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Searle AK, Measey MA, Rudkin A, Hoq M, Rhodes A. Parental enablers and barriers for using rapid antigen tests for symptomatic or close contact children: a national survey of Australian parents. Public Health 2023; 222:e5-e6. [PMID: 35987731 PMCID: PMC9384457 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A K Searle
- School of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - M A Measey
- The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Health Services Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - A Rudkin
- The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Hoq
- The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - A Rhodes
- The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Health Services Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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Hoq M, Chang TMS. Preliminary feasibility study using a solution of synthetic enzymes to replace the natural enzymes in polyhemoglobin-catalase-superoxide dismutase-carbonic anhydrase: effect on warm ischemic hepatocyte cell culture. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1231384. [PMID: 37609114 PMCID: PMC10441215 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1231384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This is a study on a simple solution of chemically prepared small chemical molecules of synthetic enzymes: catalase, superoxide dismutase, and carbonic anhydrase (CAT, SOD, and CA). We carried out a study to see if these synthetic enzymes can replace the natural enzymes (CAT, SOD, and CA) and avoid the need for the complicated cross-linking of natural enzymes to PolyHb to form PolyHb-CAT-SOD-CA. We compared the effect a solution of these three synthetic enzymes has on the viability of warm-ischemic hepatocytes that were exposed to nitrogen for 1 h at 37°C. PolyHb significantly increased the viability. The three synthetic enzymes themselves also significantly increased the viability. The use of both PolyHb and the three synthetic enzymes resulted in an additive effect in the recovery of viability. Increasing the concentration of the synthetic enzymes resulted in further increase in the effect due to the synthetic enzymes. Implications: In addition to PolyHb, there are a number of other HBOC oxygen carriers. However, only Biopure's HBOC product has received regulatory approval, but only in Russia and South Africa. None of the HBOCs has received regulatory approval by other countries. If regulatory agencies require HBOCs to have antioxidant or CO2 transport properties, all that is needed is to add or inject the solution of synthetic enzymes as a separate component.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - T. M. S. Chang
- Artificial Cells and Organs Research Centre, Departments of Physiology, Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Gordon SF, Lam J, Vasquez JT, Cercone R, Tenneti N, Hart J, Chisholm M, Heland M, Hoq M, Kaufman J, Danchin M. A tailored COVID-19 vaccination pathway for children 5-11 years in Victoria, Australia. Vaccine 2023; 41:3436-3445. [PMID: 37120401 PMCID: PMC10106821 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Procedural anxiety was anticipated in children 5-11 years during the COVID-19 vaccine rollout in Victoria, Australia, as children in this age group receive few routine vaccines. Therefore, the Victorian state government designed a tailored, child-friendly vaccine program. This study aimed to assess parental satisfaction with elements of the bespoke vaccination pathway. METHODS The Victorian government and state-run vaccination hubs in Victoria facilitated an online immunisation plan to help parents identify their child's support needs, and utilised experienced paediatric staff and additional supports for children with severe needle distress and/or disability. All parents/guardians of children 5-11 years who received a COVID-19 vaccine in a vaccination hub were sent a 16-item feedback survey via text message. RESULTS Between 9 February and 31 May 2022 there were 9203 responses; 865 children (9.4%) had a first language other than English, 499 (5.4%) had a disability or special needs, and 142 (1.5%) were Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander. Most parents (94.4%; 8687/9203) rated their satisfaction with the program as very good or excellent. The immunisation plan was used by 13.5% (1244/9203) of respondents, with usage more common for Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander children (26.1%; 23/88) or families with a first language other than English (23.5%; 42/179). The child-friendly staff (88.5%, 255/288) and themed environment (66.3%, 191/288) were the most valued measures for vaccination. Additional support measures were required by 1.6% (150/9203) of children in the general population and 7.9%, (17/261) of children with a disability and/or special needs. CONCLUSION A tailored COVID-19 vaccination program for children 5-11 years, with additional support for children with severe needle distress and/or disability, had high parental satisfaction. This model could be utilised for COVID-19 vaccination in pre-school children and for routine childhood vaccination programs to provide optimal support to children and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Gordon
- COVID-19 Vaccination Program, Department of Health, 50 Lonsdale Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia; Vaccine Uptake Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| | - J Lam
- COVID-19 Vaccination Program, Department of Health, 50 Lonsdale Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - J T Vasquez
- COVID-19 Vaccination Program, Department of Health, 50 Lonsdale Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - R Cercone
- COVID-19 Vaccination Program, Department of Health, 50 Lonsdale Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - N Tenneti
- COVID-19 Vaccination Program, Department of Health, 50 Lonsdale Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - J Hart
- COVID-19 Vaccination Program, Department of Health, 50 Lonsdale Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - M Chisholm
- COVID-19 Vaccination Program, Department of Health, 50 Lonsdale Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - M Heland
- COVID-19 Vaccination Program, Department of Health, 50 Lonsdale Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - M Hoq
- Vaccine Uptake Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - J Kaufman
- Vaccine Uptake Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - M Danchin
- COVID-19 Vaccination Program, Department of Health, 50 Lonsdale Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia; Vaccine Uptake Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia; Department of General Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
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Blacklock C, McGlasson C, Chew D, Murfitt K, Hoq M. Challenges in measuring gender identity among transgender, gender diverse, and non-binary young people. Public Health 2021; 200:e4-e5. [PMID: 34666905 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2021.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Blacklock
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; Swinburne University of Technology, John St, Hawthorn, VIC, 2133, Australia
| | - C McGlasson
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - D Chew
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; The Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; Department of Medicine, Austin Health, 145 Studley Rd, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - K Murfitt
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; The University of Melbourne, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - M Hoq
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; The Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
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Armiento R, Hoq M, Kua E, Crawford N, Perrett K, Elia S, Danchin M. Impact of Australian mandatory policies on immunisation services, parental attitudes to vaccination and vaccine uptake in a tertiary paediatric hospital. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
'No Jab, No Play' and 'No Jab, No Pay' mandatory immunisation policies were introduced in the state of Victoria and Australia nationally in January 2016. They restrict access to childcare/kindergarten and family assistance payments respectively, for under-vaccinated children. We aimed to describe the proportion of attendees to immunisation services of a tertiary hospital, the Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne (RCH), who were motivated by the policies to discuss or catch up vaccination. We also explored the association between policy motivation, vaccine hesitancy (VH) and intent to seek medical exemption, with vaccine-uptake. Referrals to the Specialist Immunisation Clinic (SIC) were also reviewed.
Methods
Parents/Guardians and clinicians completed surveys October 2016-May 2017 from the nurse-led immunisation Drop in Centre (DIC) or physician-led SIC. Vaccine-uptake was measured using the Australian Immunisation Register at baseline, 1 and 7 months post-attendance. The association between vaccine-uptake, policy motivation and VH was explored by logistic regression.
Results
Of 607 children included, 393 (65%) were from the DIC and 214 (35%) SIC. 74 (12%) of parents were motivated by the policies to attend immunisation services and 19% were VH. Only 50% of VH parents planned to catch-up vaccination for enrolment to childcare/kindergarten. Fewer children were fully immunised at 7 months if their parents were VH (difference 18%; OR 0.24, CI 0.1-0.54,p<0.001) or seeking medical exemption (difference 33%, OR 0.08, CI 0.01-0.6, p 0.015).
Conclusions
The 'No Jab' policies motivated attendance to a tertiary immunisation service but children of vaccine hesitant parents and those seeking medical exemption to immunisation were less likely to be fully immunised post attendance, compared to baseline. These data will be used to inform a comprehensive evaluation of the impact of the policies, particularly the educational impact from loss of early childhood education.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Armiento
- Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M Hoq
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - E Kua
- Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - N Crawford
- Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - K Perrett
- Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - S Elia
- Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M Danchin
- Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Abstract
Aims Displaced fractures of the lateral condyle of the humerus are frequently managed surgically with the aim of avoiding nonunion, malunion, disturbances of growth and later arthritis. The ideal method of fixation is however not known, and treatment varies between surgeons and hospitals. The aim of this study was to compare the outcome of two well-established forms of surgical treatment, Kirschner wire (K-wire) and screw fixation. Patients and Methods A retrospective cohort study of children who underwent surgical treatment for a fracture of the lateral condyle of the humerus between January 2005 and December 2014 at two centres was undertaken. Pre, intraoperative and postoperative characteristics were evaluated. A total of 336 children were included in the study. Their mean age at the time of injury was 5.8 years (0 to 15) with a male:female patient ratio of 3:2. A total of 243 (72%) had a Milch II fracture and the fracture was displaced by > 2 mm in 228 (68%). In all, 235 patients underwent K-wire fixation and 101 had screw fixation. Results There was a higher rate of nonunion with K-wire fixation (p = 0.02). There was no difference in Baumann's angle, carrying angle or the rate of major complications between the two groups. No benefit was obtained by immobilizing the elbow for more than four weeks in either group. No short-term complications were seen when fixation crossed the lateral ossific nucleus. Conclusion Fixation of lateral condylar humeral fractures in children using either K-wires or screws gives satisfactory results. Proponents of both techniques may find justification of their methods in our data, but prospective, randomized trials with long-term follow-up are required to confirm the findings, which suggest a higher rate of nonunion with K-wire fixation. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:387-95.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ganeshalingam
- The Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - A Donnan
- The Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - O Evans
- Sheffield Children's Hospital, Western Bank, Sheffield, UK
| | - M Hoq
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - M Camp
- The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G1X8, Canada
| | - L Donnan
- The Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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Danchin MH, Costa-Pinto J, Attwell K, Willaby H, Wiley K, Hoq M, Leask J, Perrett KP, O'Keefe J, Giles ML, Marshall H. Vaccine decision-making begins in pregnancy: Correlation between vaccine concerns, intentions and maternal vaccination with subsequent childhood vaccine uptake. Vaccine 2017; 36:6473-6479. [PMID: 28811050 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Maternal and childhood vaccine decision-making begins prenatally. Amongst pregnant Australian women we aimed to ascertain vaccine information received, maternal immunisation uptake and attitudes and concerns regarding childhood vaccination. We also aimed to determine any correlation between a) intentions and concerns regarding childhood vaccination, (b) concerns about pregnancy vaccination, (c) socioeconomic status (SES) and (d) uptake of influenza and pertussis vaccines during pregnancy and routine vaccines during childhood. METHODS Women attending public antenatal clinics were recruited in three Australian states. Surveys were completed on iPads. Follow-up phone surveys were done three to six months post delivery, and infant vaccination status obtained via the Australian Childhood Immunisation Register (ACIR). RESULTS Between October 2015 and March 2016, 975 (82%) of 1184 mothers consented and 406 (42%) agreed to a follow up survey, post delivery. First-time mothers (445; 49%) had significantly more vaccine concerns in pregnancy and only 73% had made a decision about childhood vaccination compared to 89% of mothers with existing children (p-value<0.001). 66% of mothers reported receiving enough information during pregnancy on childhood vaccination. In the post delivery survey, 46% and 82% of mothers reported receiving pregnancy influenza and pertussis vaccines respectively. The mother's degree of vaccine hesitancy and two attitudinal factors were correlated with vaccine uptake post delivery. There was no association between reported maternal vaccine uptake or SES and childhood vaccine uptake. CONCLUSION First time mothers are more vaccine hesitant and undecided about childhood vaccination, and only two thirds of all mothers believed they received enough information during pregnancy. New interventions to improve both education and communication on childhood and maternal vaccines, delivered by midwives and obstetricians in the Australian public hospital system, may reduce vaccine hesitancy for all mothers in pregnancy and post delivery, particularly first-time mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Danchin
- Vaccine and Immunisation Research Group, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Australia; Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital, Australia; School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia.
| | - J Costa-Pinto
- Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital, Australia
| | - K Attwell
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Western Australia, Australia; Sir Walter Murdoch School of Public Policy and International Affairs, Murdoch University, Australia
| | - H Willaby
- Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - K Wiley
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Australia
| | - M Hoq
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Australia
| | - J Leask
- Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia; National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Australia
| | - K P Perrett
- Vaccine and Immunisation Research Group, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Australia; Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital, Australia; School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jacinta O'Keefe
- Vaccine and Immunisation Research Group, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Australia
| | - M L Giles
- The Alfred Hospital, Royal Women's Hospital and Monash Health and Monash University, Australia
| | - H Marshall
- Women's and Children's Hospital and Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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