Age dependent influence of external temperature on the pathogenesis of idiopathic lower extremity deep vein thrombosis

AIM

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the incidence of idiopathic lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT), age, location of the thrombus, and changes of temperature.

MATERIAL AND METHOD

During the two year period between May 2009 and April 2011, inclusive, 124 consecutive patients were diagnosed as having idiopathic lower extremity DVT at the Vascular Surgery Clinic, Clinical Center of Nis, Serbia.

RESULTS

In patients younger than 45 years, the increase in average daily temperature with 1 degree C 7 days before the event took place was associated (p 0.05) with a decrease of the risk of occurrence of idiopathic DVT of the lower limbs of 3.6% (0.4 6.7%) as well as DVT above the knees (p 0.01) of 4.7 % (1.3 8.0%). In patients of the age of 45 years and over the age of 45 years the increase of average daily temperature with 1 degree C 7 days before the event took place was associated (p 0.01) with the increase of the risk of occurrence of DVT below the knees of 9.4% (3.3 15.9%).

CONCLUSION

According to the results of this study, one can conclude that the influence of external temperature change on DVT incidence and location is based on age.

[Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: morphologic, immunologic and cytogenetic classification]

Malignant lymphomas (ML) encompass about 1/6 of all malignant neoplasms. They have been divided into two major categories: Hodgkin's disease (HD) and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL). While the classification of Hodgkin's disease is clearly established, classification of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas is still a histopathological problem, and requires a great pathological experience. Many morphological classifications of NHL are used in different countries. In the last few years the "Working formulation for clinical usage" is widely used. Advances in immunology allowed immunological determination of different histopathological lymphoma cell types. Progress in the field of cytogenetics discovered particular cytogenetics abnormalities in patients with different types of NHL. Modern diagnostic procedures in each patient with NHL, besides clinical staging, require a detailed morphological-immunological-cytogenetical (MIC) classification. MIC classification provides the basis for the modern therapeutical management and better estimation of prognosis and evolution of the disease.

[The role of T-lymphocyte subsets in susceptibility and resistance to induction of autoimmunity in the central nervous system]

The importance of two major subsets of T cells (CD4 and CD8) for the induction of EAE was analysed in two strains of rats differing in susceptibility to EAE and the level of IL 2 production. It was found that CD8 cells do not play a role in the induction or in the inherent resistance to EAE. Additionally, the elimination of CD8 cells does not increase the IL 2 production in lymphoid cell cultures. Based on these and previous results showing that a low dose of cyclophosphamide readily abrogates the resistance to EAE and enhances the IL 2 production. Thus it was concluded that genetically determined differences in susceptibility to EAE are governed by immunoregulatory genes whose effect appears to be mediated at the level of cellular interaction of different subsets of CD4 T cells.

[Detection of human papilloma viruses using in situ hybridization]

First experiences in the diagnosis of human papilloma viruses are reported. The method of in situ hybridization was used together with biotin tests for types of HPV: 6/11, 16/18 and 31/33/51. The study was performed on the preparations of of the cervix tissue with displasmic proliferation and laryngeal papilloma tissues. There have been examined 37 specimens: in 6 were found sequence of HPV genoma for types 6/11 and in 1 specimen for types 16/18 and 31/33/51/.

[Analysis of intracranial aneurysms from autopsy material]

The analysis of 44 intracranial aneurysms found at 7.687 autopsies is performed. The largest number of aneurysms was of congenital (secular) type, then, of arteriosclerotic type while inflammatory and traumatic aneurysms were very rare. The elastic and reticular fibres in the aneurysmal wall and the normal arteries of the base of the brain were identified by a standard and special staining. Significantly decreased quantity and disturbed distribution of the reticular fibres were found in the congenital aneurysms which was considered to be a consequence of degenerative processes. The finding of the preserved elastic internal lamina in the wall of the congenital aneurysm and its absence or fragmentation in cases of arteriosclerotic aneurysms suggest the different etiology and pathogenesis of these aneurysms.

[Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the bone]

Five cases of malignant bone fibrous histiocytoma diagnosed by bioptic material are presented. The authors state that the diagnosis of these rare bone malignant neoplasms do not present a larger diagnostical problem. However, some differential diagnostic problems are often met compared to other bone neoplasms, especially in osteosarcoma, so in these cases are recommended that together with routine histologic examinations in establishment of diagnosis should be also used enzymohistochemical methods, especially alkaline and acid phosphatase. Also, it is necessary to use immunohistochemical methods with corresponding markers which the authors have used in establishment of diagnosis of their cases. Based on the analysis of the presented cases the authors support the theory of J. Brooks on the histogenesis of these tumours within his theory of differentiation of the mesenchimal tissue which is easily recognized in recidives and metastases of soft tissue sarcomas by phenotypes organized at the lower level of differentiation.

[Carcinoma in situ in cryptorchid testes in post-pubertal patients]

The pathohistologic analysis of testis sections of 37 postpuberty patients with different types of cryptorchism is performed. The tissue samples were taken during orchiopehy, fixed in Bouin's solution and treated by the standard histologic techniques. The morphologic criteria are presented for identification of the presence of the so called carcinoma in situ cells found in two cases. Besides, in 13 patients rare, mainly single, atypical germinative cells were found in a smaller number of the seminiferous tubules. It has been concluded that the presence of carcinoma in situ cells in undescended testes of some patients and considering the simple way of sampling, lack of complications and high reliability of the diagnostic procedure, it is absolutely justified to take routine biopsy of testes during orchiopexy in each postpuberty and perhaps prepuberty patient.

[Pulmonary thromboembolism--an autopsy study with clinico-pathologic correlations]

The study comprised 3.629 autopsies performed at the Institute of Pathology and Forensic Medicine of the M.M.A. in the period 1980-1990. Pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) was found in 533 (14.68%) of autopsied cases, that is, 10.88% of all causes of death. In the studied period there is an increased frequency of all PTE, especially of those with fatal outcome (p < 0.05). Of the total number of PTE found at autopsy (533), clinical diagnosis was established in 136 (25.51%), and of all fatal PTE found at autopsy (395) the clinical diagnosis was established in 123 (31.14%) during life. The clinical diagnosis of PTE was confirmed by autopsy in 42.42% of cases. Operations and neoplasms are the most frequent conditions in which PTE is occurred while myocardial infarction is the most frequently misdiagnosed for PTE during establishment of clinical diagnosis.

[Morphologic, morphometric and ultrastructural characteristics of tumor cell nuclei during various stages in colorectal carcinoma]

The comparative analysis was performed of 29 colorectal carcinomas (CC) by the original Duke's classification and quality features of tumour (i.e. nuclear and histologic grades), on the one hand, and the number of the nucleolar organizer region (NOR) as well as the mean nucleolar organizer region area (MNORA), irregularity of the nuclear shape (based on the morphometrically determined "form factor"--FF) on the semi-thin sections, on the other hand. In the same time, the quality ultrastructural analysis of CC nuclei in different stages has been also performed. The significant correlation was found among values of MNORA, clinico-pathologic stage of the disease, histologic differentiation and nuclear grade, while a number of NOR correlated exclusively with the clinico-pathologic stage of the disease. It has been concluded that determination of the number of NOR and MNORA in the nuclei of tumour cells can be an important and objective parameter in evaluation of proliferative CC activity. Accordingly, MNORA represents a more objective and more reliable indicator of proliferative tumour activities.

Suppression of rat tumor colonies in the lung by oxygen at high pressure is a local effect

The effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on the growth of anaplastic carcinoma colonies in rat lungs after intravenous tumor cell injection was studied. From the first day after tumor cell injection, the rats were exposed to HBO for 16-21 days, 90 min per day. Oxygen at a pressure of 300 kPa (3.0 ATA) significantly decreased the number of lung tumor colonies and increased the survival of tumor-bearing rats, whereas the application of oxygen at a pressure of 100 kPa had no effect. An oxygen-nitrogen normoxic mixture balanced with nitrogen to 300 kPa (3.0 ATA) did not affect the number of colonies, suggesting that the effect was specific for oxygen and not for the increased pressure itself. A 6-day application of oxygen at a 300 kPa pressure suppressed the growth of lung tumor colonies when applied on days 1-6 and 7-12 after intravenous tumor cell injection, but had no effect when applied on days 13-18. In contrast to dramatic effects of HBO on the development of artificial lung metastases, the oxygen at the same 300 kPa pressure had no effect on the growth of tumor cells injected in the hind foot. Thus it appears that the suppression of lung tumor colonies by HBO was due to local oxygen effects in the lungs.