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Passos M, Fialho I, Lopes J, Mateus C, Beringuilho M, Baltazar J, Santos M, Augusto J. Long-term outcomes in patients with potential reversible causes of bradycardia. Europace 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euac053.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.
Introduction
Hyperkalemia and negative chronotropic drugs are well known causes of reversible bradycardia. Their synergic combination may result in BRASH syndrome (Bradycardia, Renal failure, Atrioventricular blockade, Shock, and Hyperkalemia), a consequence of the vicious cycle between bradycardia, renal failure and worsening hyperkalemia, leading ultimately to multiorgan dysfunction. In potentially reversible bradycardia, drug discontinuation or metabolic correction is recommended before permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation.
Objectives
To determine the long-term prognosis in patients with potentially reversible symptomatic bradycardia.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 176 patients who presented to the emergency department with symptomatic bradycardia, between January 2015 and August 2016. Patients without any reversible cause of bradycardia were excluded. Participants were stratified into three groups according to the reversible causes of bradycardia: patients with hyperkalemia, with or without acute renal injury (ARI) (group 1); patients taking negative chronotropic drugs, with or without ARI (group 2); patients with BRASH syndrome (combination of hyperkalemia and negative chronotropic drugs, with or without ARI) (group 3). The primary endpoint was PPM implantation after discharge. Secondary endpoints included: bradycardia-related rehospitalization, heart failure (HF) hospitalization, all-cause mortality and a composite of all the previous endpoints.
Results
A total of 105 patients were included (52.4% female; mean age 79.8±8.6 years). Group 1 was comprised by 15 patients (14.3%), group 2 by 69 patients (65.7%) and group 3 by 21 patients (20%, figure 1). The incidence of each event is presented in figure 2. During a mean follow-up of 3.2±2.1 years, PPM was implanted in 60 patients (57.1%) – 51 during hospital stay (85%) and 9 after discharge (15%). Across all groups, approximately 50% of the patients needed PPM implantation at some point, without significant differences between groups (p=0.508). Group 3 had the lowest need of in-hospital PPM (38.1%) but the highest bradycardia-related readmissions (9.5%). Nevertheless, post-discharge PPM implantation was still higher in group 1 (33.3%), followed by group 3 (22.2%). There were no significant differences in the post-discharge PPM implantation rate between groups (p=0.76). In groups 1 and 3 the composite endpoint (73.3% and 76.2%, respectively) was significantly more frequent than in group 2 (44.9%, p=0.046 and p=0.012, respectively).
Conclusions
Nearly half of the patients with an episode of reversible bradycardia needed a PPM at some point. Given the advanced age of most patients with bradycardia secondary to metabolic derangement and/or drug toxicity, it is possible that this unveils underlying conduction system disease, which is likely to recur without PPM implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Passos
- Hospital Professor Doutor Fernando Fonseca, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - I Fialho
- Hospital Professor Doutor Fernando Fonseca, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J Lopes
- Hospital Professor Doutor Fernando Fonseca, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - C Mateus
- Hospital Professor Doutor Fernando Fonseca, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M Beringuilho
- Hospital Professor Doutor Fernando Fonseca, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J Baltazar
- Hospital Professor Doutor Fernando Fonseca, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M Santos
- Hospital Professor Doutor Fernando Fonseca, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J Augusto
- Hospital Professor Doutor Fernando Fonseca, Lisbon, Portugal
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Fialho I, Passos M, Lima Lopes J, Beringuilho M, Ferreira H, Ferreira J, Freitas A, Morais C. Clinical and echocardiographic features of platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome: a single-centre experience. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeab289.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.
Background
Platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome (POS) is an uncommon condition characterized by dyspnoea and hypoxemia in the upright position that improves with recumbency.1 Possible causes are intracardiac shunt, pulmonary arteriovenous shunt, and V/Q mismatch.1,2 Echocardiography is the cornerstone of POS diagnosis, with special focus on atrial septal defect (ASD) morphology and right-to-left shunt confirmation.3
Purpose
To evaluate the clinical and echocardiographic features of patients presenting with POS due to a cardiac cause.
Methods
We performed a retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with POS in our centre between 2015 January and 2021 August. Routine blood tests and transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) were performed in all patients. Demographics, clinical presentation, blood test results, TTE information, and PFO closure procedure details were recorded.
Results
Seven patients were included, 85.7% female (n = 6). The median (IQR) age was 78 (72-85) years. The most prevalent cardiovascular risk factors were hypertension (100%; n = 7) and overweight/obesity (85.7%; n = 6). Two patients (28.6%) had chronic pulmonary disease. The most common symptoms were fatigue and exercise intolerance (n= 5; 71.4%) and the most frequent sign was persistent hypoxemia (n = 7; 100%), although 28.6% (n = 2) patients did not present the typical positional changes in peripheral oxygen saturation. Haemoglobin levels [14.1 (13.3-15.2)] were within the normal range and serum NTproBNP levels [656 (287-1196)] were slightly elevated. Left ventricle function was preserved in all patients; right ventricle morphology and function were normal in 85.7% (n = 6) patients, low probability of pulmonary hypertension in TTE was found in 85.7% (n = 6), and exuberant Eustachian valve was observed in 14.3% (n = 1). All patients presented atrial septal hypermobility, 87.5% (n = 6) meeting atrial septal aneurysm criteria. Patent foramen ovale was found in 85.7% of patients (n = 6) and ostium secundum ASD in 14.3% (n = 1). POS precipitating factors were aortic root dilation (28.6%; n = 2), chest trauma (14.3%; n = 1), right hip arthroplasty (14.3%; n = 1), atrial septal stretching regarding right volume overload (14.3%; n = 1). The underlying mechanism was unknown in 28.6% (n = 2) of patients. ASD closure was performed in 57.1% (n = 4) of patients: 75% (n = 3) showed residual shunt, but clinical improvement was reported by all. No acute complications were described, except for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (14.3%; n = 1).
Conclusion
POS diagnosis depends on high clinical suspicion: the most common manifestations are fatigue and persistent hypoxemia. Typical positional changes in oxygen saturation are not present in all patients. Polycythaemia, right chambers dilation, and pulmonary hypertension are not common. Echocardiography is fundamental for diagnosis, allowing right-to-left shunt confirmation and ASD morphology evaluation to outline a successful closure procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Fialho
- Hospital Prof Fernando da Fonseca EPE, Amadora, Portugal
| | - M Passos
- Hospital Prof Fernando da Fonseca EPE, Amadora, Portugal
| | - J Lima Lopes
- Hospital Prof Fernando da Fonseca EPE, Amadora, Portugal
| | - M Beringuilho
- Hospital Prof Fernando da Fonseca EPE, Amadora, Portugal
| | - H Ferreira
- Hospital Prof Fernando da Fonseca EPE, Amadora, Portugal
| | - J Ferreira
- Hospital Prof Fernando da Fonseca EPE, Amadora, Portugal
| | - A Freitas
- Hospital Prof Fernando da Fonseca EPE, Amadora, Portugal
| | - C Morais
- Hospital Prof Fernando da Fonseca EPE, Amadora, Portugal
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Silva CL, Passos M, Câmara JS. Investigation of urinary volatile organic metabolites as potential cancer biomarkers by solid-phase microextraction in combination with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Br J Cancer 2011; 105:1894-904. [PMID: 22085842 PMCID: PMC3251876 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-invasive diagnostic strategies aimed at identifying biomarkers of cancer are of great interest for early cancer detection. Urine is potentially a rich source of volatile organic metabolites (VOMs) that can be used as potential cancer biomarkers. Our aim was to develop a generally reliable, rapid, sensitive, and robust analytical method for screening large numbers of urine samples, resulting in a broad spectrum of native VOMs, as a tool to evaluate the potential of these metabolites in the early diagnosis of cancer. METHODS To investigate urinary volatile metabolites as potential cancer biomarkers, urine samples from 33 cancer patients (oncological group: 14 leukaemia, 12 colorectal and 7 lymphoma) and 21 healthy (control group, cancer-free) individuals were qualitatively and quantitatively analysed. Dynamic solid-phase microextraction in headspace mode (dHS-SPME) using a carboxen-polydimethylsiloxane (CAR/PDMS) sorbent in combination with GC-qMS-based metabolomics was applied to isolate and identify the volatile metabolites. This method provides a potential non-invasive method for early cancer diagnosis as a first approach. To fulfil this objective, three important dHS-SPME experimental parameters that influence extraction efficiency (fibre coating, extraction time and temperature of sampling) were optimised using a univariate optimisation design. The highest extraction efficiency was obtained when sampling was performed at 50°C for 60 min using samples with high ionic strengths (17% sodium chloride, w v(-1)) and under agitation. RESULTS A total of 82 volatile metabolites belonging to distinct chemical classes were identified in the control and oncological groups. Benzene derivatives, terpenoids and phenols were the most common classes for the oncological group, whereas ketones and sulphur compounds were the main classes that were isolated from the urine headspace of healthy subjects. The results demonstrate that compound concentrations were dramatically different between cancer patients and healthy volunteers. The positive rates of 16 patients among the 82 identified were found to be statistically different (P<0.05). A significant increase in the peak area of 2-methyl-3-phenyl-2-propenal, p-cymene, anisole, 4-methyl-phenol and 1,2-dihydro-1,1,6-trimethyl-naphthalene in cancer patients was observed. On average, statistically significant lower abundances of dimethyl disulphide were found in cancer patients. CONCLUSIONS Gas chromatographic peak areas were submitted to multivariate analysis (principal component analysis and supervised linear discriminant analysis) to visualise clusters within cases and to detect the volatile metabolites that are able to differentiate cancer patients from healthy individuals. Very good discrimination within cancer groups and between cancer and control groups was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Silva
- Centro de Química da Madeira, Centro de Ciências Exactas e da Engenharia, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, Funchal, Portugal
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Barroso SA, Sanches E, Ferreira M, Passos M, Sá A, Nabiço R, Sotto-Mayor C, Espírito Santo J, San- Bento R. Efficacy and safety of cetuximab, oxaliplatin, and capecitabine as first-line therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC): Results of a phase II study. J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e15013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e15013 Background: To date, few studies have investigated the use of cetuximab in combination with oxaliplatin and capecitabine in the first-line treatment of mCRC. We therefore conducted an uncontrolled, open-label, multicenter study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this combination in this setting. Methods: Patients (pts) received intravenous (iv) oxaliplatin 130 mg/m2 (3h day 1) plus capecitabine 1,000 mg/m2 twice daily (days 1–14) every 3 weeks (XELOX) and cetuximab 400 mg/m2 iv week 1 then 250 mg/m2 weekly over 8 cycles. Treatment was continued until disease progression (PD), unacceptable toxicity or completion of therapy. Pts were followed until death. The primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR). A sample size of 45 pts was necessary to obtain a 95% confidence interval (CI) for ORR with a maximum width of 15% assuming an ORR of 50–80%. Results: From Sept 2005-Jan 2007, 49 pts were enrolled (ITT population): 67% male, mean age 60 (range: 44–75) years, 56.3% ECOG PS 0. Of 42 pts evaluable for ORR, 4 (9.5%) achieved a complete response, 31 (73.8%) a partial response, 6 (14.3%) had stable disease and 1 (2.4%) had PD. The ORR was 83.3% (95% CI: 72.0–94.6%). Median time to progression was 9 months (95% CI: 7.1–10.9 months). Of the 49 pts evaluable for safety, 27 (55.1%) had at least one grade 3/4 toxicity, 42 (85.7%) had acne-like rash (8 pts [16.3%] grade 3). Most common grade 3/4 toxicities included diarrhea (n=9;18.4%) and changes in potassium (n=6;12.2%). 24 (3.4%) AEs led to dose reductions (12 unrelated, 10 unlikely and 2 definitely related to cetuximab), 56 (7.8%) led to a dose delay (12 unrelated, 28 unlikely, 8 possibly, 6 probably, 2 definitely related to cetuximab) and 2 (0.3%) led to infusion rate reduction (not treatment related). 27 (55.1%) pts discontinued therapy: 10 (20.4%) due to AEs, 7 (14.3%) PD, 10 (20.4%) other reasons. 33 (67.3%) pts died: 30 (61.2%) due to PD, 2 (4.1%) intercurrent event/disease, 1 (2.0%) acute pancreatitis. The results according with the HGFR evaluation by IHC will be presented. Conclusions: In this first-line mCRC study, 83.3% of pts treated with cetuximab, oxaliplatin and capecitabine achieved an overall response. This combination appears to be a highly active and well-tolerated regimen. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. A. Barroso
- Hospital Jose J. Fernandes, Beja, Portugal; IPO - Centro Regional do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal; Hospital Central Funchal, Funchal, Portugal; Hospitias da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Hospital de São Marcos, Braga, Portugal; Unidade Local de Saúde de Matosinhos, Matozinhos, Portugal; Hospital Nossa Sra. do Rosário, Barreiro, Portugal; Hospital do Divino Espírito Santo, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - E. Sanches
- Hospital Jose J. Fernandes, Beja, Portugal; IPO - Centro Regional do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal; Hospital Central Funchal, Funchal, Portugal; Hospitias da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Hospital de São Marcos, Braga, Portugal; Unidade Local de Saúde de Matosinhos, Matozinhos, Portugal; Hospital Nossa Sra. do Rosário, Barreiro, Portugal; Hospital do Divino Espírito Santo, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - M. Ferreira
- Hospital Jose J. Fernandes, Beja, Portugal; IPO - Centro Regional do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal; Hospital Central Funchal, Funchal, Portugal; Hospitias da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Hospital de São Marcos, Braga, Portugal; Unidade Local de Saúde de Matosinhos, Matozinhos, Portugal; Hospital Nossa Sra. do Rosário, Barreiro, Portugal; Hospital do Divino Espírito Santo, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - M. Passos
- Hospital Jose J. Fernandes, Beja, Portugal; IPO - Centro Regional do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal; Hospital Central Funchal, Funchal, Portugal; Hospitias da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Hospital de São Marcos, Braga, Portugal; Unidade Local de Saúde de Matosinhos, Matozinhos, Portugal; Hospital Nossa Sra. do Rosário, Barreiro, Portugal; Hospital do Divino Espírito Santo, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - A. Sá
- Hospital Jose J. Fernandes, Beja, Portugal; IPO - Centro Regional do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal; Hospital Central Funchal, Funchal, Portugal; Hospitias da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Hospital de São Marcos, Braga, Portugal; Unidade Local de Saúde de Matosinhos, Matozinhos, Portugal; Hospital Nossa Sra. do Rosário, Barreiro, Portugal; Hospital do Divino Espírito Santo, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - R. Nabiço
- Hospital Jose J. Fernandes, Beja, Portugal; IPO - Centro Regional do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal; Hospital Central Funchal, Funchal, Portugal; Hospitias da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Hospital de São Marcos, Braga, Portugal; Unidade Local de Saúde de Matosinhos, Matozinhos, Portugal; Hospital Nossa Sra. do Rosário, Barreiro, Portugal; Hospital do Divino Espírito Santo, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - C. Sotto-Mayor
- Hospital Jose J. Fernandes, Beja, Portugal; IPO - Centro Regional do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal; Hospital Central Funchal, Funchal, Portugal; Hospitias da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Hospital de São Marcos, Braga, Portugal; Unidade Local de Saúde de Matosinhos, Matozinhos, Portugal; Hospital Nossa Sra. do Rosário, Barreiro, Portugal; Hospital do Divino Espírito Santo, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - J. Espírito Santo
- Hospital Jose J. Fernandes, Beja, Portugal; IPO - Centro Regional do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal; Hospital Central Funchal, Funchal, Portugal; Hospitias da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Hospital de São Marcos, Braga, Portugal; Unidade Local de Saúde de Matosinhos, Matozinhos, Portugal; Hospital Nossa Sra. do Rosário, Barreiro, Portugal; Hospital do Divino Espírito Santo, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - R. San- Bento
- Hospital Jose J. Fernandes, Beja, Portugal; IPO - Centro Regional do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal; Hospital Central Funchal, Funchal, Portugal; Hospitias da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Hospital de São Marcos, Braga, Portugal; Unidade Local de Saúde de Matosinhos, Matozinhos, Portugal; Hospital Nossa Sra. do Rosário, Barreiro, Portugal; Hospital do Divino Espírito Santo, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
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