Osteonecrosis of the knee in a patient receiving antiretroviral therapy

A case of avascular osteonecrosis of the right knee is described in a patient with HIV infection. The patient had been receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy for two years prior to presentation. Osteonecrosis is an uncommon albeit serious complication of HIV infection and is associated with use of antiretroviral agents.

Cerebral mycosis in a dog caused by Cladosporium trichoides Emmons 1952

The fungus, Cladosporium trichoides, was isolated and cultured from a lesion in the cerebellum and from smaller lesions in the liver, kidney and spleen of a dog which had a history of behavioural changes, ataxia and collapse. Histopathological examination showed the cerebellar lesion to be a purulant granuloma which contained brown, septate hypae and structures resembling conidia. The source of infection was not traced and no predisposing factors were apparent. As far as is known, this is the first record of the condition in animals in southern Africa and the first report anywhere of this condition in the dog.