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Schöffski P, Wozniak A, Kasper B, Aamdal S, Leahy MG, Rutkowski P, Bauer S, Gelderblom H, Italiano A, Lindner LH, Hennig I, Strauss S, Zakotnik B, Anthoney A, Albiges L, Blay JY, Reichardt P, Sufliarsky J, van der Graaf WTA, Debiec-Rychter M, Sciot R, Van Cann T, Marréaud S, Raveloarivahy T, Collette S, Stacchiotti S. Activity and safety of crizotinib in patients with alveolar soft part sarcoma with rearrangement of TFE3: European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) phase II trial 90101 'CREATE'. Ann Oncol 2019; 29:758-765. [PMID: 29216400 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) is an orphan malignancy associated with a rearrangement of transcription factor E3 (TFE3), leading to abnormal MET gene expression. We prospectively assessed the efficacy and safety of the MET tyrosine kinase inhibitor crizotinib in patients with advanced or metastatic ASPS. Patients and methods Eligible patients with reference pathology-confirmed ASPS received oral crizotinib 250 mg bd. By assessing the presence or absence of a TFE3 rearrangement, patients were attributed to MET+ and MET- sub-cohorts. The primary end point was the objective response rate (ORR) according to local investigator. Secondary end points included duration of response, disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS), progression-free rate, overall survival (OS) and safety. Results Among 53 consenting patients, all had a centrally confirmed ASPS and 48 were treated. A total of 45 were eligible, treated and assessable. Among 40 MET+ patients, 1 achieved a confirmed partial response (PR) that lasted 215 days and 35 had stable disease (SD) as best response (ORR: 2.5%, 95% CI 0.6% to 80.6%). Further efficacy end points in MET+ cases were DCR: 90.0% (95% CI 76.3% to 97.2%), 1-year PFS rate: 37.5% (95% CI 22.9% to 52.1%) and 1-year OS rate: 97.4% (95% CI 82.8% to 99.6%). Among 4 MET- patients, 1 achieved a PR that lasted 801 days and 3 had SD (ORR: 25.0%, 95% CI 0.6% to 80.6%) for a DCR of 100% (95% CI 39.8% to 100.0%). The 1-year PFS rate in MET- cases was 50% (95% CI 5.8% to 84.5%) and the 1-year OS rate was 75% (95% CI 12.8% to 96.1%). One patient with unknown MET status due to technical failure achieved SD but stopped treatment due to progression after 17 cycles. The most common crizotinib-related adverse events were nausea [34/48 (70.8%)], vomiting [22/48 (45.8%)], blurred vision [22/48 (45.8%)], diarrhoea (20/48 (41.7%)] and fatigue [19/48 (39.6%)]. Conclusion According to European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) efficacy criteria for soft tissue sarcoma, our study demonstrated that crizotinib has activity in TFE3 rearranged ASPS MET+ patients. Clinical trial number EORTC 90101, NCT01524926.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Schöffski
- Department of General Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - A Wozniak
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - B Kasper
- Sarcoma Unit, Interdisciplinary Tumor Center, Mannheim University Medical Center, Mannheim, Germany
| | - S Aamdal
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - M G Leahy
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - P Rutkowski
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute - Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - S Bauer
- Department of Internal Medicine, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - H Gelderblom
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A Italiano
- Sarcoma Unit, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
| | - L H Lindner
- Medical Clinic III, University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - I Hennig
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - S Strauss
- Department of Oncology, University College Hospital, London, UK
| | - B Zakotnik
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - A Anthoney
- Institute of Oncology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals National Health Service Trust, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - L Albiges
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif
| | - J-Y Blay
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, France
| | - P Reichardt
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, HELIOS Klinikum Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - W T A van der Graaf
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M Debiec-Rychter
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - R Sciot
- University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pathology, KU Leuven; Leuven, Belgium
| | - T Van Cann
- Department of General Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S Marréaud
- European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium
| | - T Raveloarivahy
- European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Collette
- European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Stacchiotti
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Fondazione Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milano, Italy
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Schöffski P, Wozniak A, Stacchiotti S, Rutkowski P, Blay JY, Lindner LH, Strauss SJ, Anthoney A, Duffaud F, Richter S, Grünwald V, Leahy MG, Reichardt P, Sufliarsky J, van der Graaf WT, Sciot R, Debiec-Rychter M, van Cann T, Marréaud S, Lia M, Raveloarivahy T, Collette L, Bauer S. Activity and safety of crizotinib in patients with advanced clear-cell sarcoma with MET alterations: European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer phase II trial 90101 'CREATE'. Ann Oncol 2019; 30:344. [PMID: 29741569 PMCID: PMC6386024 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Schöffski P, Wozniak A, Stacchiotti S, Rutkowski P, Blay JY, Lindner LH, Strauss SJ, Anthoney A, Duffaud F, Richter S, Grünwald V, Leahy MG, Reichardt P, Sufliarsky J, van der Graaf WT, Sciot R, Debiec-Rychter M, van Cann T, Marréaud S, Lia M, Raveloarivahy T, Collette L, Bauer S. Activity and safety of crizotinib in patients with advanced clear-cell sarcoma with MET alterations: European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer phase II trial 90101 'CREATE'. Ann Oncol 2018; 28:3000-3008. [PMID: 28950372 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clear-cell sarcoma (CCSA) is an orphan malignancy, characterized by a specific t(12;22) translocation, leading to rearrangement of the EWSR1 gene and overexpression of MET. We prospectively investigated the efficacy and safety of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor crizotinib in patients with advanced or metastatic CCSA. Patients and methods Patients with CCSA received oral crizotinib 250 mg twice daily. Primary end point was objective response rate (ORR), secondary end points included duration of response, disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS), progression-free rate (PFR), overall survival (OS), OS rate and safety. The study design focused on MET+ disease with documented rearrangement of the EWSR1 gene by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Results Among 43 consenting patients with the local diagnosis of CCSA, 36 had centrally confirmed CCSA, 28 of whom were eligible, treated and assessable. Twenty-six out of the 28 patients had MET+ disease, of whom one achieved a confirmed partial response and 17 had stable disease (SD) (ORR 3.8%, 95% confidence interval: 0.1-19.6). Further efficacy end points in MET+ CCSA were DCR: 69.2% (48.2% to 85.7%), median PFS: 131 days (49-235), median OS: 277 days (232-442). The 3-, 6-, 12- and 24-month PFR was 53.8% (34.6-73.0), 26.9% (9.8-43.9), 7.7% (1.3-21.7) and 7.7% (1.3-21.7), respectively. Among two assessable MET- patients, one had stable disease and one had progression. The most common treatment-related adverse events were nausea [18/34 (52.9%)], fatigue [17/34 (50.0%)], vomiting [12/34 (35.3%)], diarrhoea [11/34 (32.4%)], constipation [9/34 (26.5%)] and blurred vision [7/34 (20.6%)]. Conclusions The PFS with crizotinib in MET+ CCSA is similar to results achieved first-line in non-selected metastatic soft tissue sarcomas with single-agent doxorubicin. The PFS is similar to results achieved with pazopanib in previously treated sarcoma patients. Clinical trial number EORTC 90101, EudraCT number 2011-001988-52, NCT01524926.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Schöffski
- Department of General Medical Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven.,Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - A Wozniak
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S Stacchiotti
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Fondazione Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - P Rutkowski
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute, Warsaw.,Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J-Y Blay
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard & Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, France
| | - L H Lindner
- Medical Clinic III, University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - S J Strauss
- Department of Oncology, University College London Hospital NHS Trust, London
| | - A Anthoney
- Institute of Oncology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals National Health Service Trust, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - F Duffaud
- Department of Medical Oncology, CHU la Timone Boulevard J Moulin Marseille, Marseille.,Aix Marseille University (AMU), Marseille, France
| | - S Richter
- University Cancer Center, Dresden.,Medical Department I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden
| | - V Grünwald
- Department of Haematology, Haemostasis and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - M G Leahy
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - P Reichardt
- HELIOS Klinikum Berlin-Buch, Sarcoma Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - W T van der Graaf
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - R Sciot
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven
| | | | - T van Cann
- Department of General Medical Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven.,Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S Marréaud
- European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Lia
- European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium
| | - T Raveloarivahy
- European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium
| | - L Collette
- European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Bauer
- Department of Internal Medicine, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
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De Santis M, Bellmunt J, Mead G, Kerst JM, Leahy MG, Daugaard G, Gil T, Maroto JP, Marreaud S, Sylvester R. Randomized phase II/III trial comparing gemcitabine/carboplatin (GC) and methotrexate/carboplatin/vinblastine (M-CAVI) in patients (pts) with advanced urothelial cancer (UC) unfit for cisplatin-based chemotherapy (CHT): Phase III results of EORTC study 30986. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.18_suppl.lba4519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
LBA4519 Background: About 50% of pts with advanced UC are not eligible for cisplatin based CHT (“unfit”) due to impaired renal function, performance status (PS) or comorbidity. This is the first randomized phase II/III trial comparing two chemotherapy regimens in this pts group. Methods: The primary objective of the phase III part of this study was to compare the overall survival (OS) of CHT naïve pts with measurable disease and an impaired renal function (GFR<60 but >30 ml/min) and/or PS 2 who were randomized to receive either GC (G 1000 mg/m2 d1 and 8 and C AUC 4.5) q21 days or M-CAVI (M 30 mg/m2 d1 and 15 and 22, C AUC 4.5 d1 and VI 3 mg/m2 d1 and 15 and 22) q28 days. In order to detect an increase of 50% in median survival on GC compared to M-CAVI (13.5 versus 9 months) based on a two sided logrank test at error rates alpha=0.05 and beta=0.20, 225 pts were required. Secondary endpoints were overall response rate (ORR) and progression free survival (PFS). Results: 238 pts, 119 in each arm, were randomized between January 2001 and March 2008 by 29 institutions. The median follow-up is 4.5 years. Two pts were ineligible and two other pts never started treatment. Best ORRs (CR + PR) were 41.2% (36.1% confirmed response) on GC versus 30.3% (21.0% confirmed response) on M-CAVI (p = 0.08). Median OS was 9.3 months on GC and 8.1 months on M-CAVI (p = 0.64). There was no difference in PFS between the two arms (p = 0.78). OS, PFS and ORR were similar in each of the risk groups (reason unfit for cisplatin and Bajorin risk group). Severe acute toxicity (SAT) (death, grade 4 thrombocytopenia with bleeding, or grade 3/4 renal toxicity, neutropenic fever or mucositis) was observed in 9.3% of pts on GC (2 toxic deaths) and 21.2% on M-CAVI (4 toxic deaths). The most common grade 3/4 toxicities were leucopenia (44.9%, 46.6%), neutropenia (52.5%, 63.5%), febrile neutropenia (4.2%, 14.4%), thrombocytopenia (48.3%, 19.4%), and infection (11.8%, 12.7%) on GC and M-CAVI, respectively. Conclusions: There were no significant differences in efficacy between the two treatment groups. The incidence of SATs was slightly higher on M-CAVI. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- M. De Santis
- ACR-ITR VIEnna/CEADDP, LBI-ACR VIEnna, and KFJ-Spital, Vienna, Austria; Hospital del Mar, IMIM, Barcelona, Spain; Royal South Hants Hospital, Southhampton, United Kingdom; The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; St. James Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium; Hospital Santa Creu, Barcelona, Spain; EORTC Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium
| | - J. Bellmunt
- ACR-ITR VIEnna/CEADDP, LBI-ACR VIEnna, and KFJ-Spital, Vienna, Austria; Hospital del Mar, IMIM, Barcelona, Spain; Royal South Hants Hospital, Southhampton, United Kingdom; The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; St. James Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium; Hospital Santa Creu, Barcelona, Spain; EORTC Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium
| | - G. Mead
- ACR-ITR VIEnna/CEADDP, LBI-ACR VIEnna, and KFJ-Spital, Vienna, Austria; Hospital del Mar, IMIM, Barcelona, Spain; Royal South Hants Hospital, Southhampton, United Kingdom; The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; St. James Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium; Hospital Santa Creu, Barcelona, Spain; EORTC Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium
| | - J. M. Kerst
- ACR-ITR VIEnna/CEADDP, LBI-ACR VIEnna, and KFJ-Spital, Vienna, Austria; Hospital del Mar, IMIM, Barcelona, Spain; Royal South Hants Hospital, Southhampton, United Kingdom; The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; St. James Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium; Hospital Santa Creu, Barcelona, Spain; EORTC Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M. G. Leahy
- ACR-ITR VIEnna/CEADDP, LBI-ACR VIEnna, and KFJ-Spital, Vienna, Austria; Hospital del Mar, IMIM, Barcelona, Spain; Royal South Hants Hospital, Southhampton, United Kingdom; The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; St. James Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium; Hospital Santa Creu, Barcelona, Spain; EORTC Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium
| | - G. Daugaard
- ACR-ITR VIEnna/CEADDP, LBI-ACR VIEnna, and KFJ-Spital, Vienna, Austria; Hospital del Mar, IMIM, Barcelona, Spain; Royal South Hants Hospital, Southhampton, United Kingdom; The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; St. James Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium; Hospital Santa Creu, Barcelona, Spain; EORTC Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium
| | - T. Gil
- ACR-ITR VIEnna/CEADDP, LBI-ACR VIEnna, and KFJ-Spital, Vienna, Austria; Hospital del Mar, IMIM, Barcelona, Spain; Royal South Hants Hospital, Southhampton, United Kingdom; The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; St. James Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium; Hospital Santa Creu, Barcelona, Spain; EORTC Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium
| | - J. P. Maroto
- ACR-ITR VIEnna/CEADDP, LBI-ACR VIEnna, and KFJ-Spital, Vienna, Austria; Hospital del Mar, IMIM, Barcelona, Spain; Royal South Hants Hospital, Southhampton, United Kingdom; The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; St. James Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium; Hospital Santa Creu, Barcelona, Spain; EORTC Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium
| | - S. Marreaud
- ACR-ITR VIEnna/CEADDP, LBI-ACR VIEnna, and KFJ-Spital, Vienna, Austria; Hospital del Mar, IMIM, Barcelona, Spain; Royal South Hants Hospital, Southhampton, United Kingdom; The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; St. James Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium; Hospital Santa Creu, Barcelona, Spain; EORTC Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium
| | - R. Sylvester
- ACR-ITR VIEnna/CEADDP, LBI-ACR VIEnna, and KFJ-Spital, Vienna, Austria; Hospital del Mar, IMIM, Barcelona, Spain; Royal South Hants Hospital, Southhampton, United Kingdom; The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; St. James Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium; Hospital Santa Creu, Barcelona, Spain; EORTC Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium
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Sleijfer S, Ouali M, Van Glabbeke M, Krarup-Hansen A, Leahy MG, Rodenhuis S, Le Cesne A, Hogendoorn PC, Verweij J, Blay JY. Prognostic and predictive factors for outcome to first-line ifosfamide-containing therapy (IFM) in patients (pts) with advanced soft tissue sarcomas (STS) treated in EORTC-STBSG studies. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.10509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Rapley EA, Hockley S, Warren W, Johnson L, Huddart R, Crockford G, Forman D, Leahy MG, Oliver DT, Tucker K, Friedlander M, Phillips KA, Hogg D, Jewett MAS, Lohynska R, Daugaard G, Richard S, Heidenreich A, Geczi L, Bodrogi I, Olah E, Ormiston WJ, Daly PA, Looijenga LHJ, Guilford P, Aass N, Fosså SD, Heimdal K, Tjulandin SA, Liubchenko L, Stoll H, Weber W, Einhorn L, Weber BL, McMaster M, Greene MH, Bishop DT, Easton D, Stratton MR. Somatic mutations of KIT in familial testicular germ cell tumours. Br J Cancer 2004; 90:2397-401. [PMID: 15150569 PMCID: PMC2410291 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic mutations of the KIT gene have been reported in mast cell diseases and gastrointestinal stromal tumours. Recently, they have also been found in mediastinal and testicular germ cell tumours (TGCTs), particularly in cases with bilateral disease. We screened the KIT coding sequence (except exon 1) for germline mutations in 240 pedigrees with two or more cases of TGCT. No germline mutations were found. Exons 10, 11 and 17 of KIT were examined for somatic mutations in 123 TGCT from 93 multiple-case testicular cancer families. Five somatic mutations were identified; four were missense amino-acid substitutions in exon 17 and one was a 12 bp in-frame deletion in exon 11. Two of seven TGCT from cases with bilateral disease carried KIT mutations compared with three out of 116 unilateral cases (P=0.026). The results indicate that somatic KIT mutations are implicated in the development of a minority of familial as well as sporadic TGCT. They also lend support to the hypothesis that KIT mutations primarily take place during embryogenesis such that primordial germ cells with KIT mutations are distributed to both testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Rapley
- Section of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, Brookes Lawley Building, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK.
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Leahy MG, Tonks S, Moses JH, Brett AR, Huddart R, Forman D, Oliver RT, Bishop DT, Bodmer JG. Candidate regions for a testicular cancer susceptibility gene. Hum Mol Genet 1995; 4:1551-5. [PMID: 8541838 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/4.9.1551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological data suggest the presence of a susceptibility gene for testicular cancer in some families. Families with multiple cases of testicular cancer are rare and almost all those reported have only two affected members. We have performed a sib-pair analysis on 35 families in which there are either two or three affected brothers. These families have been typed for 220 autosomal microsatellite markers spaced 10-20 cM throughout the genome. Six regions which gave a LOD score of more than 1.0 on formal linkage analysis or a P value of 0.05 or less using a non-parametric approach are considered as candidate regions for a susceptibility gene. Of particular interest is one region on chromosome 4. Two neighbouring probes in this region both scored positively with LOD score of 2.60 on multipoint analysis. An International Testis Cancer Linkage Consortium has been formed to pool resources and will investigate these findings further with the world-wide collection of families.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Leahy
- Tissue Antigen Laboratory, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, London, UK
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Huddart RA, Leahy MG. Screening for testicular cancer. Familial predisposition ignored. BMJ 1994; 309:665. [PMID: 8086998 PMCID: PMC2541476 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.309.6955.665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Leahy MG, Pitfield D, Popert S, Gallagher CJ, Oliver RT. Phase I study comparing continuous infusion of recombinant interleukin-2 by subcutaneous or intravenous administration. Eur J Cancer 1992; 28A:1049-51. [PMID: 1627372 DOI: 10.1016/0959-8049(92)90453-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
22 cancer patients entered a randomised phase Ib trial comparing the effects of low-dose recombinant interleukin-2 (300 micrograms/m2, approximately equivalent to 6.4 x 10(6) cetus units or 38 x 10(6) U per day) given continuously by intravenous or subcutaneous infusion. At 48 h after two 5-day courses, median lymphocyte levels (x 10(9)/l) were 6.0 (387% increase) in the subcutaneous arm (n = 9) and 5.9 (369% increase) in the intravenous arm (n = 8). Liver and renal toxicity were similar in the two groups. One minor response lasting 4 months occurred in 12 renal cancer/melanoma patients receiving subcutaneous treatment and one durable complete remission continuing at 30 months and one minor response lasting 10 months occurred in 6 renal cancer/melanoma patients receiving intravenous treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Leahy
- Royal London Hospital Medical College, Department of Medical Oncology, Whitechapel, U.K
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Leahy MG, Booth KS. Attraction of metastriate ticks (acari: Ixodidae) to the sex pheromone 2,6-dichlorophenol and to substituted phenols. J Med Entomol 1983; 20:104-105. [PMID: 6827569 DOI: 10.1093/jmedent/20.1.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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Obenchain FD, Leahy MG, Oliver MH. Implications of tick size on the quantifications of engorgement in female Dermacentor variabilis. J Parasitol 1980; 66:282-6. [PMID: 7391869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Log-log plots of unfed and fed tick weight on corresponding values of the scutal index (SI = scutal length x scutal width) show similar slopes for female D. variabilis from two laboratory populations. As derived from these plots, the relative engorgement state of a tick at any time during feeding can be expressed as the ratio of the cube roote of weight to the square root of the scutal index (RES = W1/3 divided by SI 1/2), where SI serves as an independent measure of tick size. After feeding for specified periods, mean population fed-weights are not statistically different, but differences between mean population RES ratios are highly significant. When SI is used as a covariate, differences between mean population fed-weights are also highly significant. Tests of mean log-fed-weight and mean RES values show that the effects of individual rabbit hosts on feeding performance are highly significant, but the statistic associated with differences between RES means is higher than that between log-fed-weight means. We conclude that differences in tick engorgement behaviors are measured more sensitively by RES ratios than by engorgement weights.
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Abstract
The initial pattern of oogenesis after a feed is similar for mated and unmated A. persicus. The peak number of mature oocytes within the females occurred on the seventh day at 30 °C. Both groups ovulated but only mated females oviposited.
At the end of the first week the mature eggs of unmated females began to undergo dissociation and resorption. The early onset of this process seems to exclude the presence of unlaid eggs as a factor inhibiting ovarian maturation.
Many more eggs matured within the mated than the unmated female. After oviposition, the ovaries appear as in the unfed virgin except oocytes are fewer.
When the male was mated consecutively to the 7–8th virgin female, there was a decrease in the number of eggs laid. This indicates that the male factor(s) effecting oogenesis and oviposition act on a quantitative rather than an ‘all or none’ basis.
To determine whether a female was effectively mated, the ampulla must be checked for sperm. The reason for this is that the spermiophore capsules may be resorbed or may lack sperm.
Spermless spermiophores enhanced fecundity but did not effect oviposition.
There was evidence of mechanical influence on oocyte maturation when beads were introduced into the vagina of A. persicus. An increase in the number of beads increased the number of mature oocytes.
Chemical influence on oogenesis was demonstrated by injection of male gland complex into the body cavity of unmated females.
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Leahy MG, Lowe ML. Purification of the male factor increasing egg deposition in D. melanogaster. Life Sci 1967; 6:151-6. [PMID: 6030874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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