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Ozafrán MJ, Vázquez ME, Burlón A, Buhle M, Cardona MA, Debray ME, Hojman D, Kesque JM, Kreiner AJ, Levinton G, Menendez JJ, Naab F, Stoliar P, Davidson M, Davidson J. PIXE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS IN THE CITY OF BUENOS AIRES. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1142/s0129083599000048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Lead pollution present in atmospheric aerosols in the city of Buenos Aires was measured in 1989, using Heavy Ion PIXE. Since then, environmental conditions have changed significantly. The usage of unleaded gasoline was introduced, and the utilisation of compressed natural gas as car fuel has increased. Recently, a new sampling campaign of atmospheric aerosols has started, partly in collaboration with the Greenpeace Foundation. The present studies reveal that lead pollution in Buenos Aires has significantly decreased since 1989. The concentrations of other elements are determined as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. J. Ozafrán
- Departamento de Física, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Av Gral Paz 1499, (1650) San Matrín-Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M. E. Vázquez
- Departamento de Física, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Av Gral Paz 1499, (1650) San Matrín-Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A. Burlón
- Departamento de Física, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Av Gral Paz 1499, (1650) San Matrín-Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Argentina
| | - M. Buhle
- Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Argentina
| | - M. A. Cardona
- Departamento de Física, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Av Gral Paz 1499, (1650) San Matrín-Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Argentina
| | - M. E. Debray
- Departamento de Física, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Av Gral Paz 1499, (1650) San Matrín-Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Argentina
| | - D. Hojman
- Departamento de Física, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Av Gral Paz 1499, (1650) San Matrín-Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Argentina
- CONICET, Argentina
| | - J. M. Kesque
- Departamento de Física, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Av Gral Paz 1499, (1650) San Matrín-Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A. J. Kreiner
- Departamento de Física, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Av Gral Paz 1499, (1650) San Matrín-Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Argentina
- CONICET, Argentina
| | - G. Levinton
- Departamento de Física, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Av Gral Paz 1499, (1650) San Matrín-Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J. J. Menendez
- Departamento de Física, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Av Gral Paz 1499, (1650) San Matrín-Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F. Naab
- Departamento de Física, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Av Gral Paz 1499, (1650) San Matrín-Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Argentina
| | - P. Stoliar
- Departamento de Física, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Av Gral Paz 1499, (1650) San Matrín-Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Argentina
| | - M. Davidson
- Departamento de Física Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET, Argentina
| | - J. Davidson
- Departamento de Física Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET, Argentina
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Stoliar P, Kreiner AJ, Debray ME, Caraballo ME, Valda AA, Davidson J, Davidson M, Kesque JM, Somacal H, DiPaolo H, Burlon AA, Ozafrán MJ, Vázquez ME, Minsky D, Heber EM, Trivillin VA, Schwint AE. Microdistributions of prospective BNCT-compound CuTCPH in tissue sections with a heavy ion microbeam. Appl Radiat Isot 2004; 61:771-4. [PMID: 15308142 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2004.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Microdistributions of the prospective BNCT-compound CuTCPH, a carborane-containing tetraphenylporphyrin with one Cu atom in its molecular structure, have been obtained in tissue sections of different organs of tumor-bearing and normal Syrian hamsters injected with the boron compound by employing a heavy ion microbeam. High resolution X-ray spectroscopy following micro-PIXE (Particle Induced X-ray Emission with micrometer-sized beams) with a focused (16)O ion beam was used. Focusing was performed with a heavy-ion scanning high-precision magnetic quadrupole triplet microprobe. Squamous Cell Carcinomas were induced on the right Cheek Pouch of Syrian Hamsters (HCP), sampled, cryo-sectioned and freeze-dried. Two-dimensional maps of elemental concentration were obtained by scanning the beam over the samples. Very non-uniform Cu concentrations were found in all sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Stoliar
- Departamento de Física, Argentine Atomic Energy Commission, CNEA, Av. Gral. Paz 1499, CP 1650, Bienos Aires, Villa Martelli, Argentina
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Tasat DR, Mancuso R, Molinari BL, Saint-Martin G, Pérez de la Hoz A, Bernaola OA, Kreiner AJ, Schuff JA, Palmieri M, Mazal A, Stoliar P, Burlón A, Davidson M, Davidson J, Debray ME, Kesque JM, Somacal H, Naab G, Ozafrán MJ, Vazquez ME. Low energy proton irradiation effects on alveolar macrophages from young and aged rats. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2003; 49 Online Pub:OL387-92. [PMID: 14995066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
A prospective study was undertaken to assess the radiotoxicity of accelerated particles in pulmonary alveolar macrophages (AM). We evaluated the effects of a single dose (10-75 Gy) of an external low-energy (20 MeV) proton beam on cultured AM oxidative metabolism and phagocytic function. Macrophages are the first line of defense against invading pathogens and are known to generate superoxide anion (O2), nitric oxide (NO), and mediators of antimicrobial and antitumoral defense mechanisms. We obtained AM by bronchoalveolar lavage from young (1-2 month old) and aged (9-12 month old) male Wistar rats. Cell viability, phagocytosis, O2 and NO production in control and proton-irradiated cultured AM were evaluated The effect of proton irradiation on cell viability was dose-dependent The higher doses induced a dramatic decrease in viability in the aged population. Phagocytosis increased 1.3-1.4 fold inboth populations irrespective of the dose delivered. Generation of O2 was always higher in the aged population for all the doses assayed and showed no significant variation from the control values. In the young population a clear increase was observed with doses of 25 and 50 Gy. NO production in AM from young animals rose in a dose-dependent manner. Conversely, proton irradiation did not affect NO production in macrophages from aged animals. The results of this study demonstrate that AM isolated from young and aged rats are functionally different and show a distinct behavior when exposed to proton irradiation. These findings suggest that age may condition response and must be taken into account when accelerated particle-radiotherapy protocols are considered as a valid therapeutic option for the treatment of cancer. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report comparing sham-irradiated and proton-irradiated young and aged AM.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Tasat
- School of Science and Technology, National University of General San Martin, Alem 3901 (1651) San Andrés, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Naab F, Volcomirsky M, Burlón A, Caraballo ME, Debray M, Kesque JM, Kreiner AJ, Ozafrán MJ, Schuff JA, Stoliar P, Vázquez ME, Davidson J, Davidson M, Fonovich de Schroeder TM. Metabolic alterations without metal accumulation in the ovary of adult Bufo arenarum females, observed after long-term exposure to Zn(2+), followed by toxicity to embryos. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2001; 41:201-207. [PMID: 11462144 DOI: 10.1007/s002440010238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2000] [Accepted: 03/06/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Long-term exposure of aquatic organisms to metals, even those considered micronutrients, may affect their metabolism and produce sublethal effects. We evaluated the effects of long-term exposure of adult amphibian (Bufo arenarum) females to 4 microg/L of Zn(2+) (ZnSO(4) x H(2)O) in Ringer solution on the concentration of Zn and Fe, the activity of the key enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and glutathione content, both in the liver and ovary of these animals. We also performed early embryonic development studies by in vitro insemination from control and treated females. Zn exposure rendered lower Zn concentrations in the ovaries than did exposure of animals to Ringer solution without metal addition (97 +/- 50 versus 149 +/- 46 Zn microg/wet tissue g). Zn and Fe concentration correlation was positive and linear in the ovary, but was negative and nonlinear in the liver of the studied females. The activity of the enzyme glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase decreased (0.0599 +/- 0.0109 versus 0.0776 +/- 0.0263 micromol of NADPH/min x mg of proteins) and the endogenous glutathione content increased (0.027 +/- 0.005 versus 0.018 +/- 0.007 mg/10 mg of proteins) in the ovary but remained unaltered in the liver as a consequence of Zn treatment. Our results suggest the existence of different mechanisms of regulation of Zn and Fe concentrations in the ovary and in the liver of adult B. arenarum females. Binding of Zn to low-molecular-weight proteins, as metallothioneins, may occur in the liver, thus protecting this organ from toxic effects. In the ovary high-molecular-weight proteins, like glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, should be able to bind Zn, leading to oxidative stress responsible for the observed increase in endogenous glutathione content. Inhibition of the pentose phosphate pathway in the ovary by Zn can be responsible for the reproductive failure that we detected through embryos survival studies during early life stages: 81.3 +/- 6.3% of embryos from control females survived versus 63.1 +/- 13.8% of embryos from Zn-treated females at the branchial circulation stage of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Naab
- Comisión Nacional de Energia Atómica, Centro Atómico Constituyentes, (1650) San Martin, Argentina
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