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Ohata C, Ishii N, Niizeki H, Shimomura Y, Furumura M, Inoko H, Mitsunaga S, Saiki M, Shigeta M, Fujiwara S, Yamakawa K, Kobayashi S, Kamata M, Inaba M, Ito T, Uhara H, Watanabe R, Ohtoshi S, Ohashi T, Tanaka T, Suzuki M, Sitaru C, Kárpáti S, Zone J, Hashimoto T. Unique characteristics in Japanese dermatitis herpetiformis. Br J Dermatol 2015; 174:180-3. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Ohata
- Department of Dermatology Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology 67 Asahimachi Kurume Fukuoka 830‐0001 Japan
| | - N. Ishii
- Department of Dermatology Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology 67 Asahimachi Kurume Fukuoka 830‐0001 Japan
| | - H. Niizeki
- Department of Dermatology National Center for Child Health and Development Tokyo Japan
| | - Y. Shimomura
- Laboratory of Genetic Skin Diseases Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Niigata Japan
| | - M. Furumura
- Department of Dermatology Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology 67 Asahimachi Kurume Fukuoka 830‐0001 Japan
| | - H. Inoko
- GenoDive Pharma Inc. Kanagawa Japan
| | - S. Mitsunaga
- Department of Molecular Life Science Tokai University School of Medicine Kanagawa Japan
| | - M. Saiki
- Department of Dermatology Nagano Municipal Hospital Nagano Japan
| | | | - S. Fujiwara
- Department of Dermatology Faculty of Medicine Oita University Oita Japan
| | | | - S. Kobayashi
- Division of Dermatology Seibo International Catholic Hospital Tokyo Japan
| | - M. Kamata
- Department of Dermatology Faculty of Medicine University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - M. Inaba
- Department of Dermatology Nippon Medical School Hospital Tokyo Japan
| | - T. Ito
- Department of Dermatology Hamamatsu University School of Medicine Shizuoka Japan
| | - H. Uhara
- Department of Dermatology Shinshu University School of Medicine Nagano Japan
| | - R. Watanabe
- Department of Dermatology Faculty of Medicine University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - S. Ohtoshi
- Department of Dermatology Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital Kanagawa Japan
| | - T. Ohashi
- Department of Dermatology Fukushima Medical University Fukushima Japan
| | - T. Tanaka
- Department of Dermatology Shiga University of Medical Science Shiga Japan
| | - M. Suzuki
- Department of Dermatology Jichi Medical University Tochigi Japan
| | - C. Sitaru
- Department of Dermatology University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
| | - S. Kárpáti
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology Semmelweis University Budapest Hungary
| | - J.J. Zone
- Department of Dermatology University of Utah School of Medicine Salt Lake City UT USA
| | - T. Hashimoto
- Department of Dermatology Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology 67 Asahimachi Kurume Fukuoka 830‐0001 Japan
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2
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Tsuchisaka A, Kaneko S, Imaoka K, Ota M, Kishimoto K, Tomaru U, Kasahara M, Ohata C, Furumura M, Takamori S, Morita E, Hashimoto T. Presence of autoimmune regulator and absence of desmoglein 1 in a thymoma in a patient with pemphigus foliaceus. Br J Dermatol 2015; 173:268-71. [PMID: 25523433 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Tsuchisaka
- Department of Dermatology, Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology, Kurume, 830-0011, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - S Kaneko
- Department of Dermatology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - K Imaoka
- Department of Dermatology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - M Ota
- Department of Dermatology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - K Kishimoto
- Department of Respiratory Surgery, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - U Tomaru
- Department of Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - M Kasahara
- Department of Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - C Ohata
- Department of Dermatology, Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology, Kurume, 830-0011, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - M Furumura
- Department of Dermatology, Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology, Kurume, 830-0011, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - S Takamori
- Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - E Morita
- Department of Dermatology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - T Hashimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology, Kurume, 830-0011, Fukuoka, Japan
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3
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Ishii N, Teye K, Fukuda S, Uehara R, Hachiya T, Koga H, Tsuchisaka A, Numata S, Ohyama B, Tateishi C, Tsuruta D, Furumura M, Hattori S, Kawakami T, Ohata C, Hashimoto T. Anti-desmocollin autoantibodies in nonclassical pemphigus. Br J Dermatol 2015; 173:59-68. [PMID: 25640111 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the established pathogenic role of anti-desmoglein (Dsg) antibodies in classical pemphigus, the significance of autoantibodies to another desmosomal cadherin, desmocollin (Dsc) is at present unknown. No consistent immunoassay for immunoglobulin (Ig) G autoantibodies to Dscs has been developed. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to develop reliable assays to detect anti-Dsc autoantibodies. METHODS We expressed soluble recombinant proteins (RPs) of human Dsc1-3 in mammalian cells and examined sera of various types of pemphigus, including 79 paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP) sera, by novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) using the RPs. We also performed ELISAs of Dsc baculoproteins and used the complementary DNA (cDNA) transfection method, and compared the results with those of mammalian ELISAs. RESULTS Through mammalian ELISAs, IgG autoantibodies to Dsc1, Dsc2 and Dsc3 were detected in 16.5%, 36.7% and 59.5% of PNP sera, respectively, and considerable numbers of pemphigus herpetiformis (PH) and pemphigus vegetans (PVeg) sera reacted strongly with Dsc1 and Dsc3. Mammalian ELISAs were highly specific and more sensitive than baculoprotein ELISAs or the cDNA transfection method. Several Dsc-positive sera, particularly PH sera, showed no reactivity with Dsgs. The reactivity of PNP serum and PVeg serum with Dscs was not abolished by pre-absorption with Dsg RPs. CONCLUSIONS The results of these novel ELISAs indicated that IgG anti-Dsc autoantibodies were frequently detected and potentially pathogenic in nonclassical pemphigus.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ishii
- Department of Dermatology, Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology, 67 Asahimachi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - K Teye
- Department of Dermatology, Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology, 67 Asahimachi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - S Fukuda
- Department of Dermatology, Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology, 67 Asahimachi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - R Uehara
- Intellectual Property and Clinical Development Department/Business Development Division, Medical & Biological Laboratories Co., Ltd, Nagoya, Japan
| | - T Hachiya
- Antibody Engineering Department/Manufacturing Division, Medical & Biological Laboratories Co., Ltd, Nagoya, Japan
| | - H Koga
- Department of Dermatology, Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology, 67 Asahimachi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - A Tsuchisaka
- Department of Dermatology, Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology, 67 Asahimachi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - S Numata
- Department of Dermatology, Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology, 67 Asahimachi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - B Ohyama
- Department of Dermatology, Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology, 67 Asahimachi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - C Tateishi
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - D Tsuruta
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - M Furumura
- Department of Dermatology, Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology, 67 Asahimachi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - S Hattori
- Biostatistics Center, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
| | - T Kawakami
- Department of Dermatology, St Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - C Ohata
- Department of Dermatology, Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology, 67 Asahimachi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - T Hashimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology, 67 Asahimachi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
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4
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Ishii N, Furumura M, Hamada T, Mori O, Ohzono A, Ueda A, Karashima T, Nakama T, Tsuruta D, Takedatsu H, Fujita H, Hashimoto T. Oesophageal involvement in epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. Br J Dermatol 2014; 172:288-90. [PMID: 24975454 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Ishii
- Department of Dermatology, Kurume University School of Medicine and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology, 67 Asahimachi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
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5
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Yoshimura K, Ishii N, Hamada T, Abe T, Ono F, Hashikawa K, Fukuda S, Ohyama B, Koga H, Sogame R, Teye K, Ochiai T, Nakajima H, Nakajima K, Iijima S, Kanzaki M, Kojima K, Nagatani T, Fujimoto W, Karashima T, Nakama T, Ohata C, Furumura M, Tsuruta D, Hashimoto T. Clinical and immunological profiles in 17 Japanese patients with drug‐induced pemphigus studied at Kurume University. Br J Dermatol 2014; 171:544-53. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Yoshimura
- Department of Dermatology Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology 67 Asahimachi Kurume Fukuoka 830‐0011 Japan
| | - N. Ishii
- Department of Dermatology Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology 67 Asahimachi Kurume Fukuoka 830‐0011 Japan
| | - T. Hamada
- Department of Dermatology Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology 67 Asahimachi Kurume Fukuoka 830‐0011 Japan
| | - T. Abe
- Department of Dermatology Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology 67 Asahimachi Kurume Fukuoka 830‐0011 Japan
| | - F. Ono
- Department of Dermatology Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology 67 Asahimachi Kurume Fukuoka 830‐0011 Japan
| | - K. Hashikawa
- Department of Dermatology Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology 67 Asahimachi Kurume Fukuoka 830‐0011 Japan
| | - S. Fukuda
- Department of Dermatology Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology 67 Asahimachi Kurume Fukuoka 830‐0011 Japan
| | - B. Ohyama
- Department of Dermatology Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology 67 Asahimachi Kurume Fukuoka 830‐0011 Japan
| | - H. Koga
- Department of Dermatology Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology 67 Asahimachi Kurume Fukuoka 830‐0011 Japan
| | - R. Sogame
- Department of Dermatology Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology 67 Asahimachi Kurume Fukuoka 830‐0011 Japan
| | - K. Teye
- Department of Dermatology Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology 67 Asahimachi Kurume Fukuoka 830‐0011 Japan
| | - T. Ochiai
- Department of Dermatology Surugadai Nihon University Hospital Tokyo Japan
| | - H. Nakajima
- Department of Dermatology Kochi University School of Medicine Kochi Japan
| | - K. Nakajima
- Department of Dermatology Kochi University School of Medicine Kochi Japan
| | - S. Iijima
- Department of Dermatology Mito Saiseikai General Hospital Mito Ibaraki Japan
| | - M. Kanzaki
- Department of Dermatology Mito Saiseikai General Hospital Mito Ibaraki Japan
| | - K. Kojima
- Department of Dermatology Kanazawa Medical University School of Medicine Ishikawa Japan
| | - T. Nagatani
- Department of Dermatology Hachioji Medical Center of Tokyo Medical University Tokyo Japan
| | - W. Fujimoto
- Department of Dermatology Kawasaki Medical School of Medicine Okayama Japan
| | - T. Karashima
- Department of Dermatology Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology 67 Asahimachi Kurume Fukuoka 830‐0011 Japan
| | - T. Nakama
- Department of Dermatology Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology 67 Asahimachi Kurume Fukuoka 830‐0011 Japan
| | - C. Ohata
- Department of Dermatology Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology 67 Asahimachi Kurume Fukuoka 830‐0011 Japan
| | - M. Furumura
- Department of Dermatology Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology 67 Asahimachi Kurume Fukuoka 830‐0011 Japan
| | - D. Tsuruta
- Department of Dermatology Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology 67 Asahimachi Kurume Fukuoka 830‐0011 Japan
- Department of Dermatology Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan
| | - T. Hashimoto
- Department of Dermatology Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology 67 Asahimachi Kurume Fukuoka 830‐0011 Japan
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6
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Iino Y, Kano T, Adachi F, Suzuki M, Nishikawa R, Ishii N, Ohata C, Furumura M, Hamada T, Hashimoto T. A case of bullous pemphigoid associated with psoriasis vulgaris showing Hailey-Hailey disease-like histopathological changes in regenerated epidermis without genomic mutation in ATP2C1
or ATP2A2
gene. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2014; 29:1646-8. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.12521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Iino
- Department of Dermatology; Ibaraki Prefectural Central Hospital; Kasama Ibaraki Japan
| | - T. Kano
- Department of Dermatology; Ibaraki Prefectural Central Hospital; Kasama Ibaraki Japan
| | - F. Adachi
- Department of Dermatology; Ibaraki Prefectural Central Hospital; Kasama Ibaraki Japan
| | - M. Suzuki
- Department of Dermatology; Ibaraki Prefectural Central Hospital; Kasama Ibaraki Japan
| | - R. Nishikawa
- Department of Dermatology; Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology; Kurume Fukuoka Japan
| | - N. Ishii
- Department of Dermatology; Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology; Kurume Fukuoka Japan
| | - C. Ohata
- Department of Dermatology; Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology; Kurume Fukuoka Japan
| | - M. Furumura
- Department of Dermatology; Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology; Kurume Fukuoka Japan
| | - T. Hamada
- Department of Dermatology; Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology; Kurume Fukuoka Japan
| | - T. Hashimoto
- Department of Dermatology; Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology; Kurume Fukuoka Japan
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7
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Ohata C, Koga H, Teye K, Ishii N, Hamada T, Dainichi T, Furumura M, Sato M, Sueki H, Hashimoto T. Concurrence of bullous pemphigoid and herpetiform pemphigus with IgG antibodies to desmogleins 1/3 and desmocollins 1-3. Br J Dermatol 2012; 168:879-81. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Matsuo H, Dahlström J, Tanaka A, Kohno K, Takahashi H, Furumura M, Morita E. Sensitivity and specificity of recombinant omega-5 gliadin-specific IgE measurement for the diagnosis of wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis. Allergy 2008; 63:233-6. [PMID: 18186814 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01504.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A recent study has shown that the measurement of specific IgE antibodies to B-cell epitope peptides of wheat omega-5 gliadin (Pep A) and high molecular weight glutenin subunit (Pep B) are useful to diagnose wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (WDEIA). AIMS OF THE STUDY We sought to compare the sensitivity and specificity of the in vitro tests for measuring the specific IgE antibodies to recombinant omega-5 gliadin (romega-5 gliadin) with those for wheat, gluten, Pep A, and Pep B in identification of patients with WDEIA. METHODS Fifty patients with WDEIA, 25 healthy subjects and 25 patients with atopic dermatitis with specific IgE antibodies to wheat but without experience of allergic reactions after ingestion of wheat products were enrolled in this study. The concentrations of specific IgE antibodies were measured using ImmunoCAP. The empirical receiver operating characteristics curves (ROC) for each test were prepared and the areas under the ROC curve (AUC) were compared. RESULTS In patients with WDEIA, the sensitivities of the allergen-specific IgE tests for wheat, gluten, Pep A, Pep B and romega-5 gliadin were 48%, 56%, 76%, 22%, and 80%, respectively. The seven of 10 WDEIA patients with no specific IgE antibodies to romega-5 gliadin had specific IgE antibodies to Pep B. The highest AUC (0.850) was observed in the test for romega-5 gliadin. CONCLUSIONS Measuring the concentration of specific IgE antibodies to romega-5 gliadin is more useful than to wheat, gluten, or Pep A in the identification of patients with WDEIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Matsuo
- Division of Clinical Pharmacotherapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
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9
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Furumura M, Potterf SB, Toyofuku K, Matsunaga J, Muller J, Hearing VJ. Involvement of ITF2 in the transcriptional regulation of melanogenic genes. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:28147-54. [PMID: 11382753 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m101626200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to agouti signal protein, melanocytes switch from producing eumelanin to pheomelanin concomitant with the down-regulation of melanogenic gene transcription. We previously reported that a ubiquitous basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, known as ITF2, is up-regulated during this switch, and we now report that treatment of melanocytes with melanocyte-stimulating hormone down-regulates expression of ITF2. To more fully characterize the involvement of ITF2 in regulating melanogenic gene transcription, ITF2 sense or antisense constructs were introduced into melan-a melanocytes. Gene and protein expression analyses and luciferase reporter assays using promoters from melanogenic genes showed that up-regulation of ITF2 suppressed melanogenic gene expression as well as the expression of Mitf, a melanocyte-specific transcription factor. In addition, stable ITF2 sense transfectants had significant reductions in pigmentation and a less dendritic phenotype compared with mock transfectants. In contrast, ITF2 antisense-transfected melanocytes were more pigmented and more dendritic. These results demonstrate that up-regulation of ITF2 during the pheomelanin switch is functionally significant and reveal that differential expression of a ubiquitous basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor can modulate expression of melanogenic genes and the differentiation of melanocytes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Neoplasm
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors
- Blotting, Northern
- Cell Differentiation
- Cyclic AMP/metabolism
- DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry
- DNA-Binding Proteins/physiology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Down-Regulation
- Genes, Reporter
- Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs
- Luciferases/metabolism
- MART-1 Antigen
- Melanins/metabolism
- Melanocytes/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Microscopy, Electron
- Models, Biological
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Nerve Tissue Proteins
- Oligonucleotides, Antisense/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Plasmids/metabolism
- Precipitin Tests
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Protein Isoforms
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Ribonucleases/metabolism
- TCF Transcription Factors
- Trans-Activators/chemistry
- Trans-Activators/physiology
- Transcription Factor 4
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic
- Transfection
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- M Furumura
- Pigment Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Cell Biology, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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10
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Kobayashi N, Katsumi S, Imoto K, Nakagawa A, Miyagawa S, Furumura M, Mori T. Quantitation and visualization of ultraviolet-induced DNA damage using specific antibodies: application to pigment cell biology. Pigment Cell Res 2001; 14:94-102. [PMID: 11310797 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0749.2001.140204.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The major types of DNA damage induced by sunlight in the skin are DNA photoproducts, such as cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs), (6-4)photoproducts (6-4PPs) and Dewar isomers of 6-4PPs. A sensitive method for quantitating and visualizing each type of DNA photoproduct induced by biologically relevant doses of ultraviolet (UV) or sunlight is essential to characterize DNA photoproducts and their biological effects. We have established monoclonal antibodies specific for CPDs, 6-4PPs or Dewar isomers. Those antibodies allow one to quantitate photoproducts in DNA purified from cultured cells or from the skin epidermis using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. One can also use those specific antibodies with in situ laser cytometry to visualize and measure DNA photoproducts in cultured cells or in the skin, using indirect immunofluorescence and a laser-scanning confocal microscope. This latter method allows us to reconstruct three-dimensional images of nuclei containing DNA photoproducts and to simultaneously examine DNA photoproducts and histology in multilayered epidermis. Using those techniques, one can determine the induction and repair of these three distinct types of DNA photoproducts in cultured cells and in the skin exposed to sublethal or suberythematous doses of UV or solar simulated radiation. As examples of the utility of these techniques and antibodies, we describe the DNA repair kinetics following irradiation of human cell nuclei and the photoprotective effect of melanin against DNA photoproducts in cultured pigmented cells and in human epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kobayashi
- Department of Dermatology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan.
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11
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Abdel-Malek ZA, Scott MC, Furumura M, Lamoreux ML, Ollmann M, Barsh GS, Hearing VJ. The melanocortin 1 receptor is the principal mediator of the effects of agouti signaling protein on mammalian melanocytes. J Cell Sci 2001; 114:1019-24. [PMID: 11181184 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.114.5.1019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The agouti gene codes for agouti signaling protein (ASP), which is temporally expressed in wild-type mouse follicular melanocytes where it induces pheomelanin synthesis. Studies using purified full-length agouti signaling protein has shown that it competes with (α)-melanocyte stimulating hormone for binding to the melanocortin 1 receptor. We have investigated whether ASP binds exclusively to the melanocortin 1 receptor expressed on mouse melanocytes in primary culture, or additionally activates a receptor that has not been identified yet. We have compared the responses of congenic mouse melanocytes derived from C57 BL/6J-E(+)/E(+), e/e, or E(so)/E(so) mice to (alpha)-MSH and/or ASP. E(+)/E(+) melanocytes express the wild-type melanocortin 1 receptor, e/e melanocytes express a loss-of-function mutation in the melanocortin 1 receptor that results in a yellow coat color, and E(so)/E(so) is a mutation that causes constitutive activation of the melanocortin 1 receptor and renders melanocytes unresponsive to (alpha)-melanocyte stimulating hormone. Mouse E(+)/E(+) melanocytes, but not e/e or E(so)/E(so) melanocytes, respond to agouti signaling protein with decreased basal tyrosinase activity, and reduction in levels of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related proteins 1 and 2. Only in E(+)/E(+) melanocytes does agouti signaling protein abrogate the stimulatory effects of (alpha)-melanocyte stimulating hormone on cAMP formation and tyrosinase activity. These results indicate that a functional melanocortin 1 receptor is obligatory for the response of mammalian melanocytes to agouti signaling protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z A Abdel-Malek
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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12
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Abstract
The switch between the synthesis of eu- and pheomelanins is modulated by the interaction of two paracrine signaling molecules, alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) and agouti signal protein (ASP), which interact with melanocytes via the MSH receptor (MC1R). Comparison of the primary sequence of ASP with the known MSH pharmacophore provides no suggestion about the putative bioactive domain(s) of ASP. To identify such bioactive motif(s), we synthesized 15-mer peptides that spanned the primary sequence of ASP and determined their effects on the melanogenic activities of murine melanocytes. Northern and Western blotting were used, together with chemical analysis of melanins and enzymatic assays, to identify three distinct bioactive regions of ASP that down-regulate eumelanogenesis. The decrease in eumelanin production was mediated by down-regulation of mRNA levels for tyrosinase and other melanogenic enzymes, as occurs in vivo, and these effects were comparable to those elicited by intact recombinant ASP. Shorter peptides in those motifs were synthesized and their effects on melanogenesis were further investigated. The amino acid arginine, which is present in the MSH peptide pharmacophore (HFRW), is also in the most active domain of ASP (KVARP). Our data suggest that lysines and an arginine (in motifs such as KxxxxKxxR or KxxRxxxxK) are important for the bioactivity of ASP. Identification of the specific ASP epitope that interacts with the MC1R has potential pharmacological applications in treating dysfunctions of skin pigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Virador
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
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13
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Potterf SB, Furumura M, Dunn KJ, Arnheiter H, Pavan WJ. Transcription factor hierarchy in Waardenburg syndrome: regulation of MITF expression by SOX10 and PAX3. Hum Genet 2000; 107:1-6. [PMID: 10982026 DOI: 10.1007/s004390000328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is associated with neural crest-derived melanocyte deficiency caused by mutations in either one of three transcription factors: MITF, PAX3, and SOX10. However, the hierarchical relationship of these transcription factors is largely unknown. We show that SOX10 is capable of transactivating the MITF promoter 100-fold, and that this transactivation is further stimulated by PAX3. Promoter deletion and mutational analyses indicate that SOX10 can activate MITF expression through binding to a region that is evolutionarily conserved between the mouse and human MITF promoters. A SOX10 mutant that models C-terminal truncations in WS can reduce wild-type SOX10 induction of MITF, suggesting these mutations may act in a dominant-negative fashion. Our data support a model in which the hypopigmentation in WS, of which these factors have been implicated, results from a disruption in function of the central melanocyte transcription factor MITF.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Potterf
- Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4472, USA
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14
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Matsunaga N, Virador V, Santis C, Vieira WD, Furumura M, Matsunaga J, Kobayashi N, Hearing VJ. In situ localization of agouti signal protein in murine skin using immunohistochemistry with an ASP-specific antibody. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 270:176-82. [PMID: 10733924 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.2409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Switching between production of eumelanin or pheomelanin in follicular melanocytes is responsible for hair color in mammals; in mice, this switch is controlled by the agouti locus, which encodes agouti signal protein (ASP) through the action of melanocortin receptor 1. To study expression and processing patterns of ASP in the skin and its regulation of pigment production in hair follicles, we have generated a rabbit antibody (termed alphaPEP16) against a synthetic peptide that corresponds to the carboxyl terminus of ASP. The specificity of that antibody was measured by ELISA and was confirmed by Western blot analysis. Using immunohistochemistry, we characterized the expression of ASP in the skin of newborn mice at 3, 6, and 9 days postnatally. Expression in nonagouti (a/a) black mouse skin was negative at all times examined, as expected, and high expression of ASP was observed in 6 day newborn agouti (A/+) and in 6 and 9 day newborn lethal yellow (A(y)/a) mouse skin. In lethal yellow (pheomelanogenic) mice, ASP expression increased day by day as the hair color became more yellow. These expression patterns suggest that ASP is delivered quickly and efficiently to melanocytes and to hair matrix cells in the hair bulbs where it regulates melanin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Matsunaga
- Pigment Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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15
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Benathan M, Virador V, Furumura M, Kobayashi N, Panizzon RG, Hearing VJ. Co-regulation of melanin precursors and tyrosinase in human pigment cells: roles of cysteine and glutathione. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 1999; 45:981-90. [PMID: 10644002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) and cysteine (CysH) have both been implicated in the biogenesis of the pheomelanin precursor 5-S-cysteinyldopa (5-S-CD). However, recent studies have shown that only CysH is transported across the membrane of isolated melanosomes, and that the positive regulation of CysH in pigment cells leads to an increased production of 5-S-CD. In the present study, the question was examined as to whether melanin precursors and tyrosinase could be coregulated by cellular thiols. To address this issue, the levels of CysH and GSH were varied in normal melanocytes and melanoma cells using buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of GSH biosynthesis. Treatment with 50-100 microM BSO decreased GSH levels to less than 10% of control, and increased CysH levels between two- and five-fold in both cell types. Concomitant with this, an increase in the ratio of 5-S-CD to DOPA and a decrease in the pigment content of the cells were observed. The decrease in cell pigmentation was associated with strong decreases in tyrosine hydroxylase activity and 14C-melanin production. Only melanoma cells showed a modified tyrosinase isozyme pattern on Western immunoblots in response to BSO, while the mRNA expression of tyrosinase and TRP-1 were unchanged in both cell types. These results suggest that the balance between CysH and GSH, which is partly determined by the rate of utilization of CysH for GSH biosynthesis, regulates not only the levels of 5-S-CD and DOPA but also the melanogenic activity of pigment cells. Since DOPA functions as a cofactor in the monophenolase reaction of tyrosinase, it is proposed that the ratio of 5-S-CD to DOPA may be an important factor in the regulation of tyrosinase activity in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Benathan
- Department of Dermatology (DHURDV), University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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16
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Ando H, Funasaka Y, Oka M, Ohashi A, Furumura M, Matsunaga J, Matsunaga N, Hearing VJ, Ichihashi M. Possible involvement of proteolytic degradation of tyrosinase in the regulatory effect of fatty acids on melanogenesis. J Lipid Res 1999; 40:1312-6. [PMID: 10393216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of fatty acid-induced regulation of melanogenesis. An apparent regulatory effect on melanogenesis was observed when cultured B16F10 melanoma cells were incubated with fatty acids, i.e., linoleic acid (unsaturated, C18:2) decreased melanin synthesis while palmitic acid (saturated, C16:0) increased it. However, mRNA levels of the melanogenic enzymes, tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP1), and tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP2), were not altered. Regarding protein levels of these enzymes, the amount of tyrosinase was decreased by linoleic acid and increased by palmitic acid, whereas the amounts of TRP1 and TRP2 did not change after incubation with fatty acids. Pulse-chase assay by [35S]methionine metabolic labeling revealed that neither linoleic acid nor palmitic acid altered the synthesis of tyrosinase. Further, it was shown that linoleic acid accelerated, while palmitic acid decelerated, the proteolytic degradation of tyrosinase. These results suggest that modification of proteolytic degradation of tyrosinase is involved in regulatory effects of fatty acids on melanogenesis in cultured melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ando
- Department of Dermatology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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17
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Abstract
The synthesis of pheomelanin requires the incorporation of thiol-containing compound(s) during the process of mammalian melanogenesis. Since melanins are produced only in specialized, membrane-bound organelles, known as melanosomes, such thiol donor(s) must cross the membrane barrier from the cytosol to the melanosome interior. Cysteine and/or glutathione (GSH) were proposed as suitable thiol donors, although uptake of these compounds into melanosomes was not previously characterized. In this study, we show that cysteine is transported, in a temperature- and concentration-dependent manner, across membranes of melanosomes derived from murine melanocytes. Additional proof that cysteine uptake results from a carrier-mediated process and is not due to simple diffusion or to a membrane channel, was obtained in countertransport experiments, in which melanosomes preloaded with cysteine methyl ester took up significantly more [35S]cysteine than did unloaded controls. In contrast, we were unable to detect any significant uptake of [35S]GSH over a wide concentration range, in the presence or in the absence of reducing agent. This study is the first demonstration of melanosomal membrane transport of cysteine, and it strongly suggests that free cysteine is the thiol source utilized for pheomelanin synthesis in mammalian melanocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Potterf
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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18
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Potterf SB, Furumura M, Sviderskaya EV, Santis C, Bennett DC, Hearing VJ. Normal tyrosine transport and abnormal tyrosinase routing in pink-eyed dilution melanocytes. Exp Cell Res 1998; 244:319-26. [PMID: 9770375 DOI: 10.1006/excr.1998.4173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The pink-eyed dilution phenotype in mice arises from mutations in the p gene; in humans, analogous mutations in the P gene result in oculocutaneous albinism type 2. Although the molecular mechanisms which underlie this phenotype remain obscure, it has been postulated that mutations in p result in defective tyrosine transport into murine melanosomes, resulting in hypopigmentation and diminished coat color. However, we previously reported no difference in melanosomal tyrosine transport in unpigmented, melanoblast-like pink-eyed dilution (pcp/pcp), and in pigmented (melan-a) murine melanocytes. In this study, we utilized melan-p1 cells, more differentiated pink-eyed dilution (pcp/p25H) melanocytes which can be induced to produce melanin, to characterize the melanogenic lesion(s) more definitively. Uptake of [3H]tyrosine into melan-a melanosomes did not differ significantly from uptake into melanosomes derived from melan-p1 melanocytes, further arguing against its critical role as a tyrosine transporter. Pink-eyed dilution melanocytes incubated in high tyrosine concentrations became extremely pigmented as they became confluent and secreted large amounts of black material into the medium. Total cellular tyrosinase activity in melan-p1 melanocytes was significantly higher than that in melan-a melanocytes (which are wild-type at the p locus), but the localization of tyrosinase to melanosomes was impaired in melan-p1 melanocytes compared to melan-a melanocytes. These results indicate that mechanisms other than deficient tyrosine transport are involved in the pink-eyed dilution phenotype and that this protein may serve a chaperone-like or stabilizing function in melanocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Potterf
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
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19
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Furumura M, Sakai C, Potterf SB, Vieira WD, Barsh GS, Hearing VJ. Characterization of genes modulated during pheomelanogenesis using differential display. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:7374-8. [PMID: 9636156 PMCID: PMC22621 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.13.7374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular and biochemical mechanisms that modulate the production of eumelanin or pheomelanin pigments involve the opposing effects of two intercellular signaling molecules, alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) and agouti signal protein (ASP). ASP is an antagonist of MSH signaling through the melanocyte-specific MSH receptor, although its mechanism(s) of action is controversial. We previously have reported significant down-regulation of all known melanogenic genes during the eumelanin to pheomelanin switch in murine hair follicle melanocytes and in cultured melanocytes treated with recombinant ASP. To identify factors that might be involved in the switch to pheomelanogenesis, we screened ASP-treated melanocytes by using differential display and identified three up-regulated genes: a DNA replication control protein, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, and a novel gene. We have simultaneously identified six down-regulated genes in ASP-treated melanocytes; two of those encode tyrosinase and TRP2, melanogenic genes known to be down-regulated during pheomelanogenesis, which provide good internal controls for this approach. These results suggest that there are complex mechanisms involved in the switch to pheomelanin production, and that these modulated genes might be involved in the pleiotropic changes seen in yellow mice, including the change in coat color.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Furumura
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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20
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Furumura M, Solano F, Matsunaga N, Sakai C, Spritz RA, Hearing VJ. Metal ligand-binding specificities of the tyrosinase-related proteins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998; 242:579-85. [PMID: 9464259 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1997.8007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The production of pigment in mammalian melanocytes requires the interaction of at least 3 melanogenic enzymes, which regulate the type and amount of melanins produced. All 3 known enzymes belong to the TRP gene family and share many common structural features, including two metal binding domains thought to be important to their catalytic functions. This study used radiolabeled metal ligand binding with autoradiography as well as reconstitution protocols to analyze the binding of metal cations to these enzymes. The results demonstrate that all 3 enzymes are capable of binding divalent metal cations; copper is bound to tyrosinase but not to TRP1 or TRP2. TRP2 requires zinc as its metal ligand, and small amounts of iron bound to TRP2; TRP1 did not bind copper, zinc or iron. Clearly, the specific binding of different metals by the TRPs is responsible for their distinct catalytic functions in melanogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Furumura
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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21
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Abstract
Tyrosinase (EC 1.14.18.1) is a copper-containing enzyme that catalyzes several reactions in the biosynthesis of melanin pigments and is deficient in patients with type I oculocutaneous albinism (OCA1). Tyrosinase is thought to bind two copper ions, one at each of two conserved sequence motifs, termed CuA and CuB, but to date this has been directly proved only for the Neurospora and mushroom enzyme. Here, we demonstrate that mammalian tyrosinase directly binds copper, and that the CuA and CuB sites are both required for copper binding and for catalytic activity. We show that in human tyrosinase, copper binding by the CuB site is most likely coordinated by residues His363, His367, and His389, and that copper binding may be cooperative, with copper binding at one site facilitating copper binding by the other site. Furthermore, correct folding of the tyrosinase polypeptide appears to be necessary for copper binding, and a number of human OCA1 mutations disrupt copper binding and thus catalytic function of tyrosinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Spritz
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706, U.S.A
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22
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Abstract
Pigmentation of our skin, hair and eyes is essential for photoprotection, embryological development, detoxification and protective/cosmetic coloration. A number of proteins important to the production of melanin within melanosomes have now been identified including enzymatic and structural proteins encoded at the murine albino, brown, pinkeyed-dilution, MART1, slaty and silver loci. Interestingly, many of those melanosomal proteins (including epitopes derived from tyrosinase, TRP1/gp75, silver/gp100 and MART1/melan-A) function in vivo as targets of humoral and cellular autoimmune responses directed specifically against normal or transformed melanocytes. These findings have provided new impetus to research on immune responses to melanoma and, perhaps more importantly, examining why they are insufficient to provide protection against tumour growth and what type of immune therapy can be designed to correct that. The melanosome must now be considered beyond its function in pigmentation, and assumes the role of a valuable source for specific immune targets for malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sakai
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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23
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Ishikawa O, Kondo A, Okada K, Miyachi Y, Furumura M. Morphological and biochemical analyses on fibroblasts and self-produced collagens in a novel three-dimensional culture. Br J Dermatol 1997; 136:6-11. [PMID: 9039287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The addition of L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (Asc 2-P), which is active and stable under a conventional culture condition, could render dermal fibroblasts to the organization of a dermis-like structure on a plastic dish without any prior treatment. The cell layer was composed of multilayered fibroblasts surrounded by dense extracellular matrices. Confocal microscopic examination disclosed that the fibroblasts in the upper layer were spindle-shaped and those in the lower layer were polygonal. Electron microscopic examination revealed the accumulation of mature collagen fibrils in the intercellular space. These morphological observations suggest that the cell layer may resemble the dermis-like structure. Biochemical analyses revealed that the hydroxyproline content of the cell layer increased in a time-dependent manner, while the monolayer culture system without. Asc 2-P yielded no measurable amount of hydroxyproline. On sodium dodecylsulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, neutral insoluble collagens extracted from the cell layer showed the identical electrophoretic pattern to those from the human dermis. In addition, these bands were completely digested by bacterial collagenase. This novel culture system could provide a simple tool with which to investigate the collagen metabolism by fibroblasts under more physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Ishikawa
- Department of Dermatology, Gunma University School of Medicine, Japan
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24
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Furumura M, Sakai C, Abdel-Malek Z, Barsh GS, Hearing VJ. The interaction of agouti signal protein and melanocyte stimulating hormone to regulate melanin formation in mammals. Pigment Cell Res 1996; 9:191-203. [PMID: 8948501 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0749.1996.tb00109.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Important regulatory controls of melanogenesis that operate at the subcellular level to modulate the structural and/or the functional nature of the melanins and melanin granules produced in melanocytes are reviewed. Melanocyte stimulating hormone and agouti signal protein have antagonistic roles and possibly opposing mechanisms of action in the melanocyte. In the mouse, melanocyte stimulating hormone promotes melanogenic enzyme function and elicits increases in the amount of eumelanins produced, while agouti signal protein reduces total melanin production and elicits the synthesis of pheomelanin rather than eumelanin. We are now beginning to understand the complex controls involved in regulating this switch at the molecular and biochemical levels. The quality and quantity of melanins produced by melanocytes have important physiological consequences for melanocyte function and undoubtedly play important roles in the various functions of the melanins per se, including hair and skin coloration and photoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Furumura
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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25
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Abstract
A confocal laser microscope was used to examine the distribution pattern of actin bundles in whole-mounts of human hair follicles stained with fluorescently labeled phalloidin. Actin bundles were found exclusively in the epithelial outer root sheath of the lower and middle portions of the follicle. In the growth stage, the lower follicle was characterized by well-developed actin bundles arranged circumferentially in the innermost and outermost cell layers of the outer root sheath. Actin bundles in the innermost cells were aligned end-to-end so that they formed complete circular bands surrounding the inner root sheath. In the outermost cells, actin bundles ran underneath the basal plasma membrane to which they attached at both ends. In contrast, in the quiescent stage, actin bundles in the lower follicle were disposed radially toward the follicle surface where they terminated perpendicular to the basal plasma membrane. In the middle follicle, circumferential actin bundles were found only in the intermediate layer of the outer root sheath throughout the hair cycle. Immunofluorescent anti-myosin and anti-alpha-actinin staining showed a striated pattern along actin bundles. Vinculin was localized at both ends of actin bundles, corresponding to the cell-to-cell or cell-to-substrate adherens junctions. Glycerinated follicles changed in shape on the addition of MgATP, suggesting a contraction of actin bundles. From these observations, we conclude that actin bundles in the hair follicle are comparable to stress fibers and that they serve as a tensile scaffold for the growth and integrity of the follicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Furumura
- Department of Anatomy, Gunma University School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371, Japan
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26
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Imayama S, Furumura M, Hori Y. Deposition of basic fibroblast growth factor on surface of epidermal melanocytes suggesting the stromal control of epidermal pigmentation. Pigment Cell Res 1994; 7:170-4. [PMID: 7971750 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0749.1994.tb00045.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Scanning electron microscopy with immunogold labeling was used to demonstrate the in vivo distribution of molecules of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) that were expressed and/or present on the surface of the cells of the normal epidermis and dermal connective tissue of humans. We found that molecules of bFGF, seen as deposits of gold particles, were present densely on the surfaces of the melanocytes but not the epidermal keratinocytes. In connective tissue, these molecules were present exclusively on the surfaces of the fibroblasts, macrophages, vascular endothelial cells, and the basement membrane surrounding the endothelial tube. The selective deposition of bFGF molecules on the melanocytes suggests that the dermal connective tissue may be involved in controlling the proliferation of melanocytes by means of bFGF molecules in vivo, since these melanocytes require bFGF to proliferate in vitro. The latter is synthesized and stored exclusively in the connective tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Imayama
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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27
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Furumura M, Imayama S, Hori Y. Epidermolysis bullosa herpetiformis (Dowling-Meara type) exhibits ultrastructural derangement of tonofilaments and desmosomes. Arch Dermatol Res 1994; 286:233-41. [PMID: 8060153 DOI: 10.1007/bf00387594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies of clinically intact skin obtained from three severe neonatal cases of epidermolysis bullosa herpetiformis (Dowling-Meara type) demonstrated disorders in the assembly of keratin intermediate filaments and desmosomes of the keratinocytes. During mitosis, K5- and K14-positive and K1- and K10-negative tonofilaments were disrupted and formed spherical bodies associated with intracytoplasmic desmosomes by invagination of the desmosomes and the adjacent plasma membrane. During the invagination process, destructive changes in the internalized membrane were noted. These were accompanied by gradual loss of reactivity with a monoclonal antibody ZK31, which detected plasma membrane adjacent to the attachment plaques of desmosomes. However, the reactivity of the attachment plaques of the internalized desmosomes for desmoplakins and desmoglein did not decline during the process of internalization. In the suprabasal layers of the epidermis, filamentous substructures and K1 and K10 appeared at the periphery of the spherical bodies. Simultaneously, the desmosomes that were sparsely located in the lower epidermis, increased in number as cell differentiation progressed. Thus, the keratinocytes attained an almost normal appearance with respect to tonofilaments and desmosomes by the time they reached the upper layer of the epidermis. These findings may be relevant to the mechanism responsible for the clinical appearance of the herpetiform blisters in epidermolysis bullosa herpetiformis, which are also characterized by spontaneous involution during childhood or when exposed to high ambient temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Furumura
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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28
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Furumura M, Imayama S, Hori Y. Three neonatal cases of epidermolysis bullosa herpetiformis (Dowling-Meara type) with severe erosive skin lesions. J Am Acad Dermatol 1993; 28:859-61. [PMID: 8491881 DOI: 10.1016/0190-9622(93)70118-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We describe three neonates who had large eroded areas of skin on their extremities. The clinical course and ultrastructural findings were consistent with a diagnosis of epidermolysis bullosa herpetiformis (Dowling-Meara type). In each case blisters developed around eroded areas after birth and enlarged centrifugally in a herpetiform fashion. One patient died of sepsis at 8 days of age. In the two survivors blister formation subsided gradually within 1 year. Ultrastructural studies confirmed intraepidermal blister formation associated with spheric aggregates of tonofilaments in the lower epidermis. Spheric aggregates were also found in clinically uninvolved skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Furumura
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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29
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Urabe A, Furumura M, Imayama S, Nakayama J, Hori Y. Identification of a cell layer containing alpha-smooth muscle actin in the connective tissue sheath of human anagen hair. Arch Dermatol Res 1992; 284:246-9. [PMID: 1417073 DOI: 10.1007/bf00375803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Immunohistochemical and immunoelectron microscopy studies revealed the presence of alpha-smooth muscle (alpha-SM) actin in fibroblasts located in the connective tissue sheath (CTS) of human anagen hair follicles. Immunostaining was positive from the base of the bulb to the upper part of the lower portion of the mature anagen hair follicles. The late catagen hair follicles did not stain. Ultrastructurally, alpha-SM actin was detected only in the fibroblasts located in the innermost layer of the transverse collagenous fibres. Since alpha-SM actin is located in cells with contractile potential, this newly identified layer may play an important role in the morphological changes of the lower portion of the hair follicle during the hair growth cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Urabe
- Department of Dermatology, Kyushu University, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
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Imayama S, Furumura M, Hori Y. Differential localization of ICAM-1 and HLA-DR expression on epidermal basal surface in mycosis fungoides and lichenoid reaction. Exp Dermatol 1992; 1:134-40. [PMID: 1365313 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.1992.tb00005.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Scanning electron microscopy with immunogold labeling revealed that epidermal keratinocytes expressed ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1) and HLA-DR molecules on their surfaces in patterns that differed in mycosis fungoides (MF) and lichenoid reaction (LR). ICAM-1 molecules, visualized as deposits of gold particle, were visualized as clusters adjacent to the junctions interconnecting the keratinocytes of MF lesions. LFA-1 (leukocyte function-associated antigen-1) molecules were seen as granules on the surfaces of all infiltrates, most of which also expressed ICAM-1. HLA-DR molecules were seen continuously along the borders of the individual keratinocytes, thus producing a cobblestone appearance on the epidermal undersurface. In contrast, ICAM-1 and HLA-DR were found only sparsely on the undersurface of the epidermis from LR. These findings may help to explain the differing histological features of MF and LR: ICAM-1 molecules present on the intercellular junctions of MF epidermis lead the LFA-1-bearing cells to migrate into the interspaces, thus producing epidermotropism. These cells aggregate by means of co-expressed ICAM-1 to thus produce Pautrier's microabscess. In LR, the minimal expression of ICAm-1 on the epidermal undersurface leaves most infiltrates within the dermis, thus producing a band-like infiltrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Imayama
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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