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Sáadatnia A, Mohammadi GR, Azizzadeh M, Mirshahi A, Mohieddini AA, Buczinski S. Effect of ultrasonographic lung consolidation on health and growth in dairy calves: A longitudinal study. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:8047-8059. [PMID: 37641278 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a common and complex disease process in calves. Subclinical disease exists and early detection can be challenging due to inconsistent or nonexistent clinical signs. Thoracic ultrasonography (TUS) is often used and has the potential to improve the identification of respiratory diseases. Combining systematic TUS with clinical examination allows distinguishing BRD, including upper respiratory tract disease (clinical signs of respiratory disease, but no significant lung consolidation), clinical pneumonia (clinical signs of respiratory disease along with lung consolidations), and subclinical pneumonia (no clinical signs, but lung consolidations). Data on subclinical pneumonia are scarce, particularly outside of the North American or European contexts similar to Iran in west Asia with a dry and semi-arid climate and intensive breeding systems similar to North America which breeding calves begin in individual boxes, then moving to group pens, and finally to free stall or open shed housing systems. The first objective of this longitudinal study was to use weekly ultrasonography to monitor calves from birth until weaning in an Iranian dairy herd. The second objective was to look for any association between individual lung consolidation episode or cumulative consolidation episodes on preweaning growth. Thoracic ultrasonography was performed on calves (n = 221) weekly from birth to weaning (8 wk), and scanning occasions for each calf were equally distributed with 1-wk intervals (using consolidation threshold ≥3 cm as a specific lung consolidation definition, and ≥1 cm as a more sensitive threshold). Calf body weights were recorded using a weight tape. Other information recorded were transfer of passive immunity (TPI) using serum Brix (%) ≥8.4% as adequate TPI within the first week after birth and the treatment history of the calves. The main strategy for modeling was to determine how long-term lung consolidation affects average daily gain (ADG) during the preweaning period. A linear model was used to determine the effect of the number of weeks with consolidation on ADG. Using consolidation threshold of ≥3 cm, the mean (±SD) of total ADG for calves with no consolidation episode, 1 consolidation episode, and 2 or more consolidation episodes were 0.45 (±0.10), 0.39 (±0.10), and 0.38 (±0.11) kg/d, respectively. In the final multivariable regression analysis model and based on consolidation threshold of ≥3 cm, calves with 1 and 2 or more consolidation episodes had significantly lower ADG ± standard error (SE) of 0.04 ± 0.02 kg/d, and 0.06 ± 0.02 kg/d, respectively compared with animals with no consolidation episode. A total of 20% of calves (46/229 calves that entered the study) were treated for respiratory disease based on clinical signs (based on farmer examination). The final model also included specific confounders related to ADG and their interactions with lung consolidation (TPI and BRD treatment). An overall of 86% of adequate TPI was obtained. Bovine respiratory disease treatment based on farmer diagnosis had a larger negative effect on preweaning ADG than ultrasonography-diagnosed consolidation episodes (lower ADG ± SE of 0.10 ± 0.03 kg/d). When using a more sensitive consolidation threshold (≥1 cm as consolidation), the number of weeks with consolidation was also negatively associated with the ADG in the multivariable linear regression model with significant difference of 0.05 ± 0.02 kg/d for nonconsolidated calves versus calves consolidated for 2 or more weeks and insignificant difference of 0.01 ± 0.02 kg/d for nonconsolidated calves versus calves with 1 consolidation episode.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sáadatnia
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran 9177948974
| | - G R Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran 9177948974.
| | - M Azizzadeh
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran 9177948974
| | - A Mirshahi
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran 9177948974
| | - A A Mohieddini
- Private veterinary practitioner, Tehran, Iran 3314143581
| | - S Buczinski
- Département des Sciences Cliniques, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
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Ghaemmaghami M, Rajabioun M, Khoramian B, Azizzadeh M, Naserian AA. Ultrasonographic evaluation of the supramammary lymph nodes and udder's tissue in Saanen goat and its relation with subclinical mastitis. Iran J Vet Res 2023; 24:227-234. [PMID: 38269007 PMCID: PMC10804428 DOI: 10.22099/ijvr.2023.43430.6352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Background Precise and on-time diagnosis of the udder's diseases is important, because of their economic importance. Udder structures like teat, parenchyma, and supramammary lymph nodes can be evaluated by ultrasonography. Aims The study aimed to evaluate the ultrasonographic technique for imaging the supramammary lymph nodes and udder's tissue in Saanen goats and the relation between the findings of ultrasonography and subclinical mastitis. Methods Thirty milking Saanen goats were evaluated in the study. Milk sampling from each teat was performed under standard conditions for bacteriological culture and somatic cell count (SCC). A 7.5 MHz linear transducer was used for the ultrasonography of teats with the water bath technique, and supramammary lymph nodes and udder's tissues were imaged using a 10 MHz linear transducer with direct contact. The length, height, area, and echogenicity of each lymph node and the teat canal wall diameter were measured using ImageJ 1.47v on the ultrasonography scanned images and analyzed by SPSS software. Results There was no significant relationship between the dimension of the supramammary lymph nodes and SCC or culture. Age had a positive relationship with lymph node size. No significant relationship was seen between the size of the supramammary lymph node before and after the treatment. Supramammary lymph nodes' echogenicity of the quarter with subclinical mastitis and healthy ones represented no significant difference before and after the treatment. Conclusion Ultrasonography of the udder, teat, mammary gland, and supramammary lymph nodes is a safe and non-invasive method for visualizing separate structures. The positive relationship between SCC and milk echogenicity as well as supramammary lymph nodes dimension, and age was described.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Ghaemmaghami
- Graduated from Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - M. Rajabioun
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - B. Khoramian
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - M. Azizzadeh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - A. A. Naserian
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Alhilali MJ, Parham A, Attaranzadeh A, Amirian M, Azizzadeh M. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Develops the Complications of Assisted Reproductive Technologies. Arch Razi Inst 2022; 77:1459-1464. [PMID: 36883162 PMCID: PMC9985778 DOI: 10.22092/ari.2022.358889.2329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a serious complication that remains a threat to every patient experiencing stimulation of ovulation. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) appears to be the most important predisposing factor for OHSS. The severity of OHSS is associated with the degree of the follicular response to the ovulation inducing agents. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between PCOS with the risk of moderate-to-severe OHSS in intracytoplasmic sperm injection treatment patients. Sixty patients in the reproductive ages (20-38), including OHSS patients and age-matched normoresponders were included in this study. Patients who had larger follicle counts on the day of hCG injection were considered at risk for developing moderate-to-severe OHSS. In addition, oocyte quality was assessed about 20-30 min after oocyte pickup. The incidence of OHSS in PCOS patients increased significantly up to 13.9 times higher than in patients without PCOS (OR=13.900; P=0.007). Moreover, moderate-to-severe OHSS increased significantly (OR=3.860; P=0.043) in patients with primary infertility than those with secondary infertility. In addition, oocyte quality was not affected with the severity of OHSS. In conclusion, the risk of moderate-to-severe OHSS is correlated with PCOS and primary infertility without affecting oocyte quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Alhilali
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, AlQadisiyiah University, Diwanyiah, Iraq.,Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - A Parham
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.,Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Research Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - A Attaranzadeh
- Milad Center for Infertility Treatment, Mashhad, Iran.,Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - M Amirian
- Milad Center for Infertility Treatment, Mashhad, Iran.,Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - M Azizzadeh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Chapa JM, Lidauer L, Steininger A, Öhlschuster M, Potrusil T, Sigler M, Auer W, Azizzadeh M, Drillich M, Iwersen M. Erratum to “Use of a real-time location system to detect cows in distinct functional areas within a barn” (JDS Commun. 2:217–222). JDS Communications 2022; 3:163. [PMID: 36342863 PMCID: PMC9623691 DOI: 10.3168/jdsc.2022-3-2-163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Chapa J, Lidauer L, Steininger A, Öhlschuster M, Potrusil T, Sigler M, Auer W, Azizzadeh M, Drillich M, Iwersen M. Use of a real-time location system to detect cows in distinct functional areas within a barn. JDS Communications 2021; 2:217-222. [PMID: 36338440 PMCID: PMC9623617 DOI: 10.3168/jdsc.2020-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The RTLS achieved high accuracy in locating cows in alleys, feed bunk and cubicles. Location and time spent in important barn areas can be automatically determined and used as indicators of health. The potential of combining RTLS with other sensors technologies was discussed.
Automated sensor-based monitoring of cows has become an important tool in herd management to improve or maintain animal health and welfare. Location systems offer the ability to locate animals within the barn for, for example, artificial insemination. Furthermore, they have the potential to measure the time cows spend in important areas of the barn, which might indicate need for improvement in the management of the herd or individuals. In this study, we tested the sensor-based real-time location system (RTLS) Smartbow (SB, Smartbow GmbH) under field conditions. The objectives of this study were (1) to determine the accuracy of the system to predict the location of the cow and the agreement between visual observations and RTLS observations for the total time spent by cows in relevant areas of the barn and (2) to compare the performance of 2 different algorithms (Alg1 and Alg2) for cow location. The study was conducted on a commercial Austrian dairy farm. In total, 35 lactating cows were video recorded for 3 consecutive days. From these recordings, approximately 1 h was selected randomly each day for every cow (3 d × 35 cows). Simultaneously, location data were collected and classified by the RTLS system as dedicated to the alley, feed bunk, or cubicle on a 1-min resolution. A total of 6,030 paired observations were derived from visual observations (VO) and the RTLS and used for the final data analysis. Substantial agreement of categorical data between VO and SB was obtained by Cohen's kappa for both algorithms (Alg1 = 0.76 and Alg2 = 0.78). Similar results were achieved by both algorithms throughout the study, with a slight improvement for Alg2. The ability of the system to locate the cows in the predefined areas was assessed, and the results from Alg2 showed sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of alley (74.0, 91.2, and 76.9%), feed bunk (93.5, 86.2, and 89.1%), and cubicle (90.5, 83.3, and 95.4%) and an overall accuracy of 87.6%.The correlation coefficient (r) between VO and SB for the total time cows spent (within 1 h) in the predefined areas was good to strong (r = 0.82, 0.98, and 0.92 for alley, feed bunk, and cubicle, respectively). These results show the potential of the system to automatically assess total time spent by cows in important areas of the barn for indoor settings. Future studies should focus on evaluating 24-h periods to assess time budgets and to combine technologies such as accelerometers and location systems to improve the performance of behavior prediction in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.M. Chapa
- FFoQSI GmbH—Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Technopark 1C, 3430 Tulln, Austria
- Clinical Unit for Herd Health Management in Ruminants, University Clinic for Ruminants, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | - M. Sigler
- Smartbow GmbH, 4675 Weibern, Austria
| | - W. Auer
- Smartbow GmbH, 4675 Weibern, Austria
| | - M. Azizzadeh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, 9177948974, Iran
| | - M. Drillich
- Clinical Unit for Herd Health Management in Ruminants, University Clinic for Ruminants, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - M. Iwersen
- Clinical Unit for Herd Health Management in Ruminants, University Clinic for Ruminants, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Corresponding author
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Goharshahi M, Azizzadeh M, Lidauer L, Steininger A, Kickinger F, Öhlschuster M, Auer W, Klein-Jöbstl D, Drillich M, Iwersen M. Monitoring selected behaviors of calves by use of an ear-attached accelerometer for detecting early indicators of diarrhea. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:6013-6019. [PMID: 33663846 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
One of the most important diseases in calves worldwide is neonatal calf diarrhea (NCD), which impairs calf welfare and leads to economic losses. The aim of this study was to test whether the activity patterns of calves can be used as early indicators to identify animals at risk for suffering from NCD, compared with physical examination. We monitored 310 healthy female Holstein-Friesian calves on a commercial dairy farm immediately after birth, equipped them with an ear tag-based accelerometer (Smartbow, Smartbow GmbH), and conducted daily physical examinations during the first 28 d of life. The Smartbow system captured acceleration data indicative of standing and lying periods and activity levels (active and inactive), shown as minutes per hour. We categorized calves as diarrheic if they showed fecal scores of ≥3 on a 4-point scale on at least 2 consecutive days. Incidence of diarrhea was 50.7% (n = 148). A mixed logistic regression model showed that lying [odds ratio (OR) = 1.19], inactive (OR = 1.14), and active (OR = 0.92) times, 1 d before clinical identification of diarrhea (d -1), were associated with the odds of diarrhea occurring on the subsequent day. Receiver operating characteristics curve showed that lying time at d -1 was a fair predictor for diarrhea on the subsequent day (area under curve = 0.69). Average lying time on d -1 was 64.8 min longer in diarrheic calves compared with their controls. Median lying and inactive times decreased, and active time increased with age over the study period. The 24-h pattern of behavior indices based on the output of the Smartbow system followed periods of resting and active times, and showed that between 2200 h and 0600 h, calves spent the greatest percentage of time lying and inactive. These results showed that the accelerometer system has the potential to detect early indicators associated with NCD. In future studies, additional data for the development and testing of calf- and event-specific algorithms (e.g., for detecting milk intake, playing behavior) should be collected, which might further improve the early detection of diarrhea in calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Goharshahi
- Clinical Unit for Herd Health Management in Ruminants, University Clinic for Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - M Azizzadeh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 9177948974 Mashhad, Iran; Guest researcher, Clinical Unit for Herd Health Management in Ruminants, University Clinic for Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - L Lidauer
- Smartbow GmbH, 4675 Weibern, Austria
| | | | | | | | - W Auer
- Smartbow GmbH, 4675 Weibern, Austria
| | - D Klein-Jöbstl
- Clinical Unit for Herd Health Management in Ruminants, University Clinic for Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - M Drillich
- Clinical Unit for Herd Health Management in Ruminants, University Clinic for Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - M Iwersen
- Clinical Unit for Herd Health Management in Ruminants, University Clinic for Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
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Rahimi MR, Khoramian B, Drillich M, Azizzadeh M. Monitoring udder health status using somatic cell counts in Holstein dairy herds located in north-east of Iran and effectiveness of 10-point mastitis control program. Iran J Vet Res 2021; 22:326-330. [PMID: 35126540 PMCID: PMC8806178 DOI: 10.22099/ijvr.2021.40046.5805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The somatic cell count (SCC) of individual cow samples is a useful proxy for monitoring udder health status. AIMS The present study aimed to provide updated information about udder health in Iranian Holstein dairy cattle, and to quantify the effectiveness of the mastitis control program. METHODS A total of 17,990 monthly test-day records from 1,663 Holstein dairy cattle in 10 "regular" herds and 2,389 test-day records from 386 Holstein dairy cattle in 2 herds that were assigned to the 10-point mastitis control program ("controlled" herds) were included. Each test-day record comprised the date of recording, daily milk production (kg), fat and protein (%), days in milk, parity, and SCC. RESULTS Median (Q1-Q3) SCC × 103 for "regular" and "controlled" herds were 136 (52-391) and 64 (24-204) cells/ml, respectively. Also, the percentage of records containing SCC >200,000 cells/ml (elevated SCC) for these groups were 40.3% and 25.5%, respectively. Mixed effects logistic analysis revealed that milk records from cows in the first lactation, early lactation, and with >40 kg daily milk yield had lower odds of elevated SCC. The odds of elevated SCC were lower in summer and autumn than in winter. CONCLUSION Host and environmental characteristics influence SCC. This should be considered for the interpretation of SCC results. Mastitis control programs can support dairy producers to reach a standard level of udder health.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. R. Rahimi
- Graduated from Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - B. Khoramian
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - M. Drillich
- Clinical Unit for Herd Health Management in Ruminants, University Clinic for Ruminants, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M. Azizzadeh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Barzan M, Rad M, Hashemi Tabar G, Azizzadeh M. Phylogenetic analysis of Escherichia coli isolates from healthy and diarrhoeic calves in Mashhad, Iran. BJVM 2017. [DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the normal ultrasonographic biometry of the Persian cat's eyes using B-mode ultrasonography. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, 20 healthy Persian cats with no history of previous ophthalmic disease were examined. Ocular biometry of the left and right eyes was measured using B-mode ultrasonography. Comparison of the average measurements between left and right eyes and between vertical and horizontal planes was performed using paired-sample t test. Correlation of ocular parameters with sex, age, head circumference and eye colour was evaluated. RESULTS Mean ± standard deviation (SD) measurements of the ocular structures of anterior chamber, lens thickness, vitreous chamber and anterior to posterior dimension of the globe in 40 eyes were 4.1 ± 0.7, 7.7 ± 0.5, 8.2 ± 0.4 and 20.7 ± 1.0 mm, respectively. No significant difference was found between the ocular biometry of the left and right eyes or the horizontal and vertical planes. Of the ocular parameters, the following had a significant positive correlation with head circumference: axial globe length, anterior chamber and lens thickness. The vitreous body had a positive correlation with age. CONCLUSIONS Regarding the breed predisposition of Persian cats to ocular problems, the present study provides baseline information for further clinical investigations of ocular abnormalities using B-mode ultrasonography.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mirshahi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, PO Box 91775-193, Mashhad, Iran.
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Hosseininejad M, Malmasi A, Hosseini F, Selk-Ghaffari M, Khorrami N, Mohebali M, Shojaee S, Mirani A, Azizzadeh M, Mirshokraei P, Aliari A. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Dogs in Tehran, Iran. Iran J Parasitol 2011; 6:81-5. [PMID: 22347278 PMCID: PMC3279871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2010] [Accepted: 12/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxoplasma gondii infects a wide range of animals; felines are definitive hosts and other animals including the dogs are intermediate hosts. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in dogs in Tehran, capital of Iran and to investigate possible associated risk factors. METHODS Three hundreds ninety six serum samples were collected during 2007-8 from the dogs. Collected samples were tested using an indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) in dilutions of 1:16 and more. All procedures were carried out in Shahrekord University, Iran. All the data were analyzed using SPSS software, qui square test with confidence interval of 0.95. RESULTS From evaluated samples, 89 (22.47%) were positive in titers of at least 1:16. further evaluations in other dilutions showed positive results in dilutions of maximum 1:16, 1:32, 1:64, 1:128 and 1:256 in 38, 29, 15, 2 and 5 dogs respectively. Investigation of the role of risk factors showed no sex predisposition while infection rate was significantly higher in dogs older than one year old. Living places were of significant importance; infection rate was significantly higher in stray or guard dogs in compare with household dogs (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Relatively high seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in dogs in Tehran shows high environmental contamination. It is recommended that the dogs with suspected clinical signs be tested for T. gondii infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hosseininejad
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Shahrekord, Shahrekord, Iran
,Research Institute of Animal Embryo Technology, University of Shahrekord, Iran,Research Institute of Zoonotic Diseases, University of Shahrekord, Shahrekord, Iran,Corresponding author:E-mail:
| | - A Malmasi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - F Hosseini
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Shahrekord, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - M Selk-Ghaffari
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University- Karadj Branch, Karadj, Iran
| | - N Khorrami
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Mohebali
- School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Shojaee
- School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Mirani
- Research Institute of Zoonotic Diseases, University of Shahrekord, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - M Azizzadeh
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - P Mirshokraei
- Research Institute of Animal Embryo Technology, University of Shahrekord, Iran
| | - A Aliari
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Tinea capitis is a relatively common fungal infection of childhood. Griseofulvin has been the mainstay of treatment for many years. However, newer oral antifungal agents are being used more frequently. OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of fluconazole in comparison with griseofulvin in the treatment of tinea capitis. METHODS We performed a single-blind, randomized, prospective evaluation of 40 patients with a clinical and mycologic diagnosis of tinea capitis. One group received fluconazole for 4 weeks. The other group received griseofulvin for 6 weeks. Five clinical parameters were evaluated. Mycologic examinations were performed at baseline and at the end of 8 weeks. RESULTS Patients ranged in age from 1 to 16 years; 80% were boys and 20% were girls. Mycologic examinations disclosed Trichophyton verrucosum in 40% of patients, T. violaceum in 40% and Microsporum canis in 20%. At week 8, the griseofulvin-treated group showed a cure rate of 76%, and the fluconazole-treated group 78%. The cure rates were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Fluconazole constitutes an alternative but, because of greater availability and lower cost, griseofulvin remains the treatment of choice for tinea capitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dastghaib
- Dermatology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Esmaeili H, Hamidiya Z, Mirlati S, Mankhian A, Hajiyani G, Esmaeili H, Azizzadeh M. P1228 Seroprevalence of blood-borne infections among blood donors in Boushehr, Iran. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(07)71068-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Azizzadeh M, Mohri M, Seifi HA. Effect of oral zinc supplementation on hematology, serum biochemistry, performance, and health in neonatal dairy calves. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-005-0559-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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