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Hills AP, Norris SA, Byrne NM, Jayasinghe S, Murphy-Alford AJ, Loechl CU, Ismail LIC, Kurpad AV, Kuriyan R, Nyati LH, Santos IS, Costa CS, Wickramasinghe VP, Lucas MN, Slater C, Yameen A, Ariff S. Body composition from birth to 2 years. Eur J Clin Nutr 2023:10.1038/s41430-023-01322-7. [PMID: 37563231 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-023-01322-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Providing all infants with the best start to life is a universal but challenging goal for the global community. Historically, the size and shape of infants, quantified by anthropometry and commencing with birthweight, has been the common yardstick for physical growth and development. Anthropometry has long been considered a proxy for nutritional status during infancy when, under ideal circumstances, changes in size and shape are most rapid. Developed from data collected in the Multicentre Growth Reference Study (MGRS), WHO Child Growth Standards for healthy infants and children have been widely accepted and progressively adopted. In contrast, and somewhat surprisingly, much less is understood about the 'quality' of growth as reflected by body composition during infancy. Recent advances in body composition assessment, including the more widespread use of air displacement plethysmography (ADP) across the first months of life, have contributed to a progressive increase in our knowledge and understanding of growth and development. Along with stable isotope approaches, most commonly the deuterium dilution (DD) technique, the criterion measure of total body water (TBW), our ability to quantify lean and fat tissue using a two-compartment model, has been greatly enhanced. However, until now, global reference charts for the body composition of healthy infants have been lacking. This paper details some of the historical challenges associated with the assessment of body composition across the first two years of life, and references the logical next steps in growth assessments, including reference charts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shane A Norris
- University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Leila I Cheikh Ismail
- University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ayesha Yameen
- Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (PINSTECH), Nilore, Pakistan
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Murphy-Alford AJ, Johnson W, Nyati LH, Santos IS, Hills AP, Ariff S, Wickramasinghe VP, Kuriyan R, Lucas MN, Costa CS, Slater C, Ahmad T, Byrne NM, Divya PJ, Kurpad AV, Cheikh Ismail LI, Loechl CU, Norris SA. Body composition reference charts for infants from birth to 24 months: Multicenter Infant Body Composition Reference Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 117:1262-1269. [PMID: 37270290 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body composition assessment in the first 2 y of life provides important insights into child nutrition and health. The application and interpretation of body composition data in infants and young children have been challenged by a lack of global reference data. OBJECTIVES We aimed to develop body composition reference charts of infants aged 0-6 mo based on air displacement plethysmography (ADP) and those aged 3-24 mo based on total body water (TBW) by deuterium dilution (DD). METHODS Body composition was assessed by ADP in infants aged 0-6 mo from Australia, India, and South Africa. TBW using DD was assessed for infants aged 3-24 mo from Brazil, Pakistan, South Africa, and Sri Lanka. Reference charts and centiles were constructed for body composition using the lambda-mu-sigma method. RESULTS Sex-specific reference charts were produced for FM index (FMI), FFM index (FFMI), and percent FM (%FM) for infants aged 0-6 mo (n = 470 infants; 1899 observations) and 3-24 mo (n = 1026 infants; 3690 observations). When compared with other available references, there were observable differences but similar patterns in the trajectories of FMI, FFMI, and %FM. CONCLUSIONS These reference charts will strengthen the interpretation and understanding of body composition in infants across the first 24 mo of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia J Murphy-Alford
- Division of Human Health, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria.
| | - William Johnson
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Lukhanyo H Nyati
- SAMRC Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ina S Santos
- Post-graduate Program in Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Andrew P Hills
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Shabina Ariff
- Department of Pediatric and Child Health, Medical College, The Aga Khan University, Sindh, Pakistan
| | | | | | - M Nishani Lucas
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Caroline S Costa
- Post-graduate Program in Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Christine Slater
- Division of Human Health, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tanvir Ahmad
- Life Science Group, Isotope Application Division, Pakistan; Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (PINSTECH), Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nuala M Byrne
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | | | | | - Leila I Cheikh Ismail
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Cornelia U Loechl
- Division of Human Health, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shane A Norris
- SAMRC Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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