vox Sang 2017. [DOI: 10.1159/000467799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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8
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Laissue P, Lakhal B, Vatin M, Batista F, Burgio G, Dos Santos E, Buffat C, Sierra-Diaz A, Renault G, Montagutelli X, Salmon J, Monget P, Veitia R, Méhats C, Fellous M, Cocquet J, Vaiman D, Gris JC. P-015: Association of FOXD1 variants with pregnancy failures in mice and humans. Thromb Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(17)30113-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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9
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Fauchereau F, Shalev S, Chervinsky E, Beck-Fruchter R, Legois B, Fellous M, Caburet S, Veitia RA. A non-sense MCM9 mutation in a familial case of primary ovarian insufficiency. Clin Genet 2016; 89:603-7. [PMID: 26771056 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) results in an early loss of ovarian function, and remains idiopathic in about 80% of cases. Here, we have performed a complete genetic study of a consanguineous family with two POI cases. Linkage analysis and homozygosity mapping identified 12 homozygous regions with linkage, totalling 84 Mb. Whole-exome sequencing of the two patients and a non-affected sister allowed us to detect a homozygous causal variant in the MCM9 gene. The variant c.1483G>T [p.E495*], confirmed using Sanger sequencing, introduced a premature stop codon in coding exon 8 and is expected to lead to the loss of a functional protein. MCM9 belongs to a complex required for DNA repair by homologous recombination, and its impairment in mouse is known to induce meiotic recombination defects and oocyte degeneration. A previous study recently described two consanguineous families in which homozygous mutations of MCM9 were responsible for POI and short stature. Interestingly, the affected sisters in the family described here had a normal height. Altogether, our results provide the confirmation of the implication of MCM9 variants in POI and expand their phenotypic spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Fauchereau
- Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France.,Department of Biology, Université Paris Diderot-Paris VII, Paris Cedex, France
| | - S Shalev
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel.,Genetic Institute, Haemek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - E Chervinsky
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel.,Genetic Institute, Haemek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | | | - B Legois
- Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France.,Department of Biology, Université Paris Diderot-Paris VII, Paris Cedex, France
| | - M Fellous
- Department of Genetics and Development, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Faculty of Medicine, Université Paris Descartes-Paris V, Paris, France
| | - S Caburet
- Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France.,Department of Biology, Université Paris Diderot-Paris VII, Paris Cedex, France
| | - R A Veitia
- Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France.,Department of Biology, Université Paris Diderot-Paris VII, Paris Cedex, France
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- F Rosa
- Unitié d'Immunogénétique Humaine, Institute Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roix, 75724 Pans Cedex 15, France
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11
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Serre JL, Leutenegger AL, Bernheim A, Fellous M, Rouen A, Kunstmann JM, Hyon C, Siffroi JP. [Anonymous sperm donation does not increase the risk for unions between relatives nor the incidence of autosomal recessive diseases due to consanguinity]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 42:200-4. [PMID: 24679600 DOI: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J-L Serre
- UPRES EA 2493 « Pathologie cellulaire & Génétique, de la conception à la naissance », université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, UFR des sciences médicales, bâtiment Simone-Veil, bureau 231, 2, avenue de la source-de-la-Bièvre, 78180 Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France; SFGH (Société française de génétique humaine), 75015 Paris, France.
| | - A-L Leutenegger
- Inserm, UMR946, 75015 Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, 75015 Paris, France
| | - A Bernheim
- SFGH (Société française de génétique humaine), 75015 Paris, France; Inserm U985, institut Gustave-Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - M Fellous
- SFGH (Société française de génétique humaine), 75015 Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, 75015 Paris, France
| | - A Rouen
- Fédération française des CECOS, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | - C Hyon
- UMR S933 Inserm/université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie (UPMC), 75015 Paris, France
| | - J-P Siffroi
- Fédération française des CECOS, 75015 Paris, France; UMR S933 Inserm/université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie (UPMC), 75015 Paris, France
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12
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Serre JL, Leutenegger AL, Bernheim A, Fellous M, Rouen A, Siffroi JP. Does anonymous sperm donation increase the risk for unions between relatives and the incidence of autosomal recessive diseases due to consanguinity? Hum Reprod 2013; 29:394-9. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/det452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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13
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14
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Tredan O, You B, Beuzeboc P, Coeffic D, Lortholary A, Fellous M, La Motte De Rouge T, Andre F, Arnould L, Ferrero J. Characteristics of Patients With HER2-Positive Metastatic (MBC) or Locally Advanced Breast Cancer (ABC), Treated With Trastuzumab (T) as 1st Line-Therapy and Progression-Free for at Least 3 Years: Interim Analysis of the Lorha Study. Ann Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0923-7534(20)32907-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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15
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Siffroi JP, Le Bourhis C, Krausz C, Dadoune JP, Fellous M. Infertilité masculine : des anomalies moléculaires aux possibilités thérapeutiques. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4267/10608/1648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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David BE, Weitzman GA, Hervé C, Fellous M. Genetic counseling for the orthodox jewish couple undergoing preimplantation genetic diagnosis. J Genet Couns 2012; 21:625-30. [PMID: 22532276 DOI: 10.1007/s10897-012-9502-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Orthodox Jewish patients who seek genetic counseling are often placed in a difficult position of having to choose between their desire to follow Jewish religious instruction (halacha) and following the advice of the genetic counselor. In this article we will present the work of the Puah Institute based in Jerusalem that is dedicated to assisting and guiding such couples to navigate through the medical system and medical recommendations and create a harmony between modern genetic counseling and the Orthodox Jewish tradition. In light of the expanding use of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) for a variety of medical and non-medical conditions, this dilemma is even more poignant. There is an ethical debate regarding PGD and the correct parameters for its use. Here we present the Orthodox Jewish view of the use and abuse of PGD. We present three case studies that sought the assistance and guidance of the Puah Institute. Each of these cases raises ethical dilemmas for the genetic counselor and for the rabbinic counselor. We discuss; the status of the embryo, the status of a carrier of a genetic abnormality and whether PGD is an obligation or good practice. In addition we deal with whether PGD and the search for the desired traits can be defined as eugenics or not.
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Affiliation(s)
- B E David
- Laboratoire d'éthique médicale et de médecine légale, Université Paris Descartes, France.
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17
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Jaubert F, Galmiche L, Lortat-Jacob S, Fournet JC, Fellous M. Foxl-2 in gonad development and pathology. Arkh Patol 2011; 73:10-13. [PMID: 22164424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The Foxl-2 gene is involved in eyelid and ovary development. Mutations can lead to a shortened protein and malformations such as BPES associated or not to POF. Forkhead point mutation C134W is a marker of adult type granulosa cell tumors only. Foxl-2 dysregulation is also present in DSD and DSD associated tumors such as Gonadoblastoma and gonadoblastoma like intratubular undetermined germ cell neoplasia. A similar spectrum of pathology involvement is also found for WT1 and RET and gives a new insight into the relationship between development, malformations and oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Jaubert
- Faculte de medicine, Universite Descartes, Paris V, France
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18
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Woodburn K, Holmes C, Fong KL, Sloneker S, Strzemienski P, Solon E, Ryckelynck JP, Lang P, Bataille P, Choukroun G, Esnault V, Knebelman B, Laville M, Fellous M, Legrand E, Portoles J, Vega NJ, Fernandez-Fresnedo G, Perez A, Bea S, Camba MJ, Leistikow F, Heidenreich S, Cases A, Portoles J, Calls J, Martinez Castelao A, Sanchez-Guisande D, Espinel E, Carreno A, Campistol JM, Arias M, Morales JM, Pallardo L, Franco A, Shestakova M, Heidenreich S, Tsubakihara Y, Bessho M, Suzuki M, Correa-Rotter R, Niihata K, Tomosugi N, Uehata T, Shoji T, Sonoda M, Kawabata H, Sakaguchi Y, Suzuki A, Okada N, Tsubakihara Y, Kuragano T, Shimonaka Y, Kida A, Kitamura R, Furuta M, Yahiro M, Otaki Y, Nisihara F, Nonoguchi H, Nakanishi T, Mircescu G, Stancu S, Stanciu A, Viasu L, Capusa C, Petrescu L, Zugravu A, Aydin Z, Gursu M, Uzun S, Karadag S, Tatli E, Sumnu A, Doventas Y, Koldas M, Ozturk S, Kazancioglu R, Malyszko Y, Levin-Iaina N, Malyszko J, Kozminski P, Koc-Zorawska E, Mysliwiec M, Hara M, Ando M, Tsuchiya K, Nitta K, Mirescu G, Deray G, Garneata L, Goldsmith D, Gorriz Teruel JL, Martin PY, Mitchell D, Mori C, Schafer R, Guerin A, Addison J, Bridges I, Di Giulio S, Farouk M, Winearls C, Kiss I, Claes K, Galle J, Costa E, Rocha-Pereira P, Sameiro-Faria M, Miranda V, Afonso C, Belo L, Marinho C, Bicho M, Santos-Silva A, Kim HW, Jang EH, Mercadal L, Metzger M, Casadevall N, Haymann JP, Boffa JJ, Flamant M, Vrtovsnik F, Stengel B, Froissart M, Ode M, Roth K, Locatelli F, Horl WH. Anaemia in CKD 1-5. Clin Kidney J 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/ndtplus/4.s2.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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19
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Tourani J, Ray-Coquard I, Facon T, Haïoun C, Mathoulin-Pelissier S, Ollivier C, Rouanet S, Fellous M, Malek K, Audhuy B. 5059 Epoetin beta therapy in anaemic breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy: results of a subgroup from a large prospective cohort study. EJC Suppl 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(09)70951-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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20
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Laissue P, Lakhal B, Benayoun BA, Dipietromaria A, Braham R, Elghezal H, Philibert P, Saad A, Sultan C, Fellous M, Veitia RA. Functional evidence implicating FOXL2 in non-syndromic premature ovarian failure and in the regulation of the transcription factor OSR2. J Med Genet 2009; 46:455-7. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2008.065086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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21
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Kalfa N, Philibert P, Patte C, Thibaud E, Pienkowski C, Ecochard A, Boizet-Bonhoure B, Fellous M, Sultan C. [Juvenile granulosa-cell tumor: clinical and molecular expression]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 37:33-44. [PMID: 19119048 DOI: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2008.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2008] [Accepted: 06/23/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors are rare tumors that originate from the nongerminal cells of ovary. Two decades ago, the identification of juvenile granulosa-cell tumors (GCT), as a specific entity inside this group, allowed a better treatment of these tumors in children. However, little data have been reported on the natural course of the disease and reliable prognostic factors have not been yet defined. We here review the clinical and genetics aspects of granulosa tumors, based on a series of 40 children. This national collaborative study involved the French Society of Children Cancer and eight clinical departments of pediatric endocrinology. We found that early diagnosis of a tumor, revealed by clinical signs of hyperoestrogeny, is an important prognostic factor. The pathophysiology of these tumors is still debatable and several cellular- and molecular-abnormal signals could be implicated in their development. The role of growth factors and oncogenes through the signaling pathway of MAP kinase is still discussed. According to our data, FSH signaling-transduction pathway, such as a constitutionally activated Galphas, could also be implicated in the induction of granulosa cell proliferation and seems to modulate the invasiveness of the tumor. Last, we have described a low-expression pattern or an extinction of an ovarian-determination gene, FOXL2, which is related to a worse prognosis of this tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kalfa
- Service d'hormonologie, hôpital Lapeyronie, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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22
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Lakhal B, Laissue P, Elghèzal H, Fellous M. [Genetic analysis of premature ovarian failure: role of forkhead and TGF-beta genes]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 36:862-71. [PMID: 18692424 DOI: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2008.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2008] [Accepted: 07/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Premature ovarian failure is a common pathology affecting 1% of women. Although multiple etiologies have been described the majority of cases are idiopathic. Forkhead transcription factors as FOXL2 and FOXO3A are of particular interest in the research of genetic factors related with the pathology as they are present in diverse developmental pathways and ovarian physiology. Similarly, some TGF-beta factors (i.e. BMP 15 and GDF-9) have been demonstrated to play a key role in the regulation, at ovarian level, of female reproduction. In recent years numerous studies have been performed in order to elucidate the implication of these factors in the ovarian physiopathology. The aim of this manuscript is to describe some of these advances in the context of premature ovarian failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lakhal
- Laboratoire de cytogénétique et de biologie de la reproduction, CHU Farhat-Hached, 4000 Sousse, Tunisie
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23
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Moumné L, Batista F, Benayoun BA, Nallathambi J, Fellous M, Sundaresan P, Veitia RA. The mutations and potential targets of the forkhead transcription factor FOXL2. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2008; 282:2-11. [PMID: 18155828 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2007.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mutations of FOXL2, a gene encoding a forkhead transcription factor, have been shown to cause the blepharophimosis-ptosis-epicanthus inversus syndrome (BPES). This genetic disorder is characterized by eyelid and mild craniofacial abnormalities that can appear associated with premature ovarian failure. FOXL2 is one of the earliest ovarian markers and it offers, along with its targets, an excellent model to study ovarian development and function in normal and pathological conditions. In this review we summarize recent data concerning FOXL2, its mutations and its potential targets. Indeed, many mutations have been described in the coding sequence of FOXL2. Among them, polyalanine expansions and premature nonsense mutations have been shown to induce protein aggregation. In the context of the ovary, FOXL2 has been suggested to be involved in the regulation of cholesterol and steroid metabolism, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species detoxification and inflammation processes. The elucidation of the impact of FOXL2 mutations on its function will allow a better understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the BPES phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Moumné
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS (UMR 8104), Paris, France
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24
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Hersmus R, Kalfa N, de Leeuw B, Stoop H, Oosterhuis JW, de Krijger R, Wolffenbuttel KP, Drop SLS, Veitia RA, Fellous M, Jaubert F, Looijenga LHJ. FOXL2 and SOX9 as parameters of female and male gonadal differentiation in patients with various forms of disorders of sex development (DSD). J Pathol 2008; 215:31-8. [DOI: 10.1002/path.2335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Capelli C, Redhead N, Romano V, Calì F, Lefranc G, Delague V, Megarbane A, Felice AE, Pascali VL, Neophytou PI, Poulli Z, Novelletto A, Malaspina P, Terrenato L, Berebbi A, Fellous M, Thomas MG, Goldstein DB. Population structure in the Mediterranean basin: a Y chromosome perspective. Ann Hum Genet 2006; 70:207-25. [PMID: 16626331 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2005.00224.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The Mediterranean region has been characterised by a number of pre-historical and historical demographic events whose legacy on the current genetic landscape is still a matter of debate. In order to investigate the degree of population structure across the Mediterranean, we have investigated Y chromosome variation in a large dataset of Mediterranean populations, 11 of which are first described here. Our analyses identify four main clusters in the Mediterranean that can be labelled as North Africa, Arab, Central-East and West Mediterranean. In particular, Near Eastern samples tend to separate according to the presence of Arab Y chromosome lineages, suggesting that the Arab expansion played a major role in shaping the current genetic structuring within the Fertile Crescent.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Capelli
- Department of Biology, University College of London, London, UK.
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Caburet S, Demarez A, Moumné L, Fellous M, De Baere E, Veitia RA. A recurrent polyalanine expansion in the transcription factor FOXL2 induces extensive nuclear and cytoplasmic protein aggregation. J Med Genet 2005; 41:932-6. [PMID: 15591279 PMCID: PMC1735658 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2004.024356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Blepharophimosis syndrome is an autosomal dominant disease characterised by eyelid malformations, associated or not with premature ovarian failure. It is caused by mutations in the FOXL2 gene, which encodes a forkhead transcription factor containing a polyalanine (polyAla) domain of 14 alanines. Expansions of the polyAla tract from 14 to 24 residues account for 30% of the reported mutations and lead mainly to isolated palpebral defects. We have transfected COS-7 cells with DNA constructs driving the expression of the wildtype and mutant FOXL2 proteins fused to the green fluorescent protein. The polyAla expansion was found to induce the formation of intranuclear aggregates and a mislocalisation of the protein due to extensive cytoplasmic aggregation. These findings were confirmed by immunofluorescence. Co-transfection experiments suggest that the wildtype and mutant proteins can co-aggregate. We propose that the mechanism for the molecular pathogenesis of the polyAla expansions of FOXL2 may be its mislocalisation concomitant with its inclusion into nuclear aggregates. This may diminish the pool of active protein. Potential effects of aggregation on cell viability are under study.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Caburet
- INSERM E0021 Génomique fonctionnelle du Développement, Hôpital Cochin, 123 bd du Port Royal, Bâtiment Baudelocque, 75014 Paris, France
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Beysen D, Raes J, Leroy BP, Lucassen A, Yates JRW, Clayton-Smith J, Ilyina H, Brooks SS, Christin-Maitre S, Fellous M, Fryns JP, Kim JR, Lapunzina P, Lemyre E, Meire F, Messiaen LM, Oley C, Splitt M, Thomson J, Van de Peer Y, Veitia RA, De Paepe A, De Baere E. Deletions involving long-range conserved nongenic sequences upstream and downstream of FOXL2 as a novel disease-causing mechanism in blepharophimosis syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 2005; 77:205-18. [PMID: 15962237 PMCID: PMC1224524 DOI: 10.1086/432083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2005] [Accepted: 05/19/2005] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of a gene requires not only a normal coding sequence but also intact regulatory regions, which can be located at large distances from the target genes, as demonstrated for an increasing number of developmental genes. In previous mutation studies of the role of FOXL2 in blepharophimosis syndrome (BPES), we identified intragenic mutations in 70% of our patients. Three translocation breakpoints upstream of FOXL2 in patients with BPES suggested a position effect. Here, we identified novel microdeletions outside of FOXL2 in cases of sporadic and familial BPES. Specifically, four rearrangements, with an overlap of 126 kb, are located 230 kb upstream of FOXL2, telomeric to the reported translocation breakpoints. Moreover, the shortest region of deletion overlap (SRO) contains several conserved nongenic sequences (CNGs) harboring putative transcription-factor binding sites and representing potential long-range cis-regulatory elements. Interestingly, the human region orthologous to the 12-kb sequence deleted in the polled intersex syndrome in goat, which is an animal model for BPES, is contained in this SRO, providing evidence of human-goat conservation of FOXL2 expression and of the mutational mechanism. Surprisingly, in a fifth family with BPES, one rearrangement was found downstream of FOXL2. In addition, we report nine novel rearrangements encompassing FOXL2 that range from partial gene deletions to submicroscopic deletions. Overall, genomic rearrangements encompassing or outside of FOXL2 account for 16% of all molecular defects found in our families with BPES. In summary, this is the first report of extragenic deletions in BPES, providing further evidence of potential long-range cis-regulatory elements regulating FOXL2 expression. It contributes to the enlarging group of developmental diseases caused by defective distant regulation of gene expression. Finally, we demonstrate that CNGs are candidate regions for genomic rearrangements in developmental genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Beysen
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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Jaubert F, Nihoul-Fékété C, Lortat-Jacob S, Josso N, Fellous M. Hermaphroditism pathology. Rom J Morphol Embryol 2005; 45:41-51. [PMID: 15847378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Hermaphroditism is a more general term for the discrepancy between the phenotype and the genotype of sex development than sexual ambiguity, which refers mainly to external genitalia anomalies. Hermaphroditism is studied on an historical and pathogenetical perspective. Short embryological summaries are integrated. The defects of sexual differentiation due to a hormonal deficiency are first studied: androgen insensitivity, steroid 5 alpha-reductase 2 deficiency, defects of testosterone synthesis, persistent mullerian ducts syndrome. Sexual determinism deficiencies come after: Turner syndrome, XX males, pure gonadal dysgenesis, and true hermaphroditism, mixed gonadal dysgenesis, Drash and Frasier syndrome. Tumors of dysgenetic gonads followed. Mixed tumors developed in dysgenetic gonads are gonadoblastoma and dysgerminoma. Sex cord tumors are androgen insensitivity associated tumors, Leydig cells tumors and adrenal cell inclusion tumors. New perspectives open by sex reversion genes are open.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Jaubert
- Department of Cytology and Pathology (UPRES EA 219), Hospital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
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29
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Vialard F, Cocquet J, Christin-Maitre S, Veitia R, Fellous M. The X chromosome and ovarian function. Cytogenet Genome Res 2004; 99:218-23. [PMID: 12900567 DOI: 10.1159/000071596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2003] [Accepted: 02/26/2003] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F Vialard
- Hôpital Poissy Saint Germain, Poissy, France
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30
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Wiederkehr C, Basavaraj R, Sarrauste de Menthière C, Hermida L, Koch R, Schlecht U, Amon A, Brachat S, Breitenbach M, Briza P, Caburet S, Cherry M, Davis R, Deutschbauer A, Dickinson HG, Dumitrescu T, Fellous M, Goldman A, Grootegoed JA, Hawley R, Ishii R, Jégou B, Kaufman RJ, Klein F, Lamb N, Maro B, Nasmyth K, Nicolas A, Orr-Weaver T, Philippsen P, Pineau C, Rabitsch KP, Reinke V, Roest H, Saunders W, Schröder M, Schedl T, Siep M, Villeneuve A, Wolgemuth DJ, Yamamoto M, Zickler D, Esposito RE, Primig M. GermOnline, a cross-species community knowledgebase on germ cell differentiation. Nucleic Acids Res 2004; 32:D560-7. [PMID: 14681481 PMCID: PMC308789 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkh055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
GermOnline provides information and microarray expression data for genes involved in mitosis and meiosis, gamete formation and germ line development across species. The database has been developed, and is being curated and updated, by life scientists in cooperation with bioinformaticists. Information is contributed through an online form using free text, images and the controlled vocabulary developed by the GeneOntology Consortium. Authors provide up to three references in support of their contribution. The database is governed by an international board of scientists to ensure a standardized data format and the highest quality of GermOnline's information content. Release 2.0 provides exclusive access to microarray expression data from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Rattus norvegicus, as well as curated information on approximately 700 genes from various organisms. The locus report pages include links to external databases that contain relevant annotation, microarray expression and proteome data. Conversely, the Saccharomyces Genome Database (SGD), S.cerevisiae GeneDB and Swiss-Prot link to the budding yeast section of GermOnline from their respective locus pages. GermOnline, a fully operational prototype subject-oriented knowledgebase designed for community annotation and array data visualization, is accessible at http://www.germonline.org. The target audience includes researchers who work on mitotic cell division, meiosis, gametogenesis, germ line development, human reproductive health and comparative genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wiederkehr
- Biozentrum and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland
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31
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Cocquet J, De Baere E, Gareil M, Pannetier M, Xia X, Fellous M, Veitia RA. Structure, evolution and expression of the FOXL2 transcription unit. Cytogenet Genome Res 2004; 101:206-11. [PMID: 14684984 DOI: 10.1159/000074338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2003] [Accepted: 07/30/2003] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
FOXL2 is a putative transcription factor involved in ovarian development and function. Its mutations in humans are responsible for the blepharophimosis syndrome, characterized by eyelid malformations and premature ovarian failure (POF). Here we have performed a comparative sequence analysis of FOXL2 sequences of ten vertebrate species. We demonstrate that the entire open reading frame (ORF) is under purifying selection leading to strong protein conservation. We also review recent data on FOXL2 transcript and protein expression. FOXL2 has been shown 1) to be the earliest known sex dimorphic marker of ovarian determination/differentiation in vertebrates, 2) to have, at least in mammals, an ovarian expression persisting until adulthood. The conservation of its sequence and pattern of expression suggests that FOXL2 might be a key factor in the early development of the vertebrate female gonad and involved later in adult ovarian function. Finally, we provide arguments for the existence of an alternative transcript in rodents, that may arise from a differential polyadenylation. Although it has only been demonstrated in rodents, its presence/absence in other species deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cocquet
- INSERM E0021 and U361, Reproduction et Physiopathologie Obstétricale, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
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32
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Primig M, Wiederkehr C, Basavaraj R, Sarrauste de Menthière C, Hermida L, Koch R, Schlecht U, Dickinson HG, Fellous M, Grootegoed JA, Hawley RS, Jégou B, Maro B, Nicolas A, Orr-Weaver T, Schedl T, Villeneuve A, Wolgemuth DJ, Yamamoto M, Zickler D, Lamb N, Esposito RE. GermOnline, a new cross-species community annotation database on germ-line development and gametogenesis. Nat Genet 2004; 35:291-2. [PMID: 14647278 DOI: 10.1038/ng1203-291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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33
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Krausz C, Fellous M. [Chromosome Y and infertility in men]. Ann Endocrinol (Paris) 2003; 64:403-12. [PMID: 15067757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Krausz
- INSERM E0021, hôpital Cochin, Pavillon Baudelocque, 123, bd de Port-Royal, 75014 Paris
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34
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Fellous M, Morel Y, Rappaport R. [Biological and genetic tests for sexual development disorders]. Arch Pediatr 2003; 10 Suppl 1:85s-89s. [PMID: 14509753 DOI: 10.1016/s0929-693x(03)90393-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Fellous
- Inserm U361, pavillon Baudelocque, maternité de Baudelocque, 5e étage, 123, boulevard de Port-Royal, 75014 Paris, France.
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35
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Cocquet J, Pailhoux E, Jaubert F, Servel N, Xia X, Pannetier M, De Baere E, Messiaen L, Cotinot C, Fellous M, Veitia RA. Evolution and expression of FOXL2. J Med Genet 2002; 39:916-21. [PMID: 12471206 PMCID: PMC1757225 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.39.12.916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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36
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Damiani D, Mascolli MA, Almeida MJ, Jaubert F, Fellous M, Dichtchekenian V, Tobo PR, Moreira-Filho CA, Setian N. Persistence of Müllerian remnants in complete androgen insensitivity syndrome. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2002; 15:1553-6. [PMID: 12503865 DOI: 10.1515/jpem.2002.15.9.1553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
One of the unusual findings in androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is the persistence of Mullerian derivatives. Several hypotheses have been advanced to explain such persistence: the coincidental occurrence of mutations affecting the androgen receptor (AR) and the synthesis and/or action of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH); the loss of AMH paracrine action due to early testicular descent; the exposure to drugs such as diethylstilbestrol. We describe a patient with complete AIS for whom surgical and laboratory findings rule out all these hypotheses. She has a missense mutation on the AR gene but no mutations were detected on the genes coding for AMH and AMH receptor. The gonads were found very close to the Mullerian structures (enough to exert a paracrine action), gonadal tissue stained positively for AMH, and yet Mullerian derivatives were present and well developed. These findings indicate the possibility of interactions between the androgen receptor and AMH action.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Damiani
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Instituto da Criança, Hospital das Clinicas, São Paulo University Medical School, Brazil.
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37
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Mandon-Pépin B, Derbois C, Matsuda F, Cotinot C, Wolgemuth DJ, Smith K, McElreavey K, Nicolas A, Fellous M. [Human infertility: meiotic genes as potential candidates]. Gynecol Obstet Fertil 2002; 30:817-21. [PMID: 12478991 DOI: 10.1016/s1297-9589(02)00444-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Up to now, the identification of gene mutations causing infertility in humans remains poorly investigated. Temporal progression through meiosis and meiosis specific genes had been extensively characterized in yeast. Recently some mammalian homologous were found. The molecular mechanisms regulating entry into and progression through meiosis in mammals are still unknown. However, disruption of some meiotic genes in mouse showed an essential role of them in meiotic chromosome synapsis and gametogenesis. Moreover, the phenotype of gonads in null mutant mice for some meiotic genes (failure to initiate or blockage in meiosis, lack of gametes or small size of gonads...) could be strikingly similar to clinical observations found in human infertility. The aim of this study was to identify putative mutations in 5 meiotic genes of several clinically well-characterized patients who present unexplained infertility (normal karyotype, women with premature ovarian failure, men with azospermia and without Y micro-deletion). For this purpose, the exons of these 5 genes (DMC1, SPO11, MSH4, MSH5, CCNA1) were all amplified by PCR with specific primers and each amplified-exon was sequenced. Sequences were aligned in comparison to the human corresponding gene available in Genbank. Many heterozygous mutations were found in different genes. Two homozygous mutations were found in MSH4 and DMC1 genes in a young man presenting a testis vanishing syndrome and a woman presenting a premature ovarian failure, respectively. Consequences of such mutations will be examined and verified in model organisms (yeast, mouse) to check the relevance of the mutations in clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mandon-Pépin
- Inra, laboratoire de biologie du développement et biotechnologies, bâtiment J. Poly, 78350 Jouy en Josas, France.
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38
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Morel F, Duguépéroux I, McElreavey K, Le Bris MJ, Herry A, Parent P, Le Martelot MT, Fellous M, De Braekeleer M. Transmission of an unbalanced (Y;1) translocation in Brittany, France. J Med Genet 2002; 39:e52. [PMID: 12205122 PMCID: PMC1735235 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.39.9.e52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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39
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De Baere E, Lemercier B, Christin-Maitre S, Durval D, Messiaen L, Fellous M, Veitia R. FOXL2 mutation screening in a large panel of POF patients and XX males. J Med Genet 2002; 39:e43. [PMID: 12161610 PMCID: PMC1735205 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.39.8.e43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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40
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Vialard F, Ottolenghi C, Gonzales M, Choiset A, Girard S, Siffroi JP, McElreavey K, Vibert-Guigue C, Sebaoun M, Joyé N, Portnoï MF, Jaubert F, Fellous M. Deletion of 9p associated with gonadal dysfunction in 46,XY but not in 46,XX human fetuses. J Med Genet 2002; 39:514-8. [PMID: 12114486 PMCID: PMC1735174 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.39.7.514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
MESH Headings
- Abnormalities, Multiple/diagnosis
- Abnormalities, Multiple/genetics
- Abortion, Therapeutic/methods
- Chromosome Deletion
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/genetics
- Disorders of Sex Development
- Female
- Fetus/chemistry
- Fetus/physiology
- Genitalia/abnormalities
- Gestational Age
- Gonadal Dysgenesis, 46,XX/diagnosis
- Gonadal Dysgenesis, 46,XX/genetics
- Gonadal Dysgenesis, 46,XY/diagnosis
- Gonadal Dysgenesis, 46,XY/genetics
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Karyotyping
- Male
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy Trimester, Second
- Prenatal Diagnosis
- Telomere/genetics
- Testis/chemistry
- Testis/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- F Vialard
- Service de Cytogénétique et de Foetopathologie, Hopital Saint Antoine, 184 rue du Faubourg Saint Antoine, 75012 Paris, France
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41
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Abstract
It is estimated that about 10% of men suffer from male infertility. Male infertility is associated with a reduction in the quantity, reduced mobility or abnormal morphology of sperm. In about 50-60% of cases the etiology can be identified. When the cause is unknown, it is referred to as idiopathic infertility. A genetic cause is suspected in some of the latter cases since chromosome anomalies and familial forms of male infertility have been reported. Three different regions of the Y chromosome, termed AZFa, AZFb and AZFc are recurrently deleted in about 15% of cases of idiopathic azoospermia or severe oilgozoospermia. AZFc deletions form the majority of these deletions. The presence of a Y microdeletion does not seem to alter the fertilisation of the oocyte or the development of the embryo. However, if the child is a boy, he will inherit the deletion from his father and will most likely be infertile when he is an adult. In the absence of any other information concerning an association between Y chromosome microdeletions and other development anomalies of the child, in genetic counselling the principal risk for male offspring appears to be infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- K McElreavey
- Institut Pasteur, 25, rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, France.
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42
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Rosa F, Berissi H, Weissenbach J, Maroteaux L, Fellous M, Revel M. The beta2-microglobulin mRNA in human Daudi cells has a mutated initiation codon but is still inducible by interferon. EMBO J 2002; 2:239-43. [PMID: 11894933 PMCID: PMC555120 DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1983.tb01412.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human Burkitt lymphoma cell line Daudi does not synthesize beta2-microglobulin (beta2m) and lacks the cell surface histocompatibility antigens. The cells, however, contain RNA hybridizing to a cloned human beta2m cDNA probe. cDNA from this Daudi beta2m RNA, was cloned and sequenced. By comparison with cDNA prepared from Ramos cells, which synthesized microglobulin, we determined the sequence of the 20 amino acid long leader peptide of pre-beta2m and show that in Daudi cells the initiator ATG has been mutated to ATC. Although Daudi beta2m RNA cannot be translated, interferon induces the beta2m RNA in Daudi cells as well as in normal human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Rosa
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris VII, France
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43
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Abstract
Human interferons-alpha, -beta and -gamma enhance HLA-DR mRNAs in all the human lymphoblastoid and melanoma cell lines studied. The increase concerns both alpha and beta chain mRNAs. Moreover, we show that immune interferon-gamma preferentially enhances class II MHC mRNA. This effect of IFN-gamma on the synthesis of alpha and beta HLA-DR chains has been also analysed by immunoprecipitation. It is abolished by a monoclonal antibody directed against human IFN-gamma. The effect of interferon on the cell surface level of HLA-DR molecules does not always correspond to the enhancement of HLA-DR mRNA. Our experiments suggest that this discrepancy between the enhancement of HLA-DR mRNA and cell surface antigen might be due to a constitutively high level of the corresponding antigens on several of the human cells studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Rosa
- Immunogénétique Humaine, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris VII, France
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44
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Pailhoux E, Vigier B, Vaiman D, Schibler L, Vaiman A, Cribiu E, Nezer C, Georges M, Sundström J, Pelliniemi LJ, Fellous M, Cotinot C. Contribution of domestic animals to the identification of new genes involved in sex determination. J Exp Zool 2001; 290:700-8. [PMID: 11748618 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Among farm animals, two species present an intersex condition at a relatively high frequency: pig and goat. Both are known to contain XX sex-reversed individuals which are genetically female but with a true hermaphrodite or male phenotype. It has been clearly demonstrated that the SRY gene is not involved in these phenotypes. Consequently, autosomal or X-linked mutations in the sex-determining pathway may explain these sex-reversed phenotypes. A mutation referred to as "polled" has been characterized in goats by the suppression of horn formation and abnormal sexual differentiation. The Polled Intersex Syndrome locus (PIS) was initially located in the distal region of goat chromosome 1. The homologous human region has been precisely identified as an HSA 3q23 DNA segment containing the Blepharophimosis Ptosis Epicanthus locus (BPES), a syndrome combining Premature Ovarian Failure (POF) and an excess of epidermis of the eyelids. In order to isolate genes involved in pig intersexuality, a similar genetic approach was attempted in pigs using genome scanning of resource families. Genetic analyses suggest that pig intersexuality is controlled multigenically. Parallel to this work, gonads of fetal intersex animals have been studied during development by light and electron microscopy. The development of testicular tissue and reduction of germ cell number by apoptosis, which simultaneously occurs as soon as 50 days post coïtum, also suggests that several separate genes could be involved in pig intersexuality.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pailhoux
- Unité de Biologie du développement et Biotechnologies, INRA, 78350 Jouy en Josas, France
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45
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Pailhoux E, Vigier B, Chaffaux S, Servel N, Taourit S, Furet JP, Fellous M, Grosclaude F, Cribiu EP, Cotinot C, Vaiman D. A 11.7-kb deletion triggers intersexuality and polledness in goats. Nat Genet 2001; 29:453-8. [PMID: 11726932 DOI: 10.1038/ng769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian sex determination is governed by the presence of the sex determining region Y gene (SRY) on the Y chromosome. Familial cases of SRY-negative XX sex reversal are rare in humans, often hampering the discovery of new sex-determining genes. The mouse model is also insufficient to correctly apprehend the sex-determination cascade, as the human pathway is much more sensitive to gene dosage. Other species might therefore be considered in this respect. In goats, the polled intersex syndrome (PIS) mutation associates polledness and intersexuality. The sex reversal affects exclusively the XX individuals in a recessive manner, whereas the absence of horns is dominant in both sexes. The syndrome is caused by an autosomal gene located at chromosome band 1q43 (ref. 9), shown to be homologous to human chromosome band 3q23 (ref. 10). Through a positional cloning approach, we demonstrate that the mutation underlying PIS is the deletion of a critical 11.7-kb DNA element containing mainly repetitive sequences. This deletion affects the transcription of at least two genes: PISRT1, encoding a 1.5-kb mRNA devoid of open reading frame (ORF), and FOXL2, recently shown to be responsible for blepharophimosis ptosis epicanthus inversus syndrome (BPES) in humans. These two genes are located 20 and 200 kb telomeric from the deletion, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pailhoux
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement et Biotechnologies, Département de Physiologie Animale INRA, Centre de Recherches de Jouy-en-Josas, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, Paris, France
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46
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Jamain S, Girondot M, Leroy P, Clergue M, Quach H, Fellous M, Bourgeron T. Transduction of the human gene FAM8A1 by endogenous retrovirus during primate evolution. Genomics 2001; 78:38-45. [PMID: 11707071 DOI: 10.1006/geno.2001.6642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Capture of cellular mRNA by mobile elements has been an evolutionary catalyst for the spread of genes and a cause of cancer development. Here we present evidence that an orphan gene, FAM8A1 (family with sequence similarity 8), was captured by a retrovirus, followed by multiple retrotransposition events, during primate evolution between 45 and 58 million years ago. This represents the first record of cellular mRNA transduction in humans. The human gene is localized on chromosome 6p23 with five related pseudogenes (FAM8A2P-A6P), each inserted within a human endogenous retrovirus (HERV). Only the functional FAM8A1 gene is expressed and displays a ubiquitous mRNA and a testis-specific transcript present in the haploid phase of spermatogenesis. The structural features of the FAM8A1 pseudogenes include two short sequences of similarity between the FAM8A1 mRNA and the HERV sequences at both the 5' and 3' integration sites. These hallmarks suggest an alternative model to account for the capture of FAM8A1 cellular mRNA by HERV-K, involving illegitimate recombination events at the two sites of sequence similarity during reverse transcription. Unlike previous models, which assume at least one step of retroviral integration in the genome, our model is consistent with in vitro observations showing that multiple template switches occur among packaged viral transcripts. This leads to the speculation that, in some cases, cellular mRNAs may have been captured through similar processes involved in the retroviral life cycle.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Northern
- Cattle
- Chickens
- DNA/chemistry
- DNA/genetics
- DNA, Complementary/chemistry
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Endogenous Retroviruses/genetics
- Evolution, Molecular
- Female
- Gene Conversion
- Gene Expression
- Gene Transfer, Horizontal
- Humans
- Male
- Membrane Proteins
- Mice
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutation
- Phylogeny
- Primates/genetics
- Proteins/genetics
- Pseudogenes/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- Tissue Distribution
- Turtles
- Xenopus
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jamain
- Laboratoire d 'Immunogénétique Humaine, INSERM E021, Institut Pasteur, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, Paris Cedex 15, 75724, France
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Salas-Cortés L, Jaubert F, Bono MR, Fellous M, Rosemblatt M. Expression of the human SRY protein during development in normal male gonadal and sex-reversed tissues. J Exp Zool 2001; 290:607-15. [PMID: 11748609 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Sex determination in mammals is controlled by the SRY gene located on the Y chromosome. It encodes a protein containing a DNA-binding and DNA-bending domain. In spite of recent advances in the identification of the mechanisms that regulate male sex determination in mammals, the expression profile of the SRY protein in normal and sex-reversed human tissues is not well established. In order to localize the SRY protein and determine its cellular distribution and expression at different stages of development, we prepared monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against the recombinant SRY protein. One of these antibodies, LSRY1.1, recognizes a protein of 27 kDa in total lysates of HeLa SRYB3, a human cell line transfected with the SRY gene under the control of the SV40 promoter. Immunocytochemical analysis in the cell lines shows nuclear localization of the SRY protein. We have studied SRY protein expression in human tissues at different stage of fetal development until adult life and have demonstrated that the SRY protein is located in the nuclei of somatic cells and germ cells in the genital ridge during testis development. After testis determination, it can be detected until the adult stage in both germ cells and Sertoli cells. The presence of the SRY protein was also analyzed in biopsies of gonadal tissues of sex-reversal patients such as SRY-positive 46,XX males or SRY-positive 46,XX true hermaphrodites. SRY protein is detected in the nuclei of Sertoli cells of the testis and in the nuclei of granulosa cells in the ovotestis in these patients and in the nuclei of germ cells of both tissue types. These results suggest a common cellular origin for both Sertoli cells and granulosa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Salas-Cortés
- Unité d'Immunogénétique Humaine, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France.
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Jamain S, Quach H, Fellous M, Bourgeron T. Identification of the human KIF13A gene homologous to Drosophila kinesin-73 and candidate for schizophrenia. Genomics 2001; 74:36-44. [PMID: 11374900 DOI: 10.1006/geno.2001.6535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have reported significant linkage for schizophrenia on 6p23, with a maximum lod score between D6S274 and D6S285. In this paper, we present a new human kinesin gene localized in this 2-cM interval. This gene, termed KIF13A, belongs to the unc-104/KIF1A kinesin subfamily and represents the orthologue of Drosophila kinesin-73. Several alternative transcripts are differentially expressed in human tissues, probably reflecting differences in cargo binding and transport of corresponding proteins. During early mouse development, its homologue (Kif13A) is expressed essentially in the central nervous system. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the unc-104 gene is involved in axonal anterograde transport, and null mutants present several behavioral defects. The putative function and genomic localization of KIF13A make this gene an interesting candidate for genetic predisposition to schizophrenia. We provide sequences of 20 single-nucleotide polymorphisms localized within KIF13A to test for association studies between this gene and schizophrenia.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA, Complementary/chemistry
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Databases, Factual
- Drosophila Proteins
- Embryo, Mammalian/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization
- Kinesins/genetics
- Male
- Mice
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Phylogeny
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Schizophrenia/genetics
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Tissue Distribution
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jamain
- Laboratoire d'Immunogénétique Humaine, INSERM E021, Institut Pasteur, 25, Rue du Docteur Roux, Paris Cedex 15, 75724, France
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De Baere E, Dixon MJ, Small KW, Jabs EW, Leroy BP, Devriendt K, Gillerot Y, Mortier G, Meire F, Van Maldergem L, Courtens W, Hjalgrim H, Huang S, Liebaers I, Van Regemorter N, Touraine P, Praphanphoj V, Verloes A, Udar N, Yellore V, Chalukya M, Yelchits S, De Paepe A, Kuttenn F, Fellous M, Veitia R, Messiaen L. Spectrum of FOXL2 gene mutations in blepharophimosis-ptosis-epicanthus inversus (BPES) families demonstrates a genotype--phenotype correlation. Hum Mol Genet 2001; 10:1591-600. [PMID: 11468277 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/10.15.1591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in FOXL2, a forkhead transcription factor gene, have recently been shown to cause blepharophimosis-ptosis-epicanthus inversus syndrome (BPES) types I and II, a rare genetic disorder. In BPES type I a complex eyelid malformation is associated with premature ovarian failure (POF), whereas in BPES type II the eyelid defect occurs as an isolated entity. In this study, we describe the identification of novel mutations in the FOXL2 gene in BPES types I and II families, in sporadic BPES patients, and in BPES families where the type could not be established. In 67% of the patients studied, we identified a mutation in the FOXL2 gene. In total, 21 mutations (17 of which are novel) and one microdeletion were identified. Thirteen of these FOXL2 mutations are unique. In this study, we demonstrate that there is a genotype--phenotype correlation for either types of BPES by the finding that mutations predicted to result in a truncated protein either lacking or containing the forkhead domain lead to BPES type I. In contrast, duplications within or downstream of the forkhead domain, and a frameshift downstream of them, all predicted to result in an extended protein, cause BPES type II. In addition, in 30 unrelated patients with isolated POF no causal mutations were identified in FOXL2. Our study provides further evidence that FOXL2 haploinsufficiency may cause BPES types I and II by the effect of a null allele and a hypomorphic allele, respectively. Furthermore, we propose that in a fraction of the BPES patients the genetic defect does not reside within the coding region of the FOXL2 gene and may be caused by a position effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- E De Baere
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Abstract
In humans, testis development depends on a regulated genetic hierarchy initiated by the Y-linked SRY gene. Failure of testicular determination results in the condition termed 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis (GD). Several components of the testis determining pathway have recently been identified though it has been difficult to articulate a cascade with the known elements of the system. It seems, however, that early gonadal development is the result of a network of interactions instead of the outcome of a linear cascade. Accumulating evidence shows that testis formation in man is sensitive to gene dosage. Haploinsufficiency of SF1, WT1 and SOX9 is responsible for 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis. Besides, data on SRY is consistent with possible dosage anomalies in certain cases of male to female sex reversal. 46,XY GD due to monosomy of distal 9p and 10q might also be associated with an insufficient gene dosage effect. Duplications of the locus DSS can lead to a failure of testicular development and a duplication of the region containing SOX9 has been implicated in XX sex reversal. Transgenic studies in mouse have shown, however, that this mammal is less sensitive to gene dosage than man. Here, we will try to put in place the known pieces of the jigsaw puzzle that is sex determination in mammals, as far as current knowledge obtained from man and animal models allows. We are certain that from this attempt more questions than answers will arise.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Veitia
- Immunogénétique Humaine, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, Cedex 15, France.
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