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Liao L(H, Trama A, Williams W, Moody M, Vandergrift N, Tomaras G, Marshall D, Gurley T, Whitesides J, Eudailey J, Foulger A, Parks R, Stolarchuk C, Lloyd K, Soderberg K, Mascola J, Koup R, Corey L, Nabel G, Gilber P, Morgan C, Maenza J, Keefer M, Hammer S, Churchyard G, Montefior D, Graham B, Baden L, Kepler T, Haynes B. Role of Intestinal Microbiota in Shaping the B Cell Repertoire in HIV Infection and Env Vaccination. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2014. [DOI: 10.1089/aid.2014.5023a.abstract] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Larry (Huaxin) Liao
- Duke University Medical Center, Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | - A.M. Trama
- Duke University Medical Center, Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | - W.B. Williams
- Duke University Medical Center, Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | - M.A. Moody
- Duke University Medical Center, Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Nathan Vandergrift
- Duke University Medical Center, Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | - G.D. Tomaras
- Duke University Medical Center, Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | - D.J. Marshall
- Duke University Medical Center, Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | - T. Gurley
- Duke University Medical Center, Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | - J. Whitesides
- Duke University Medical Center, Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | - J. Eudailey
- Duke University Medical Center, Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | - A. Foulger
- Duke University Medical Center, Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | - R. Parks
- Duke University Medical Center, Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | - C. Stolarchuk
- Duke University Medical Center, Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | - K.E. Lloyd
- Duke University Medical Center, Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | - K. Soderberg
- Duke University Medical Center, Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | - J.R. Mascola
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - R. Koup
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - L. Corey
- University of Washington, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - G.B. Nabel
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - P. Gilber
- University of Washington, SCHARP, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - C. Morgan
- University of Washington, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - J. Maenza
- University of Washington, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - M. Keefer
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Division of Infectious Disease, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - S. Hammer
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - D.C. Montefior
- Duke University Medical Center, Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | - B.S Graham
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - L.R. Baden
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - T.B. Kepler
- Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - B.F. Haynes
- Duke University Medical Center, Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
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2
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Ashraf A, Kopycinski J, Cheeseman H, Lala F, Czyzewska-Khan J, Spentzou A, Gill DK, Keefer M, Excler J, Fast P, Hayes P, Cox JH, Gilmour J. Vaccine responses to conserved regions of the HIV-1 proteome are associated with an increased capacity to inhibit multiple virus isolates ex vivo. Retrovirology 2012. [PMCID: PMC3441682 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-o64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Ashraf
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - J Kopycinski
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - H Cheeseman
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - F Lala
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - J Czyzewska-Khan
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - A Spentzou
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - DK Gill
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - M Keefer
- University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - J Excler
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), New York, NY, USA
| | - P Fast
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), New York, NY, USA
| | - P Hayes
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - JH Cox
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), New York, NY, USA
| | - J Gilmour
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), Imperial College London, London, UK
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Goepfert P, Elizaga M, Montefiori D, Hural J, DeRosa S, Tomaras G, Seaton K, Sato A, Ouedraogo L, Donastorg Y, Cardinali M, Lama J, Baden L, Keefer M, McElrath J, Kalams S, Robinson H. Phase 2a safety and immunogenicity testing of DNA and recombinant modified vaccinia ankara virus vaccines expressing virus-like particles. Retrovirology 2012. [PMCID: PMC3441271 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-o56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P Goepfert
- University of Alabama at Birmignham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - M Elizaga
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - J Hural
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - S DeRosa
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - K Seaton
- Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - A Sato
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - L Ouedraogo
- NIAID Vaccine Clinical Research Branch, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Y Donastorg
- Unidad de Vacunas IDCP-COIN-DIGECITSS, Santo Dominago, Dominican Republic
| | - M Cardinali
- NIAID Vaccine Clinical Research Branch, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J Lama
- Asociacion Civil IMPACTA Salud y Educacion, Barranco, Lima, Peru
| | - L Baden
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Keefer
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - J McElrath
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Instituted, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - S Kalams
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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4
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Morgan C, Jin X, Yu X, De Rosa S, Kublin J, Metch B, Keefer M, NIAID H. DNA plasmid HIV vaccine design, number of doses, participant gender, and body mass index affect T-cell responses across HIV vaccine clinical trials. Retrovirology 2012. [PMCID: PMC3441823 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-p133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
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5
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Williams WB, Jones K, Krambrink A, Grove D, Liu P, Yates NL, Moody MA, Ferrari G, Pollara J, Moodie Z, Morgan CA, Liao H, Montefiori DC, Ochsenbauer C, Kappes J, Hammer S, Mascola J, Koup R, Corey L, Nabel G, Gilbert P, Churchyard G, Keefer M, Graham BS, Haynes BF, Tomaras GD. Multiple antibody specificities (gp41, V1V2, and V3) elicited in the phase II multiclade (A, B, C) HIV-1 DNA prime, rAd5 boost vaccine trial. Retrovirology 2012. [PMCID: PMC3441791 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-o55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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6
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Evans TG, Kallas EG, Campbell M, Andrews J, Schwartz D, Keefer M, Caudrelier P. Evaluation of canarypox-induced CD8+ responses following immunization by measuring the effector population IFNγ production. Immunol Lett 2001; 77:7-15. [PMID: 11348664 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2478(01)00173-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
CD8(+) cytolytic activity is traditionally measured by detecting the release of 51Cr after incubation of effector cells with HLA-matched, infected, radiolabeled targets. An alternative method to detect CD8+ activity is to measure the production of intracellular interferon gamma (IFNgamma) after antigen-specific stimulation, either by ELISPOT or by flow cytometry. Studies were performed in 19 volunteers enrolled in a phase 1 trial of candidate canarypox HIV-1 vaccines that encoded multiple HIV-1 genes. The vaccines including vCP205 (Env, Gag, and protease), vCP1433 (Env, Gag, protease, and CTL epitope-rich regions of pol and nef) and vCP1452 (equivalent to vCP1433 with additional immunomodulatory genes of vaccinia). PBMCs were stimulated in vitro with vaccinia constructs encoding env and gag or a lacZ control, and the effectors were cultured for 12-14 days. EBV-transformed B cell lines were infected overnight with the vaccinia vectors, and then incubated with the effector cells for 4 h in the presence of monensin. CD8(+) gene-specific activity was determined as a percentage of IFNgamma cells in the CD3(+)CD8(+)CD45RO(+) gate after subtracting both the isotype control and the lacZ control stimulation. CD4 memory IFNgamma production was simultaneously determined in the CD3(+)CD8(-)CD45RO(+) gate. Using these techniques in blinded studies, we found that CD8(+) IFNgamma activity could be measured in the majority of volunteers given four immunizations. Specifically, the responses to the gag gene were control -- 0/2; vCP205 -- 2/4; vCP1433 -- 5/6; vCP1452 -- 4/7. Most of the positive responses were detected after the fourth immunization. Flow cytometric techniques hold promise as a surrogate measure of CTL and for ease of phenotyping of the effector population.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G Evans
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Suite 500, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, PSSB 4150 V St., Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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7
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Belshe RB, Stevens C, Gorse GJ, Buchbinder S, Weinhold K, Sheppard H, Stablein D, Self S, McNamara J, Frey S, Flores J, Excler JL, Klein M, Habib RE, Duliege AM, Harro C, Corey L, Keefer M, Mulligan M, Wright P, Celum C, Judson F, Mayer K, McKirnan D, Marmor M, Woody G. Safety and immunogenicity of a canarypox-vectored human immunodeficiency virus Type 1 vaccine with or without gp120: a phase 2 study in higher- and lower-risk volunteers. J Infect Dis 2001; 183:1343-52. [PMID: 11294665 DOI: 10.1086/319863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2000] [Revised: 02/06/2001] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Live attenuated viral vectors that express human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antigens are being developed as potential vaccines to prevent HIV infection. The first phase 2 trial with a canarypox vector (vCP205, which expresses gp120, p55, and protease) was conducted in 435 volunteers with and without gp120 boosting, to expand the safety database and to compare the immunogenicity of the vector in volunteers who were at higher risk with that in volunteers at lower risk for HIV infection. Neutralizing antibodies to the MN strain were stimulated in 94% of volunteers given vCP205 plus gp120 and in 56% of volunteers given vCP205 alone. CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocyte cells developed at some time point in 33% of volunteers given vCP205, with or without gp120. Phase 3 field trials with these or similar vaccines are needed, to determine whether efficacy in preventing HIV infection or in slowing disease progression among vaccinees who become infected is associated with the level and types of immune responses that were induced by the vaccines in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Belshe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine and St. Louis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 3635 Vista Ave. (FDT-8N) St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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8
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Lambert JS, Keefer M, Mulligan MJ, Schwartz D, Mestecky J, Weinhold K, Smith C, Hsieh R, Moldoveanu Z, Fast P, Forrest B, Koff W. A Phase I safety and immunogenicity trial of UBI microparticulate monovalent HIV-1 MN oral peptide immunogen with parenteral boost in HIV-1 seronegative human subjects. Vaccine 2001; 19:3033-42. [PMID: 11311997 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(01)00051-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Thirty-three HIV-seronegative adults were recruited into a Phase I safety and immunogenicity HIV-1 vaccine trial. The immunogens were as follows: a synthetic, monovalent, octameric HIV-1 MN V3 peptide in aluminum hydroxide (alum) adjuvant administered by intramuscular delivery; and a similar product encapsulated in biodegradable micro-spheres composed of co-polymers of lactic and glycolic acids, administered by the oral route. These were administered in three sequential oral doses, followed by a parenteral boost. No serious adverse experiences were observed. Oral administration of this vaccine, alone or in combination with parenteral boosting, resulted in no significant humoral, cellular, or mucosal immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Lambert
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD21201, USA.
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9
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McElrath MJ, Corey L, Montefiori D, Wolff M, Schwartz D, Keefer M, Belshe R, Graham BS, Matthews T, Wright P, Gorse G, Dolin R, Berman P, Francis D, Duliege AM, Bolognesi D, Stablein D, Ketter N, Fast P. A phase II study of two HIV type 1 envelope vaccines, comparing their immunogenicity in populations at risk for acquiring HIV type 1 infection. AIDS Vaccine Evaluation Group. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2000; 16:907-19. [PMID: 10875616 DOI: 10.1089/08892220050042846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several immunogens induce HIV-specific neutralization and in vitro lymphoproliferation in adults at low HIV-1 risk, but responses in persons at high HIV-1 risk are not known. We performed a multicenter, double-blinded, adjuvant-controlled trial with two gp120 vaccines in 296 HIV-1-uninfected volunteers, including 176 reporting higher HIV-1 risk activities. The immunogens were remarkably well tolerated. After three immunizations, 210 of 241 vaccinees (87%) developed neutralizing antibodies, which persisted in 59% after 2 years. The injection drug users receiving SF-2/gp120 had decreased antibody responses relative to the lower risk groups. Envelope-specific lymphoproliferation peaked after two immunizations, and 54% of vaccinees mounted a DTH reaction to gp120 after 4 years. In summary, these immunogens have low adverse reactogenicity and induce durable antibody and T cell responses to the prototype strains. Unexpected differences in antibody responses among diverse HIV-1 risk strata lend support to the conduct of expanded phase II trials in populations other than low-risk volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J McElrath
- University of Washington School of Medicine and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle 98109, USA.
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10
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Corey L, McElrath MJ, Weinhold K, Matthews T, Stablein D, Graham B, Keefer M, Schwartz D, Gorse G. Cytotoxic T cell and neutralizing antibody responses to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope with a combination vaccine regimen. AIDS Vaccine Evaluation Group. J Infect Dis 1998; 177:301-9. [PMID: 9466515 DOI: 10.1086/514202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccination may require induction of neutralizing antibodies (NAs) and CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) to prevent transmission and control early infection. Recombinant envelope proteins induce NAs but rarely CD8+ CTL responses, and vaccinia vectors containing HIV-1 envelope elicit CD8+ cytotoxicity but few NAs. To benefit from both approaches, 56 vaccinia-naive subjects were randomized to a regimen of priming with recombinant vaccinia gp160LAI and boosting with recombinant gp120SF-2, gp120LAI, gp120MN, or gp160MN. Of 51 persons for whom assays were done, 26 demonstrated envelope-specific CTL. Boosting with gp120, compared with gp160, elicited significantly more NAs and CD4-blocking antibodies. Neutralization of the homologous and heterologous HIV-1 laboratory strains occurred in all subjects receiving vac/env and gp120 and was detectable in 91% of the subjects for >6 months. Thus, vaccine regimens in which one component elicits primarily CTL and the other NAs offer promise for the development of an effective HIV-1 vaccine strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Corey
- Infectious Diseases Program, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, USA
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11
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Lee C, Keefer M, Zhao ZW, Kroes R, Berg L, Liu XX, Sensibar J. Demonstration of the role of prostate-specific antigen in semen liquefaction by two-dimensional electrophoresis. J Androl 1989; 10:432-8. [PMID: 2482840 DOI: 10.1002/j.1939-4640.1989.tb00134.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional protein profiles of human semen, prostatic fluid, and seminal vesicle fluid were compared to demonstrate changes in the protein composition of human semen before and after liquefaction. Semen specimens were obtained from a volunteer. Prostatic fluid specimens were collected by rectal massage from patients visiting a urology clinic. Samples of seminal vesicle fluid were collected by needle aspiration from isolated seminal vesicles, which were removed at surgery. All specimens were prepared and processed according to the ISO-DALT system for separation of proteins in two-dimensional gels. Following electrophoresis, protein spots in the gels were visualized by silver staining. Prostatic fluid and seminal vesicle fluid showed their characteristic protein profiles. The protein profile of human semen contained specific proteins of both prostatic fluid and seminal vesicle fluid. One major group of proteins in seminal vesicle fluid (Mw 28,000-68,000 daltons), designated as seminal vesicle-specific antigen, was observed in freshly ejaculated human semen, but disappeared from the two-dimensional profile when the ejaculate was allowed to stand at room temperature for 30 min. When prostatic fluid or prostate-specific antigen was mixed with seminal vesicle fluid and incubated at 37C for 30 min, the seminal vesicle-specific antigen also disappeared from the two-dimensional profiles. The findings indicate that seminal vesicle-specific antigen, a group of predominant proteins in seminal vesicle fluid, is the structural component of seminal coagulum, and that prostate-specific antigen is the enzyme which digests seminal vesicle-specific antigen and liquifies semen coagulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lee
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611
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12
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Gewirtz AM, Keefer M, Doshi K, Annamalai AE, Chiu HC, Colman RW. Biology of human megakaryocyte factor V. Blood 1986; 67:1639-48. [PMID: 2423159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
To learn more about human megakaryocyte coagulation cofactor V (FV), we studied the expression of this protein in normal bone marrow megakaryocytes and in megakaryocytes cloned from their colony-forming unit in FV-depleted plasma clot cultures. Mouse monoclonal antibodies directed against either the light chain or an activation peptide of human FV and a rabbit polyclonal, monospecific FV antiserum were used as probes for these experiments in conjunction with a variety of immunochemical detection techniques. All morphologically recognizable megakaryocytes were shown to contain FV. The origin of this protein appeared to be both from FV bound to the cell as well as from endogenous FV in the majority of cells examined. The existence of a population of small bone marrow mononuclear cells that simultaneously expressed platelet glycoproteins and FV was also noted. Such cells represented approximately 70% of all small cells positive for platelet glycoproteins. In contrast, only about 40% of megakaryocyte colonies cloned in FV-deficient medium contained cells with immunochemically detectable FV. FV expression was most clearly demonstrated in large cells in the colonies, whereas smaller, presumably less mature cells labeled weakly or not at all. Synthesis of FV by human megakaryocytes was documented using elutriation-enriched cells incubated in 35S-methionine-containing medium. Megakaryocyte lysates and medium conditioned by these cells were subjected to immunoaffinity column purification. Column eluates analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography revealed radioactive bands comigrating with the heavy and light chains of thrombin-activated FV. These studies suggest that human megakaryocytes both bind and synthesize FV. Expression of these traits appears to be related to cell maturation, with binding ability appearing earlier than the ability to synthesize this protein. Finally, although the ability to bind FV appears to be universal among megakaryocytes, our culture data suggest that synthesis may be a restricted, or constitutively expressed property of these cells.
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