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Leder SB, Sasaki CT, Burrell MI. A comment on "Incidence and patient characteristics associated with silent aspiration in the acute care setting" (Dysphagia 14:1-7, 1999). Dysphagia 1999; 14:183. [PMID: 10341118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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2
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Neitlich
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Neitlich
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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4
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Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate tracheotomy tube occlusion status and prevalence of aspiration utilizing videofluoroscopy. A prospective study was done of 16 consecutive, early, postsurgical head and neck cancer patients with tracheotomy. Selection criteria included the ability to tolerate tracheotomy tube occlusion prior to and during the modified barium swallow procedure, oral and/or pharyngeal surgical resection, no history of neurological disease or stroke, and medical clearance to begin oral feeding. There was 100% agreement among the independent reviewers on ratings of the presence or absence of aspiration. It was found that occlusion status of the tracheotomy tube did not influence the prevalence of aspiration in the immediate postoperative period. No trends were observed when comparing bolus consistency, type of tracheotomy tube, or presence/absence of a nasogastric tube and the ratings of aspiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Leder
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06504, USA
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5
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Abstract
The traditional bedside dysphagia evaluation has not been able to identify silent aspiration because the pharyngeal phase of swallowing could not be objectively assessed. To date, only videofluoroscopy has been used to detect silent aspiration. This investigation assessed the aspiration status of 400 consecutive, at risk subjects by fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES). Our study demonstrated that 175 of 400 (44%) subjects were without aspiration, 115 of 400 (29%) exhibited aspiration with a cough reflex, and 110 of 400 (28%) aspirated silently. No significant differences were observed for age or gender and aspiration status. The FEES, done at bedside, avoids irradiation exposure, is repeatable as often as necessary, uses regular food, can be videotaped for review, and is a patient-friendly method of identifying silent aspiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Leder
- Department of Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06504, USA
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6
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Neitlich JD, Topazian M, Smith RC, Gupta A, Burrell MI, Rosenfield AT. Detection of choledocholithiasis: comparison of unenhanced helical CT and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Radiology 1997; 203:753-7. [PMID: 9169700 DOI: 10.1148/radiology.203.3.9169700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare unenhanced helical computed tomography (CT) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in the detection of common bile duct calculi. MATERIALS AND METHODS Within 13 months, 51 patients (aged 18-94 years) with clinically suspected choledocholithiasis underwent unenhanced helical CT immediately before undergoing ERCP. CT scans were evaluated for the presence of bile duct stones, ampullary stones, the gallbladder and gallbladder stones, intrahepatic biliary dilatation, and the size of the bile duct at the porta hepatis and in the pancreatic head. ERCP images were evaluated for the presence of bile duct or ampullary stones, as well as for biliary dilatation. RESULTS Unenhanced helical CT depicted common bile duct stones in 15 of 17 patients found to have stones at ERCP. Three patients had stones impacted at the ampulla, all of which were detected with CT. In addition, there was one false-positive finding at CT. CT had a sensitivity of 88%, a specificity of 97%, and an accuracy of 94% in the diagnosis of common bile duct stones. CONCLUSION Unenhanced helical CT is useful for evaluating suspected choledocholithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Neitlich
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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7
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Carter M, Deckmann RC, Smith RC, Burrell MI, Traube M. Differentiation of achalasia from pseudoachalasia by computed tomography. Am J Gastroenterol 1997; 92:624-8. [PMID: 9128311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine the computed tomography (CT) findings in idiopathic achalasia and in the pseudoachalasia of malignancy. METHODS We identified 12 patients with the manometric diagnosis of achalasia who also had CT scans available for review: eight had idiopathic achalasia, and four had pseudoachalasia. As controls, we selected nine patients with endoscopically obvious esophageal cancer who also had CT scans. The CT scans were blindly reviewed to determine esophageal wall thickness, symmetry of the esophageal wall, presence of esophageal dilation or mass, and a radiological diagnosis. RESULTS Six of the eight patients with achalasia had a dilated esophagus. Five had symmetric wall thickening >5 mm (range 7-10 mm) at the gastroesophageal junction. One patient with a 10-mm wall thickening was incorrectly diagnosed with a mass. All others were correctly diagnosed with achalasia. Three of the four patients with pseudoachalasia had esophageal dilation. Two had an obvious esophageal mass. The other two were given an indefinite diagnosis: one had asymmetric wall thickening (11 mm) at the gastroesophageal junction, and the other had symmetric thickening of 18 mm. Eight of the nine patients with obvious esophageal cancer had a mass on CT; the other patient had asymmetric wall thickening of 6 mm at the gastroesophageal junction and was given an indefinite diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Most achalasia patients have CT findings of esophageal dilation and mild, symmetric wall thickening. Therefore, symmetric esophageal wall thickening (<10 mm) should not dissuade one from the diagnosis of achalasia. Most pseudoachalasia patients have CT findings of esophageal dilation, more marked and/or asymmetric wall thickening, or mass. In this group, asymmetric or marked thickening (>10 mm) indicated pseudoachalasia. Therefore, CT can be helpful in differentiating between achalasia and the pseudoachalasia of malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carter
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8019, USA
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8
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Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of occlusion of a tracheotomy tube on aspiration utilizing fluoroscopy. Twenty consecutive tracheotomized patients referred for a modified barium swallow were included. Selection criteria were ability to tolerate tracheotomy tube occlusion during the modified barium swallow procedure, no surgery of the upper aerodigestive tract except tracheotomy, and no history of oropharyngeal cancer or stroke. There was 100% agreement among 3 independent reviewers on ratings of the presence or absence of aspiration. It was found that the occlusion status of the tracheotomy tube did not influence the prevalence of aspiration. Nine of 10 (90%) subjects who exhibited aspiration were over 65 years of age (mean = 72 years 2 months). No trends were observed for bolus consistency, type of tracheotomy tube, or presence/absence of a nasogastric tube and ratings of aspiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Leder
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, New Haven, CT 06504, USA
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Chutaputti A, Burrell MI, Boyer JL. Pseudotumor of the pancreas associated with retroperitoneal fibrosis: a dramatic response to corticosteroid therapy. Am J Gastroenterol 1995; 90:1155-8. [PMID: 7611217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A 69-yr-old man with a past medical history of aortic aneurysm and retroperitoneal fibrosis presented with obstructive jaundice and radiographic features suggesting sclerosing cholangitis and malignancy of the head of the pancreas. A presumptive diagnosis of chronic periaortitis was made, and a dramatic response to corticosteroid therapy was subsequently observed. The clinical course of seven additional patients with pseudotumor of the pancreas associated with retroperitoneal fibrosis is also reviewed; three of those patients also responded favorably to corticosteroid treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chutaputti
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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10
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Abstract
This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of vascular compression in manometric tracings and to determine whether these findings had any clinical significance. Vascular compression, defined as a localized area of elevated intraesophageal resting pressure > 4 mm Hg with superimposed cyclic pressure spikes with a frequency of 60-100/min, was noted in 55 of 241 consecutive tracings. The groups with and without vascular compression were similar with regard to mean age, sex, and prevalence of dysphagia. Radiographs were available for 29 of the 55 and showed compression in 18, but there was no relationship with the manometric findings, except for a trend towards finding a positive esophagogram with amplitudes > 16 mm Hg. Eleven tracings showed absent "relaxation" of this elevation of pressure in response to swallows, and five of six available esophagograms showed a corresponding area of compression. We conclude that manometric evidence of vascular compression is common and generally has no clear relationship with esophagographic findings or dysphagia. However, the combined findings of marked increases in pressure and absence of relaxation in response to swallows may indicate evidence for a vascular cause of dysphagia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Stagias
- Gastroenterology Unit, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8019
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11
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Panzini L, Burrell MI, Traube M. Instrumental esophageal perforation: chest film findings. Am J Gastroenterol 1994; 89:367-70. [PMID: 8122646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate plain film findings of the chest in instrumental esophageal perforation. We hypothesized that such "clean" perforations, often detected early, would be associated with a low frequency of abnormal plain film findings. Fifteen patients with instrumental esophageal perforation were identified, and their records and radiographs were reviewed. Twelve (80%) of the patients had abnormalities suggestive of perforation. The most common (60%) abnormality seen was pneumomediastinum. The second most common (33%) finding was a density adjacent to the descending aorta in the left cardiophrenic angle, resulting in loss of contour of the descending aorta at the level of the left diaphragm. We concluded that plain films, even when taken shortly after instrumentation, provide useful information regarding the presence of esophageal perforation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Panzini
- Gastroenterology Unit, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Levine J, Schmidt MH, Burrell MI, Hopkins MS. Acute jejunoileitis. A distinct entity? J Clin Gastroenterol 1992; 14:47-51. [PMID: 1556408 DOI: 10.1097/00004836-199201000-00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A 44-year-old man with acute jejunoileitis of unknown etiology developed small bowel obstruction. Intermittent abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, ascites, and leukocytosis were prominent features. All stool cultures were negative. On steroid treatment, symptoms and radiographic features completely resolved. We suggest, in agreement with an earlier report, that acute jejunoileitis may be regarded as a distinct clinical entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Levine
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Burrell MI, Zeman RK, Simeone JF, Dachman AH, McGahan JP, vanSonnenberg E, Zimmon DS, Torres W, Laufer I. The biliary tract: imaging for the 1990s. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1991; 157:223-33. [PMID: 1853798 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.157.2.1853798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M I Burrell
- Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
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Clark A, Zeman RK, Choyke PL, White EM, Burrell MI, Grant EG, Jaffe MH. Pancreatic pseudotumors associated with multifocal idiopathic fibrosclerosis. Gastrointest Radiol 1988; 13:30-2. [PMID: 3350266 DOI: 10.1007/bf01889019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Two patients with multifocal idiopathic fibrosclerosis and sclerosing cholangitis developed biliary obstruction due to a fibrotic pancreatic pseudotumor. The masslike fibrosis mimicked pancreatic carcinoma on sonography and cholangio-pancreatography. In one patient sonography was successfully used to assess the response of the pseudotumor to corticosteroid therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Clark
- Department of Radiology, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, D.C
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Burrell MI, Zeman RK. Of cholescintigraphy, sonography, and great bears. A view on modern biliary imaging. J Clin Gastroenterol 1988; 10:123-6. [PMID: 3047211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
We review the discrepancies and the reasons for them, in two articles in this issue of the Journal to conclude that clinical findings hold the key to selection of the proper imaging test in biliary obstruction. Cholescintigraphy is a more rewarding approach in detecting low grade obstruction, as by common duct stones, whereas in the patient with prolonged painless jaundice, and the high likelihood of a malignancy, computed tomography or ultrasound will yield the best results. Because of the potential for noninvasive imaging to miss choledocholithiasis and because of ever increasing therapeutic options, direct cholangiography will continue to be the mainstay in definition evaluation of the biliary tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Burrell
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
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Abstract
We evaluated the radiologic studies of 23 patients with surgically or autopsy-documented gallbladder perforation. Extravasation was shown by cholescintigraphy and cholangiography in seven patients and corresponded to free perforation or large pericholecystic loculation. In 16 patients, ultrasonography and computed tomography detected fluid and abscesses outside the gallbladder ranging from 1 to 2 mm pericholecystic fluid collections to large phlegmonous masses. A right, upper-quadrant mass on plain films and scattered calcification in this area suggested perforation. Gallbladder perforation could be diagnosed or suspected preoperatively in ten patients and antemortem in 22 of 23 individuals. This rate of recognition, higher than previously reported, may be ascribed in part to improvements in biliary imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- B N Siskind
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
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Abstract
The development of biliary strictures simulating sclerosing cholangitis is now well-known. We report a patient undergoing intraarterial chemotherapy for metastatic colon cancer of the liver in whom segmental intrahepatic biliary strictures occurred remote from known metastases. The patient remains alive 3-4 years after documented liver metastases with severe progressive portal hypertension, hypersplenism, and fat malabsorption. A table of cases so far reported is given.
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Abstract
Two cases of esophageal perforation with abdominal extension are described. Radiographic and clinical aspects are discussed with the emphasis on CT as the modality of choice for demonstrating the location and extent of extraesophageal involvement.
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Siskind BN, Burrell MI, Richter JO, Radin DR. CT appearance of giant sigmoid diverticulum. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1986; 10:543-4. [PMID: 3700767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Abstract
An unusual sign of malignancy in the colon is described, consisting of an intraluminal lenticular ulcer surrounded by a meniscoid lucency of tumor. This constellation of findings was first described by Carman as a specific indicator of gastric malignancy. An aggressive ulcerating lesion with these characteristics, while rare in the colon, raises the suspicion of carcinoma.
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Siskind BN, Burrell MI, Pun H, Russo R, Levin W. CT demonstration of gastrointestinal involvement in Henoch-Schonlein syndrome. Gastrointest Radiol 1985; 10:352-4. [PMID: 4054503 DOI: 10.1007/bf01893130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The CT appearance of gastrointestinal involvement in Henoch-Schonlein syndrome is described. The protean manifestations of this disorder are easily confused both clinically and radiographically with those of many other conditions. Mural thickening, thickened folds, ulceration, and spasm are seen radiographically. The CT appearance of segmental mural thickening and luminal narrowing correlates well with the abnormalities seen on the small-bowel series and upper endoscopy.
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Zeman RK, Burrell MI, Dobbins J, Jaffe MH, Choyke PL. Postcholecystectomy syndrome: evaluation using biliary scintigraphy and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Radiology 1985; 156:787-92. [PMID: 4023244 DOI: 10.1148/radiology.156.3.4023244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We prospectively studied 30 patients with postcholecystectomy syndrome to determine the efficacy of biliary scintigraphy in the detection of stenosis of the sphincter of Oddi. All patients underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Biliary scintigraphy disclosed stenosis of the sphincter by agreement with the ERCP or surgical findings in nine (90%) of ten patients and in eight (100%) of eight patients with biliary obstruction from other causes. Retention of activity at 2 hours in visually prominent ducts was the best predictor of abnormal biliary drainage. Biliary scintigraphy is a useful, noninvasive screening test for the detection of postcholecystectomy biliary obstruction.
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Abstract
We describe the CT appearance of toxic dilatation in a patient with Crohn disease. The CT manifestations of this uncommon but important entity have not been previously described. The involved portion of the colon was mildly dilated and demonstrated pseudopolyp formation. Bowel wall thickening in this segment was minimal as expected in toxic dilatation. Intramural gas was identified representing pneumatosis intestinalis, an ominous sign in this condition.
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Abstract
The authors examined 139 patients thought to have early, partial, or intermittent biliary obstruction, using sonography, hepatobiliary scintigraphy, and in selected cases contrast cholangiography. Of 125 patients with a well-established final diagnosis, sonography and scintigraphy disagreed in 29 (23%). Scintigraphy revealed early or low-grade obstruction in 13 patients who had no evidence of dilated ductules, while 7 patients with dilatation from prior stone passage or biliary surgery showed normal clearance. The authors conclude that in a preselected population in whom early or low-grade biliary obstruction may be present, disagreement between sonography and scintigraphy is not rare, and the absence of sonographically detectable dilatation does not exclude obstruction.
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Zeman RK, Lee CH, Stahl R, Viscomi GN, Baker C, Cahow CE, Dobbins J, Neumann R, Burrell MI. Strategy for the use of biliary scintigraphy in non-iatrogenic biliary trauma. Radiology 1984; 151:771-7. [PMID: 6718739 DOI: 10.1148/radiology.151.3.6718739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Biliary scintigraphy was used to examine 21 patients who had suspected non-iatrogenic biliary trauma. Seven patients (33%) had scintigraphic evidence of biliary leakage. Ultimately, surgical biliary repair was required for only three of these patients. Visualization of the gallbladder did not occur in eight trauma patients, but only one patient was shown to have cholecystitis. In this series, 16 patients had Tc-99m sulfur colloid scans that offered no significant advantage over cholescintigraphy in the detection of hepatic parenchymal defects. Biliary scintigraphy provides clinically useful information in cases both of blunt and penetrating trauma.
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Glick SN, Teplick SK, Maglinte DDT, Krol KL, Caudill LD, Brown DL, McCune WM, Koehler RE, Balfe DM, Setzen M, Weyman PJ, Baron RL, Ogura J, Dodd GD, Campbell JB, Ott DJ, Munitz HA, Gelfand DW, Lane TG, Wu WC, Yasumasa B, Takeshi N, Masakazu M, Moss AA, Buy JN, Margulis AR, Schnyder P, Frik W, Persigehl M, Hunter TB, Fon GT, Silverstein ME, Robbins AH, Gerzof SG, Vincent ME, Johnson WC, Nabseth DC, Birkett DH, Freiman DB, McLean GK, Ring EJ, Simeone JF, Mueller PR, Neff CC, Sonnenberg E, Wittenberg J, Ferrucci JT, Kirks DR, Baer JW, Abiri M, Davis GB, Berk RN, Scheible FW, Witztum KF, Burhenne HJ, Hamilton S, Ohto M, Tsuchiya Y, Ebara M, Nakano T, Zeman RK, Burrell MI, Thompson WM, Halvorsen RA, Gedgaudas RK, Kelvin FM, Rice RP, Whitfield S, Johnson A, Hedlund L, Freeny PC, Ariyama J, Shirakabe H, Eaton SB, Clements JL, Waller RM, Brown GR, Harned RK, Consigny PM, Cooper N, Williams SM, Woltjen AJ. Abstracts Papers presented at the Eleventh Annual Session of the Society of Gastrointestinal Radiologists, October 1, 1981, Boca Raton, Florida. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01887616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zeman RK, Lee C, Stahl RS, Cahow CE, Viscomi GN, Neumann RD, Gold JA, Burrell MI. Ultrasonography and hepatobiliary scintigraphy in the assessment of biliary-enteric anastomoses. Radiology 1982; 145:109-15. [PMID: 6812157 DOI: 10.1148/radiology.145.1.6812157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-three patients with surgical diversion of the biliary tract were serially studied with ultrasonography and hepatobiliary scintigraphy using 99mTc-HIDA or 99mTc-disofenin. Refluxed biliary air resulted in nondiagnostic sonograms in 14% of cases. Persistent postoperative dilatation was present in five patients (22%). Scintigraphy allowed differentiation of biliary dilatation with obstruction from nonobstructed dilatation. By coordinating the noninvasive imaging results, those patients requiring study using direct injection of contrast material may be selected.
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Abstract
When faced with a patient with possible acute cholecystitis, technetium-99m-HIDA scintigraphy should be the primary diagnostic procedure performed. If scintigraphy reveals a normal gallbladder, acute cholecystitis is excluded. If the scintigram fails to visualize the gallbladder, ultrasonography is deemed advisable to exclude potential false-positive scintigrams and confirm the presence of cholelithiasis.
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Zeman RK, Dorfman GS, Burrell MI, Stein S, Berg GR, Gold JA. Disparate dilatation of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts in surgical jaundice. Radiology 1981; 138:129-36. [PMID: 7455073 DOI: 10.1148/radiology.138.1.7455073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Intrahepatic biliary dilatation on ultrasound has been reported as an early sign of biliary obstruction. This paper reports 12 patients with extrahepatic biliary obstruction in whome the extrahepatic biliary system was increased in caliber despite a normal appearance of the intrahepatic ducts. The bile ducts in all of these patients were evaluated with ultrasound and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. Computed tomography was performed in one case. The causes of obstructive jaundice included stricture, choledocholithiasis, and neoplasm. The common bile duct provides a sensitive indicator of biliary obstruction, and its demonstration by noninvasive or invasive means is mandatory even when the intrahepatic ducts appear to be normal.
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Abstract
This report presents eight patients with dilatation of the biliary tree, six of whom had no clinical or laboratory evidence of biliary tract disease except for elevated levels of serum alkaline phosphatase. In two patients, dilatation was caused by obstruction of only one hepatic duct; in three, it was caused by a pancreatic tumor; and in three, it was associated with gallstones which exercised a ball-valve effect, producing intermittent obstruction. The elevation of the alkaline phosphatase level in six of these patients suggests that it is a more sensitive indicator of biliary tract obstruction than the serum bilirubin level is. The recognition of biliary dilatation in one or both lobes of the liver should lead to a careful examination, with ultrasound or another modality, of the porta hepatis, common bile duct, and pancreas.
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Burrell MI, Avella J, Spiro HM, Taylor KJ. Diagnostic imaging procedures in acute pancreatitis. Comparison of ultrasound, intravenous cholangiography, and oral cholecystography. JAMA 1979; 242:342-3. [PMID: 448938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the role of intravenous cholangiography (IVC), ultrasound andoral cholecystography in the diagnosis of gallstone pancreatitis, 20 patients with acute pancreatitis were studied during the first three days of an attack. The IVC successfully demonstrated the common bile duct and gallbladder in 17 (85%) 20 patients. The ultrasound studies showed the gallbladder in all 18 patients in whom the gallbladder was present. The common duct was not seen by ultrasound in any patient and the pancreas was abnormal in all patients. In the three patients with gallbladder stones these were identified on both IVC and ultrasound. Common duct stones in three patients were seen only by IVC (two of these patients had concurrent gallbladder stones and one after cholecystectomy). Oral cholecystography was of limited usefulness, although the 50% visualization rate was higher than the literature suggests.
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Abstract
5 cases of acute transient colitis associated with the ingestion of ampicillin, an ampicillin derivative, and penicillin are discussed. The clinical presentation, course, and radiographic and sigmoidoscopic findings are distinct from those in pseudomembranous colitis. The colonic changes may be related to an allergic reaction in the intestine which results primarily in transient ischaemia. The presenting symptom is blood diarrhoea, and barium enema is the most productive diagnostic examination.
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Ulreich S, Burrell MI, Lowman RM. Radiology of the gastrointestinal abnormalities seen in patients with adult hepatorenal polycystic disease. Clin Radiol 1978; 29:547-52. [PMID: 710041 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-9260(78)80048-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A review of 97 patients with adult hepatorenal polycystic disease (AHRPD) revealed a significant number of patients with gastrointestinal symptoms as the initial or primary manifestation of their disease. The typical appearance of the gastrointestinal barium examinations is presented.
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Chang SF, Burrell MI, Belleza NA, Spiro HM. Borderlands in the diagnosis of regional enteritis: trends in overdiagnosis and value of therapeutic trial. Gastrointest Radiol 1978; 3:67-72. [PMID: 669168 DOI: 10.1007/bf01887038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Our regional experience in the state of Connecticut indicates that Crohn's disease is being overdiagnosed. Six patients with disorders mimicking regional enteritis are presented, one of whom had an atypical clinical course and the remainder had atypical therapeutic responses. The radiologist should be aware of clinical responses and make reassessments if necessary, in order not to overlook surgically treatable conditions.
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Abstract
Metastatic breast carcinoma commonly remains silent for many years following initial diagnosis and mastectomy, and then appears as metastases at various locations. Gastrointestinal involvement is not uncommon and includes any site along the whole length of the gut, the liver, and the biliary tree; it occasionally simulates other diseases and causes difficulty in diagnosis. The radiographic features and differential diagnoses are discussed.
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Abstract
Eight cases of wandering spleen demonstrate that this rare entity has a characteristic constellation of findings which, though nonspecific, are highly suggestive of the diagnosis. Angiography or isotopic imaging specific for the spleen confirms the diagnosis. Asymptomatic patients may be carefully observed, with the institution of splenectomy should signs of torsion develop.
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