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Chaves ÓM, Júnior JCS, Buss G, Hirano ZMB, Jardim MMA, Amaral ELS, Godoy JC, Peruchi AR, Michel T, Bicca-Marques JC. Wildlife is imperiled in peri-urban landscapes: threats to arboreal mammals. Sci Total Environ 2022; 821:152883. [PMID: 35038525 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Urbanization and deforestation impose severe challenges to wildlife, particularly for forest-living vertebrates. Understanding how the peri-urban matrix impacts their survival is critical for designing strategies to promote their conservation. We investigated the threats faced by brown howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba clamitans) in peri-urban regions of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) and Santa Catarina (SC) states, southern Brazil, by compiling negative interaction events (hereafter NIE) reported over more than two decades. We assessed the major NIEs, their distribution among age-sex classes, and the predictors of NIE-related mortality. After 20+ years of monitoring, we compiled 540 NIEs (RS = 248 and SC = 292). Electrocution by power lines was the most frequent cause of death or injury (37%), followed by dog attack (34%), vehicle collision (17%), and human mistreatment (12%). The occurrence of lethal injuries ranged from 5% to 69% depending on the type of NIE and on which state it occurred in. The overall post-NIE mortality was 56%. Adults of both sexes were the most affected individuals in both study regions. The minimal adequate GLM model explained 83% of the variation in NIE-related mortality. State, NIE type, and age-sex class were the main predictors of mortality. Overall, mortality was lower in SC and higher among adult females than in the other classes. We found that the survival of brown howler monkeys in the forest-urban interface is constrained by both the urban infrastructure and the growing interactions with humans and domestic and stray dogs (Canis familiaris). We propose the placement of aerial bridges, road signs and speed bumps in areas of frequent animal crossing, the sterilization of stray dogs, and the sensitization of local inhabitants on the importance of respecting and protecting wildlife to reduce their NIEs with humans and domestic animals in the forest-urban interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ó M Chaves
- Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, 2060 San José, Costa Rica; Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - J C Souza Júnior
- Centro de Pesquisas Biológicas de Indaial, Indaial, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Fundação Universidade Regional de Blumenau-FURB, Blumenau, Brazil
| | - G Buss
- Centro de Pesquisa e Conservação de Primatas Brasileiros (CPB), Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio), João Pessoa, Brazil; Programa Macacos Urbanos (PMU), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil
| | - Z M B Hirano
- Centro de Pesquisas Biológicas de Indaial, Indaial, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Fundação Universidade Regional de Blumenau-FURB, Blumenau, Brazil
| | - M M A Jardim
- Programa Macacos Urbanos (PMU), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil; Museu de Ciências Naturais, Departamento de Biodiversidade, Secretaria do Meio Ambiente e Infraestrutura (MCN/SEMA-RS), Brazil
| | - E L S Amaral
- Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - J C Godoy
- Programa Macacos Urbanos (PMU), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil
| | - A R Peruchi
- Fundação Universidade Regional de Blumenau-FURB, Blumenau, Brazil
| | - T Michel
- Museu de Ciências Naturais, Departamento de Biodiversidade, Secretaria do Meio Ambiente e Infraestrutura (MCN/SEMA-RS), Brazil
| | - J C Bicca-Marques
- Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Schott D, Souza UA, Dall'Agnol B, Webster A, Doyle R, Peters F, Favarini M, Mazim F, Rosa AO, Jardim MMA, Trigo TC, Reck J. Detection of Rickettsia spp. and Bartonella spp. in Ctenocephalides felis fleas from free-ranging crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous). Med Vet Entomol 2019; 33:536-540. [PMID: 30848844 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fleas are insects with a worldwide distribution that have been implicated in the transmission of several pathogens. The present study aimed to investigate the presence of Rickettsia spp. (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae) and Bartonella spp. (Rhizobiales: Bartonellaceae) in fleas from free-ranging crab-eating foxes Cerdocyon thous (Linnaeus, 1766) (Carnivora: Canidae) from Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. Fleas were collected manually from animals and used for the molecular detection of Rickettsia spp. and Bartonella spp. Twenty-nine C. thous were sampled in six municipalities. Four foxes were parasitized by 10 fleas, all of which were identified as Ctenocephalides felis (Bouché, 1935) (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae). DNA from Rickettsia felis Bouyer et al., 2001 and Rickettsia asembonensis Maina et al., 2016 were found in three and eight fleas, respectively. In four fleas, DNA of Bartonella sp. was identified. Phylogenetic analysis grouped Bartonella sp. together with other genotypes previously reported in C. felis worldwide. The scenario described in the present study highlights a Neotropical canid parasitized by the invasive cosmopolitan cat flea, which in turn, is carrying potentially invasive vector-borne microorganisms. These findings suggest that C. felis is adapted to wild hosts in wilderness areas in southern Brazil, hypothetically exposing the Neotropical fauna to unknown ecological and health disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Schott
- Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - U A Souza
- Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - B Dall'Agnol
- Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - A Webster
- Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - R Doyle
- Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - F Peters
- Area de Vida Assessoria e Consultoria em Biologia e Meio Ambiente, Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - M Favarini
- Area de Vida Assessoria e Consultoria em Biologia e Meio Ambiente, Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - F Mazim
- Ka'aguy Consultoria Ambiental, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - A O Rosa
- Refúgio de Vida Silvestre Banhado dos Pachecos (RVSBP), Viamão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - M M A Jardim
- Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul (FZB-RS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - T C Trigo
- Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul (FZB-RS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - J Reck
- Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Dall'Agnol B, Souza UA, Weck B, Trigo TC, Jardim MMA, Costa F, Labruna MB, Peters FB, Favarini MO, Mazim FD, Ferreira CAS, Reck J. Rickettsia parkeri
in free-ranging wild canids from Brazilian Pampa. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 65:e224-e230. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Dall'Agnol
- Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF); Eldorado do Sul RS Brazil
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS); Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - U. A. Souza
- Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF); Eldorado do Sul RS Brazil
| | - B. Weck
- Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF); Eldorado do Sul RS Brazil
| | - T. C. Trigo
- Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul (FZB-RS); Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - M. M. A. Jardim
- Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul (FZB-RS); Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - F. B. Costa
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP); São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - M. B. Labruna
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP); São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - F. B. Peters
- Área de Vida Assessoria e Consultoria em Biologia e Meio Ambiente; Canoas RS Brazil
| | - M. O. Favarini
- Área de Vida Assessoria e Consultoria em Biologia e Meio Ambiente; Canoas RS Brazil
| | - F. D. Mazim
- Ka'aguy Consultoria Ambiental; Pelotas RS Brazil
| | - C. A. S. Ferreira
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS); Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - J. Reck
- Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF); Eldorado do Sul RS Brazil
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