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Alenazi DAK, Chandrasekaran S, Soomro MT, Aslam M, Hameed A, Ali S, Danish EY, Ismail IMI. Synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic performance of W 6+ impregnated g-C 3N 4 for the removal of chlorophenol derivatives in natural sunlight exposure. Chemosphere 2021; 265:129135. [PMID: 33302195 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The surface of the g-C3N4 was altered by impregnating W6+ ions that transformed to homogeneously coated oxide layer by a calcination process. An enhanced absorption and the suppressed de-excitation in the emission spectra, with the increasing W6+ loading, exposed the supporting role of the coated layer in extending the spectral response as well as the prolonged life span of excitons. The same was further supported by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The XRD and XPS analysis revealed the coated layer as highly crystalline pure phase monoclinic WO3 with the majority of impregnated tungsten ions in 6+ oxidation state respectively, whereas the FESEM and HRTEM analysis substantiated the uniformity of the coated layer with the interlayer spacing of the 0.369 nm. Additionally, the probable formation of individual WO3 nanoparticles or clusters was ruled out. The as-synthesized impregnated photocatalysts, in comparison to pure g-C3N4, were subjected to natural sunlight exposure for the photocatalytic removal of chlorophenol derivatives (2-CP, 3-CP, 4-CP, 2,3-DCP, 2,4-DCP, 2,4,6-TCP and PCP) that revealed the 5 wt% coating as the optimum level for significant removal. The progress of the photocatalytic process was monitored by periodic HPLC analysis whereas ion chromatography (IC) was used for the estimation of released ions. The mineralization capability of the as-synthesized W6+ coated catalysts was measured by the time scale TOC measurements. As the formation of intermediates was indicated in HPLC analysis, selected samples were subjected to GC-MS analysis for the identification of the nature of intermediates. The variable degree of removal of chlorophenol derivatives signified the role of the position and orientation of Cl group. The kinetics of the removal process was evaluated with the calculation of rate constants. The results extracted from the analytical tools and the associated band edge potentials were correlated to speculate the probable mechanism as well as the identification of major reactive oxygen species (ROS) involved in the removal process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duna A K Alenazi
- Centre of Excellence in Environmental Studies (CEES), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tabuk University, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sivaraman Chandrasekaran
- Centre of Excellence in Environmental Studies (CEES), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Tahir Soomro
- Centre of Excellence in Environmental Studies (CEES), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Aslam
- Centre of Excellence in Environmental Studies (CEES), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - A Hameed
- Centre of Excellence in Environmental Studies (CEES), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; National Centre for Physics, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Shahid Ali
- Center of Research Excellence in Nanotechnology, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ekram Y Danish
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iqbal M I Ismail
- Centre of Excellence in Environmental Studies (CEES), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Al-Qasmi N, Tahir Soomro M, Ismail IM, Danish EY, Al-Ghamdi AA. An enhanced electrocatalytic oxidation and determination of 2,4-dichlorophenol on multilayer deposited functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube/Nafion composite film electrode. ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2015.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Aslam M, Qamar MT, Ali S, Rehman AU, Soomro MT, Ahmed I, Ismail IMI, Hameed A. Evaluation of SnO 2 for sunlight photocatalytic decontamination of water. J Environ Manage 2018; 217:805-814. [PMID: 29660706 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The broad bandgap tin (IV) oxide (SnO2) is the least investigated semiconductor material for photocatalytic water decontamination in sunlight exposure. A detailed study covering the synthesis, characterization and the evaluation of photocatalytic activity of SnO2, in the natural sunlight exposure, is presented. The structural characterization by XRD revealed the formation of phase pure tetragonal SnO2 with the average crystallite size of ∼41.5 nm whereas minor Sn2+ states in the material were identified by XPS analysis. As explored by diffuse reflectance (DR) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, the material exhibited a distinct absorption edge at ∼3.4 eV. The morphological and microstructure analysis of the synthesized SnO2 was carried out by FESEM and HRTEM. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and chronopotentiometry (CP) predicted the better charge transport and retention ability of the material under illumination whereas the Mott-Schottky extrapolation prophesied the n-type behavior with the flat-band potential of -0.60 V. The photocatalytic activity of SnO2 was assessed in the exposure of complete spectrum natural sunlight for the removal of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol. The HPLC and TOC analysis monitored the progress of degradation and mineralization whereas the released chloride ions were evaluated by ion chromatography. The effect of the transition metal ions (Fe3+, Cu2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+) as electron capture agents and H2O2 as ROS generator was explored during the degradation process. The utility of the material for the simultaneous removal of chlorophenols in the mixture was also investigated. The SnO2 exhibited sustained activity in the repeated use. Based on experimental evidence congregated, the mechanism of the removal process and the efficacy of SnO2 for sunlight photocatalytic decontamination of water was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aslam
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Tariq Qamar
- Department of Chemistry, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Ferozepur Road, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Ali
- Center of Excellence in Nanotechnology, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ateeq Ur Rehman
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia
| | - M T Soomro
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ikram Ahmed
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - I M I Ismail
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Hameed
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; National Center of Physics, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
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Al-Qasmi N, Hameed A, Khan AN, Aslam M, Ismail IM, Soomro MT. Mercury meniscus on solid silver amalgam electrode as a sensitive electrochemical sensor for tetrachlorvinphos. Journal of Saudi Chemical Society 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Al-Johani B, N. Khan A, M. Alamshany Z, Gull M, S. Azam E, A. Kosa S, Tahir Soomro M. Synthesis, Electrochemical and Antimicrobial Activity of Colloidal Copper Nanoparticles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.13005/bbra/2568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: The colloidal dispersion of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs), prepared by reducing Cu2+ ions using ascorbic acid, was characterized and used for electrochemical and antimicrobial activity investigations. By depositing CuNPs onto the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface the CuNPs/GCE was constructed, which was used to study electrochemical behavior of CuNPs and to carry out direct electrochemical detection of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and 2-chlorophenol (2-CP) in neutral medium. Excellent electrocatalytic ability of CuNPs, assessed by cyclic voltammetry (CV), for the reduction of TCA and 2-CP was detected. The electrochemical impedance analysis (EIS) of the GCE and CuNPs modified GCE evidenced higher charge transfer activity across the modified electrode surface. The antibacterial activity tests of as-synthesized CuNPs on the selected pathogenic strains of pathogenic strains of Salmonella group B (7.9±0.912), Klebsiella pneumonia (8.33±1.561), Escherichia Coli (15.65±1.612), Enterococcus faecalis (5.4±0.612), Staphylococcus aureus (12.6±1.531) and yeast Candida albicans (11.4.3±1.512), respectively, were performed. The results indicated that the use of CuNPs can be pursued as an alternative strategy (to antibiotics) for averting infections by controlling bacterial adhesion and bacterial bio-film formation against microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma Al-Johani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amna N. Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahra M. Alamshany
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Munazza Gull
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elham S. Azam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samia A. Kosa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M. Tahir Soomro
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Aslam M, Qamar MT, Soomro MT, Ismail IMI, Rehan ZA, Ashraf MW, Hameed A. The effect of cerium alteration on the photocatalytic performance of WO3 in sunlight exposure for water decontamination. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra22002e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In an effort to enhance the photocatalytic activity of cubic WO3 in sunlight exposure, its surface was modified by impregnating the Ce3+ ions ranging from 1% to 25% with a step of 5% with respect to the weight of WO3.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Aslam
- Centre of Excellence in Environmental Studies (CEES)
- King Abdulaziz University
- Jeddah 21589
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - M. Tariq Qamar
- Centre of Excellence in Environmental Studies (CEES)
- King Abdulaziz University
- Jeddah 21589
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department
| | - M. Tahir Soomro
- Centre of Excellence in Environmental Studies (CEES)
- King Abdulaziz University
- Jeddah 21589
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Iqbal M. I. Ismail
- Centre of Excellence in Environmental Studies (CEES)
- King Abdulaziz University
- Jeddah 21589
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department
| | - Zulfiqar Ahmad Rehan
- Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Science
- King Abdulaziz University
- Jeddah 21589
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - M. Waqar Ashraf
- Department of Mathematics & Natural Sciences
- Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University
- Al Khobar 31952
- Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Hameed
- Centre of Excellence in Environmental Studies (CEES)
- King Abdulaziz University
- Jeddah 21589
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- National Centre for Physics
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Aslam M, Soomro MT, Ismail IMI, Qari HA, Gondal MA, Hameed A. The facile synthesis, characterization and evaluation of photocatalytic activity of bimetallic FeBiO3 in natural sunlight exposure. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra18808c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In an effort to develop sunlight active photocatalysts for environmental remediation, a phase pure bimetallic oxide, FeBiO3, was synthesized by a facile route.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Aslam
- Centre of Excellence in Environmental Studies (CEES)
- King Abdulaziz University
- Jeddah 21589
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - M. Tahir Soomro
- Centre of Excellence in Environmental Studies (CEES)
- King Abdulaziz University
- Jeddah 21589
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Iqbal M. I. Ismail
- Centre of Excellence in Environmental Studies (CEES)
- King Abdulaziz University
- Jeddah 21589
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department
| | - Huda A. Qari
- Department of Biological Sciences
- Faculty of Science
- King Abdulaziz University
- Jeddah 21589
- Saudi Arabia
| | - M. A. Gondal
- Department of Physics
- King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
- Dhahran 31261
- Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Hameed
- Centre of Excellence in Environmental Studies (CEES)
- King Abdulaziz University
- Jeddah 21589
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- National Centre for Physics
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Soomro MT, Ismail I, Hameed A, Aslam M. A Simple Electrochemical Approach for Determination and Direct Monitoring of Drug Degradation in Water. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.12944/cwe.8.3.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Abstract
In present study, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Co, Pb, Cr, Ni and Cd were analyzed by FAAS in green and black tea samples of locally available in the Pakistani market. Na and K were also determined by Flame Photometer. Tea leaves can be the source of mineral components and trace elements, as well as some undesirable substances due to exposure to the environment. Among the metals tested, K was the most abundant one followed by Na, Mn and Fe. Fortunately, toxic heavy metals, Pb and Cd, had the lowest contents in tea samples and also in tea aqueous extracts. Concentration of heavy metals in tea aqueous extract was markedly lower than their total contents except that of K. The solubility of studied metals in tea aqueous extract varied widely and ranged from 0.0-95%. The lowest ranges of solubility were listed for toxic heavy metals Pb and Cd. The possible uptake of metals by the human body from tea aqueous extract has also been determined. The amounts of metals that one may take up through consumption of tea aqueous extract were found to match the acceptable daily intake even taking into account exposure from air, food and drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tahir Soomro
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Pakistan
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