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Nagpal BN, Ghosh SK, Eapen A, Srivastava A, Sharma MC, Singh VP, Parashar BD, Prakash S, Mendki MJ, Tikar SN, Saxena R, Gupta S, Tiwari SN, Ojha VP, Ravindran KJ, Ganesan K, Rao AN, Sharma RS, Tuli NR, Yadav NK, Vijayaraghavan R, Dua VK, Dash AP, Kaushik MP, Joshi PL, Valecha N. Control of Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus, the vectors of dengue and chikungunya, by using pheromone C21 with an insect growth regulator: Results of multicentric trials from 2007-12 in India. J Vector Borne Dis 2015; 52:224-231. [PMID: 26418653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Aedes mosquito control has gained much importance nowadays in view of rise in number of reported cases of dengue and chikungunya in India and other countries. In the present study, C21 attracticide (containing a pheromone and an insect growth regulator—IGR, developed by Defence Research and Development Establishment (DRDE), Gwalior, India was tested for its feasibility for surveillance and control of Aedes mosquito in a multicentric mode from October 2007 to June 2012 in urban (Delhi, and Bengaluru district, Karnataka) and suburban (Alappuzha district, Kerala) settings of the country in three phases. METHODS Across the randomly selected households in each study area, two to four containers treated with attracticide (experimental) and untreated (control) were placed and monitored by trained surveillance workers on weekly/ fortnightly basis for determining the presence of eggs, larvae and pupae. Container positivity, percent larvae, egg and pupae collected were determined during different phases and analyzed statistically using SPSS 18.0. RESULTS Container positivity was found statistically significant at Bengaluru and Alappuzha, Kerala while in Delhi, it was found non-significant. Eggs collected from experimental containers were significantly higher in comparison to control at all the locations except Delhi. Also larvae collected from control containers were significantly higher at all the locations except Bengaluru. Pupae collected from control containers remained significantly higher at all the locations as no pupal formation was recorded from experimental containers. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION The use of C21 attracticide hampered pupal formation, thus inhibiting adult population in the study areas. The study established that C21 attracticide was efficacious in the field conditions and has potential for use in surveillance and management of dengue and chikungunya mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rekha Saxena
- National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India
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Sathe M, Srivastava S, Merwyn S, Agarwal GS, Kaushik MP. Competitive immunochromatographic assay for the detection of thiodiglycol sulfoxide, a degradation product of sulfur mustard. Analyst 2015; 139:5118-26. [PMID: 25121638 DOI: 10.1039/c4an00720d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An immunochromatographic assay (ICA) based on the competitive antigen-coated format using colloidal gold as the label was developed for the detection of thiodiglycol sulfoxide (TDGO), an important metabolite and degradation compound of sulphur mustard (SM). The ICA test strip consisted of a membrane with a detection zone, a sample pad and an absorbent pad. The membrane was separately coated with hapten-OVA conjugate (test line) and anti-rabbit mouse IgG (control line). The visual detection limit for TDGO by ICA detection was found to be 10 μg mL(-1). For validation, the ICA results obtained for spiked water samples were in good agreement with those obtained by indirect competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for TDGO. The assay time for detection was less than 10 min. The developed ICA has the potential to be a useful on-site screening tool for the retrospective detection of SM in environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Sathe
- Process Technology Development Division, Discovery Centre, Defense R & D Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, India.
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Verma SK, Ghorpade R, Kaushik MP. Arylation of Amines and Monoarylation of Symmetrical Diamines in the Presence of Brine Solution with Diheteroaryl Halides. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2013.804931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev K. Verma
- a Discovery Centre, Process Technology Development Division , Defence Research and Development , Gwalior , India
| | - Ramarao Ghorpade
- a Discovery Centre, Process Technology Development Division , Defence Research and Development , Gwalior , India
| | - M. P. Kaushik
- a Discovery Centre, Process Technology Development Division , Defence Research and Development , Gwalior , India
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Rao GBD, Anjaneyulu B, Kaushik MP. Greener and expeditious one-pot synthesis of dihydropyrimidinone derivatives using non-commercial β-ketoesters via the Biginelli reaction. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra06587e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An expeditious synthesis of novel 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one derivatives has been developed using a multi-component reaction involving the in situ generation of non-commercial β-ketoesters via transesterification of tert-butyl-β-ketoester with corresponding alcohol followed by the Biginelli reaction with arylaldehyde and urea in one-pot at 110 °C under green conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. B. Dharma Rao
- Discovery Centre
- Process Technology Development Division
- Defence R&D Establishment
- Gwalior – 474002, India
| | - B. Anjaneyulu
- Discovery Centre
- Process Technology Development Division
- Defence R&D Establishment
- Gwalior – 474002, India
| | - M. P. Kaushik
- Discovery Centre
- Process Technology Development Division
- Defence R&D Establishment
- Gwalior – 474002, India
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Bandyopadhyay P, Prasad GK, Sathe M, Sharma P, Kumar A, Kaushik MP. Titania nanomaterials: efficient and recyclable heterogeneous catalysts for the solvent-free synthesis of poly-substituted quinolines via Friedlander hetero-annulation. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra46128a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Agrawal SK, Panini P, Sathe M, Chopra D, Kaushik MP. Design and synthesis of cyclic depsipeptides containing triazole (CDPT) rings. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra45100c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Kumar P, Deb U, Kaushik MP. Evaluation of oleoresin capsicum of Capsicum frutescenes var. Nagahari containing various percentages of capsaicinoids following inhalation as an active ingredient for tear gas munitions. Inhal Toxicol 2013; 24:659-66. [PMID: 22906172 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2012.709547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Comparative efficacy as peripheral sensory irritant, oral and inhalation exposure studies were carried out on oleoresin capsicum (OC) of Capsicum frutescence var. Nagahari containing various percentages of capsaicinoids and two synthetic isomers of capsaicin in Swiss albino male mouse model to come up with a suitable active ingredient from natural source for tear gas munitions. The compounds screened were OC having varying percentages of capsaicinoids (20, 40 and 80%, respectively) and synthetic isomers (E and Z) of capsaicin (8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide). Mice were exposed to pyrotechnically generated smoke of the compounds in an all glass static exposure chamber for 15 min to determine acute inhalation toxicity (LC₅₀) and quantitative sensory irritation potential (RD₅₀). Acute oral median lethal dose (LD₅₀) was also evaluated. Safety index of tear gas (SITG), a ratio of lethal concentration 50% (LC₅₀) and the concentration which depresses respiration by 50% (RD₅₀) due to peripheral sensory irritation is also proposed. The compound having highest SITG is considered as the most suitable to be used for tear gas munitions. The study revealed that oleoresin capsicum containing 40% capsaicinoids had the highest SITG among the compounds studied. The oral dosage versus mortality pattern of some compounds did not follow a true dose-response curve (DRC); however, following inhalation, all the compounds followed DRC. It was concluded that oleoresin capsicum (40% capsaicinoids) may be considered as the most suitable and environmental friendly compound from natural source to be used as an active ingredient for tear gas munitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin Kumar
- Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior-474002, India.
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Verma SK, Acharya BN, Ghorpade R, Pratap A, Kaushik MP. A DBU–diheteroaryl halide adduct as the fastest current N-diheteroarylating agent. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra43179g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Acharya J, Rana H, Aditya Kapil V, Kaushik MP. In vitro reactivation of organophosphorus (OP)-inhibited electric eel acetylcholinesterase by novel monoquaternary pyridinium oximes. Med Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-012-0128-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar
- a Process Technology Development Division, Defence R&D Establishment , Jhansi Road, Gwalior , 474002 , India
| | - M. P. Kaushik
- a Process Technology Development Division, Defence R&D Establishment , Jhansi Road, Gwalior , 474002 , India
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Sathe M, Ghorpade R, Merwyn S, Agarwal GS, Kaushik MP. Direct hapten-linked competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CIELISA) for the detection of O-pinacolyl methylphosphonic acid. Analyst 2012; 137:406-13. [DOI: 10.1039/c1an15773f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sathe M, Merwyn S, Ghorpade R, Agarwal GS, Rao MK, Rai GP, Kaushik MP. Design and synthesis of immunoconjugates and development of competition inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CIEIA) for the detection of O-isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate (sarin): an organophosphorous toxicant. J Hazard Mater 2011; 192:1720-1728. [PMID: 21782327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Three haptens of the organophosphorus (OP) toxicant 'sarin' having different spacer arm were designed and synthesized. Haptens were conjugated with BSA (bovine serum albumin) and ovalbumin (OVA) for raising antibody and coating antigen. High antibody titer with higher specificity was obtained from 4-(4-(isopropoxy(methyl)phosphoryloxy)phenylamino)-4-oxobutanoic acid (hapten B) having reasonable long spacer arm. For the standard curve, an IC(50) (inhibitory concentration) of free antigen was found to be 0.415 μg mL(-1) on the basis of indirect competitive ELISA. The study revealed that heterology in competition inhibition enzyme immunoassay (CIEIA) produced remarkable improvement in the sensitivity and specificity of the assay. Under the optimized conditions, the quantitative working range was found to be 0.19-1.56 μg mL(-1) with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.05 μg mL(-1). The antibodies showed negligible cross reactivity (CR) with other OP toxicants and pesticides, which makes the assay suitable for the selective detection of sarin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Sathe
- Discovery Centre, Process Technology Development Division Defence R & D Establishment, Gwalior, India
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Kumar V, Rana H, Kaushik MP. A naked-eye selective detection of cyanide ion: studies on the effect of chromophores and spacers on ditopic receptors. Analyst 2011; 136:1873-80. [DOI: 10.1039/c0an00959h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Verma SK, Acharya BN, Kaushik MP. Chemospecific and ligand free CuI catalysed heterogeneous N-arylation of amines with diheteroaryl halides at room temperature. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:1324-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00859a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kumar R, Gupta AK, Kaushik MP. Surface-Mediated Synthesis of O-Alkyl 2-Methoxyethyl Alkylphosphonates Under Solvent Free Conditions: Potential Marker of Nerve Agents. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10426500903496705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar
- a Process Technology Development Division , Defence R & D Establishment , Gwalior, India
| | - A. K. Gupta
- a Process Technology Development Division , Defence R & D Establishment , Gwalior, India
| | - M. P. Kaushik
- a Process Technology Development Division , Defence R & D Establishment , Gwalior, India
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev K. Verma
- Process Technology Development Division, Defence R & D Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior-474002 (MP) India
| | - B. N. Acharya
- Process Technology Development Division, Defence R & D Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior-474002 (MP) India
| | - M. P. Kaushik
- Process Technology Development Division, Defence R & D Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior-474002 (MP) India
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Sathe M, Ghorpade R, Srivastava AK, Kaushik MP. In vivo antimalarial evaluation of Gomphostenins. J Ethnopharmacol 2010; 130:171-174. [PMID: 20452412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2010] [Revised: 03/29/2010] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aims to evaluate the in vivo antimalarial potential of the leaf extract of Gomphostemma niveum and two new compounds; named as Gomphostenin (GN-6) and acetyl Gomphostenin (GN-10) isolated and purified from this plant against Plasmodium berghei in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The blood schizontocidal activity was performed in early infection of Plasmodium berghei and also in established infection of Plasmodium berghei. The mice were orally administrated with various doses of water and chloroform extracts of leaves of Gomphostemma niveum (GN-W and GN-C, 300, 400 and 500 mg/kg/day), GN-6 and GN-10 (50, 100, 150 and 200mg/kg/day). Chloroquine (8 mg/kg) used as a positive control, while an equal volume of saline plus 0.5% tween-80 was used as a negative control. RESULTS GN-W, GN-C and pure compounds (GN-6 and GN-10) produced a dose dependent chemosuppression effect at various dose levels. GN-10 exhibited highest percent of chemosuppression i.e. 92.65% at a dose level of 200mg/kg/day. In case of curative test, the survival period of the parasitized infected mice was significantly prolonged at 200mg/kg dose of GN-10. CONCLUSIONS The studies have indicated that clerodane class of diterpenes GN-6 and GN-10 certainly holds great promise for malaria control and will be useful in antimalarial chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sathe
- Discovery Center, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002 (MP), India
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Verma SK, Sathe M, Kaushik MP. Chemoselective and Chemospecific Protection and Deprotection of a Carbonyl Group Using Polystyrene Divinylbenzene Sulfonic Acid. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910903161702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev K. Verma
- a Discovery Centre, Process Technology Development Division, Defence Research and Development Establishment , Gwalior, India
| | - Manisha Sathe
- a Discovery Centre, Process Technology Development Division, Defence Research and Development Establishment , Gwalior, India
| | - M. P. Kaushik
- a Discovery Centre, Process Technology Development Division, Defence Research and Development Establishment , Gwalior, India
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar
- a Process Technology Development Division , Defence R & D Establishment , Gwalior, India
| | - A. K. Gupta
- a Process Technology Development Division , Defence R & D Establishment , Gwalior, India
| | - M. P. Kaushik
- a Process Technology Development Division , Defence R & D Establishment , Gwalior, India
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Kumar V, Kaushik MP, Srivastava AK, Pratap A, Thiruvenkatam V, Row TNG. Thiourea based novel chromogenic sensor for selective detection of fluoride and cyanide anions in organic and aqueous media. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 663:77-84. [PMID: 20172100 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2009] [Revised: 01/12/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Novel chromogenic thiourea based sensors 4,4'-bis-[3-(4-nitrophenyl) thiourea] diphenyl ether 1 and 4,4'-bis-[3-(4-nitrophenyl) thiourea] diphenyl methane 2 having nitrophenyl group as signaling unit have been synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic techniques and X-ray crystallography. The both sensors show visual detection, UV-vis and NMR spectral changes in presence of fluoride and cyanide anions in organic solvent as well as in aqueous medium. The absorption spectra indicated the formation of complex between host and guest is in 1:2 stoichiometric ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar
- Process Technology Development Division, Defence R&D Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, India
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Affiliation(s)
- Badri Narayan Acharya
- a Process Technology Development Division , Defence Research and Development Establishment , Jhansi Road, Gwalior , 474002 , (M.P.) , India
| | - Hemlata Rana
- a Process Technology Development Division , Defence Research and Development Establishment , Jhansi Road, Gwalior , 474002 , (M.P.) , India
| | - Jyotiranjan Acharya
- a Process Technology Development Division , Defence Research and Development Establishment , Jhansi Road, Gwalior , 474002 , (M.P.) , India
| | - M. P. Kaushik
- a Process Technology Development Division , Defence Research and Development Establishment , Jhansi Road, Gwalior , 474002 , (M.P.) , India
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Prasad GK, Mahato TH, Singh B, Ganesan K, Srivastava AR, Kaushik MP, Vijayraghavan R. Decontamination of sulfur mustard and sarin on titania nanotubes. AIChE J 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.11598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Acharya J, Gupta AK, Pardasani D, Dubey DK, Kaushik MP. Trichloroisocyanuric Acid–KF as an Efficient Reagent for One-Pot Synthesis of Dialkylfluorophosphates from Dialkylphosphites. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910802215880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Acharya
- a Process Technology Development Division, Defence Research and Development Establishment , Gwalior, India
| | - A. K. Gupta
- a Process Technology Development Division, Defence Research and Development Establishment , Gwalior, India
| | - Deepak Pardasani
- a Process Technology Development Division, Defence Research and Development Establishment , Gwalior, India
| | - D. K. Dubey
- a Process Technology Development Division, Defence Research and Development Establishment , Gwalior, India
| | - M. P. Kaushik
- a Process Technology Development Division, Defence Research and Development Establishment , Gwalior, India
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Gupta AK, Dubey DK, Parashar BD, Kaushik MP. An efficient synthesis of O,O- Di Propyl (E)-2-[1-methyl 2-oxopropylidene]phosphorohydrazidothiolate (E) Oxime and Its Analogues: A Potential Marine Toxin. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10426500701796249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arvind K. Gupta
- a Process Technology Development Division , Defence R & D Establishment , Gwalior , India
| | - D. K. Dubey
- a Process Technology Development Division , Defence R & D Establishment , Gwalior , India
| | - B. D. Parashar
- a Process Technology Development Division , Defence R & D Establishment , Gwalior , India
| | - M. P. Kaushik
- a Process Technology Development Division , Defence R & D Establishment , Gwalior , India
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Gupta AK, Dubey DK, Kaushik MP. Dichlorodimethyl Hydantoin: An Efficient Reagent for One-Pot Synthesis of CWC-Related O,O-dialkyl, N,N-dialkyl Phosphoramidates. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10426500701724514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arvind K. Gupta
- a Process Technology Development Division , Defence R & D Establishment, Jhansi Road , Gwalior , India
| | - Devendra K. Dubey
- a Process Technology Development Division , Defence R & D Establishment, Jhansi Road , Gwalior , India
| | - M. P. Kaushik
- a Process Technology Development Division , Defence R & D Establishment, Jhansi Road , Gwalior , India
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Sathe
- a Discovery Centre, Process Technology Development Division , Defence Research and Development Establishment , Gwalior , India
| | - Hitendra N. Karade
- a Discovery Centre, Process Technology Development Division , Defence Research and Development Establishment , Gwalior , India
| | - M. P. Kaushik
- a Discovery Centre, Process Technology Development Division , Defence Research and Development Establishment , Gwalior , India
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Kumar R, Gupta A, Pardasani D, Dubey D, Kaushik MP. SOLID SUPPORT SYNTHESIS: A NEW AND EFFICIENT METHOD FOR FACILE SYNTHESIS OF CYCLIC ALKYLPHOSPHONATES UNDER MILD CONDITIONS. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2008. [DOI: 10.1515/hc.2008.14.4.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- A. K. Gupta
- a Process Technology Development Division , Defence Research and Development Establishment , Gwalior, M P, India
| | - J. Acharya
- a Process Technology Development Division , Defence Research and Development Establishment , Gwalior, M P, India
| | - D. K. Dubey
- a Process Technology Development Division , Defence Research and Development Establishment , Gwalior, M P, India
| | - M. P. Kaushik
- a Process Technology Development Division , Defence Research and Development Establishment , Gwalior, M P, India
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Karade HN, Sathe M, Kaushik MP. Synthesis of 4-aryl substituted 3,4-dihydropyrimidinones using silica-chloride under solvent free conditions. Molecules 2007; 12:1341-51. [PMID: 17909490 PMCID: PMC6149431 DOI: 10.3390/12071341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2007] [Revised: 06/20/2007] [Accepted: 07/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper describes an improved procedure for the efficient and facile synthesis of 4-aryl substituted 3, 4-dihydropyrimidinones under mild reaction conditions with excellent yields using inexpensive silica chloride under solvent free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M. P. Kaushik
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; e-mail: ; Tel. +91-751-2343972, Fax +91-751-2341148
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Gupta AK, Dubey DK, Sharma M, Kaushik MP. AN EFFICIENT SYNTHESIS OF THE POTENTIAL MARINE TOXINPTYCHODISCUS BREVIS[PB-1] AND ITS ANALOGUES. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00304940709356016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Kaushik MP, Rana H. An efficient and practical O-methylation of dithiaalkanediols. J Sulphur Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/17415990701245099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. P. Kaushik
- a Process Technology Development Division , Defence R & D Establishment , Jhansi Road, Gwalior, 474002 (MP), India
| | - Hemlata Rana
- a Process Technology Development Division , Defence R & D Establishment , Jhansi Road, Gwalior, 474002 (MP), India
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Gupta AK, Dubey DK, Kaushik MP. A simple and economical chemical neutralization method for the destruction of sulfur mustard and its analogues. J Hazard Mater 2007; 139:154-9. [PMID: 16846683 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2005] [Revised: 04/29/2006] [Accepted: 06/07/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A simple and economical chemical neutralization method is developed against highly toxic chemical warfare agent's viz. sulfur mustard (SM), sesquimustard, and their homologues/analogous. The method involves treatment of chemical warfare agents with sodium in inert solvents. This destruction method of sulfur mustards release innocuous products via desulfurization reactions. The products were characterized by GC-MS technique. The method is suitable in particular, for bulk destruction of heel of mustard stockpiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Gupta
- Process Technology Development Division, Defence R&D Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, MP, India
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Nivsarkar M, Kaushik MP. LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY DETERMINATION AND LC-ESI-MS ANALYSIS OF MICROCYSTIN-LR FROM PCC STRAINS OFMICROCYSTIS AERUGINOSA. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2006. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-120003265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Nivsarkar
- a Process Technology Development Division , Defense Research & Development Establishment , Jhansi Road, Gwalior, M.P., 474002, India
| | - M. P. Kaushik
- a Process Technology Development Division , Defense Research & Development Establishment , Jhansi Road, Gwalior, M.P., 474002, India
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Vijayaraghavan R, Gautam A, Kumar O, Pant SC, Sharma M, Singh S, Kumar HTS, Singh AK, Nivsarkar M, Kaushik MP, Sawhney RC, Chaurasia OP, Prasad GBKS. Protective effect of ethanolic and water extracts of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) against the toxic effects of mustard gas. Indian J Exp Biol 2006; 44:821-31. [PMID: 17131913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Ethanolic extract of H. rhamnoides L. leaf (HL-EOH), water and ethanolic extract of H. rhamnoides fruit (HF-W and HF-EOH), and H. rhamnoides flavone from fruit (HR-flavone) were evaluated against percutaneously administered sulphur mustard (SM), a chemical warfare agent. The animals administered with SM (9.7, 19.3 and 38.7 mg/kg) died at various days depending upon the dose and there was a significant reduction in the body weight. The H. rhamnoides extracts (1 g/kg; 3 doses; po) significantly protected the lethality, with a protective index of 2.4, 1.7, 1.7 and 2.2 for HL-EOH, HF-W, HF-EOH and HR-flavone respectively. Reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutalthione (GSSG) levels were reduced, and malondialdehyde (MDA) was elevated after percutaneous administration of SM. Oral administration of HL-EOH and HR-flavone significantly protected the body weight loss. Recovery in the levels of GSH, GSSG and MDA were also observed following oral administration of HL-EOH and HR-flavone. All the extracts were non-toxic and the LD50 was more than 5 g/kg. The present study shows that percutaneous administration of SM induces oxidative stress and ethanolic extract of leaf of H. rhamnoides and H. rhamnoides flavone from fruit can significantly protect it.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Vijayaraghavan
- Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior 474 002, India.
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Vijayaraghavan R, Kumar D, Dube SN, Singh R, Pandey KS, Bag BC, Kaushik MP, Sekhar K, Dwarakanath BS, Ravindranath T. Acute toxicity and cardio-respiratory effects of 2-deoxy-D-glucose: a promising radio sensitiser. Biomed Environ Sci 2006; 19:96-103. [PMID: 16827179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the acute toxicity of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) by oral (p.o.) and intravenous (i.v.) routes, and also the cardio-respiratory effects following high doses of 2DG in animal models. METHODS The LD50 of 2DG (in water) was determined in rats and mice by p.o. route and in mice by i.v. route. The effect of 2-DG (250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, and 1000 mg/kg, i.v.) was studied on various cardio-respiratory parameters viz., mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate in anaesthetised rats. The effect of 2DG (500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg, and 2000 mg/kg, p.o.) was also studied on various respiratory parameters viz., respiratory rate and tidal volume in conscious rats and mice using a computer program. RESULTS The p.o. LD50 of 2DG was found to be >8000 mg/kg in mice and rats, and at this dose no death was observed. The LD50 in mice by i.v. route was found to be 8000 mg/kg. At this dose 2 out of 4 mice died and the death occurred within 6 h. A significant increase in the body weight was observed after p.o. administration of 2DG in rats at 500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg, and 2000 mg/kg doses. There was no significant change in the body weight at 4000 mg/kg and 8000 mg/kg by the p.o. route in rats and up to 8000 mg/kg by p.o. as well as i.v. routes in mice. Intravenous administration of 2DG (250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, and 1000 mg/kg) in anaesthetised rats showed a time-dependent decrease in the mean arterial blood pressure. There was no change in the heart rate in any of the treatment groups. The tidal volume was not changed significantly by p.o administration in conscious rats, but a significant decrease in the respiratory frequency at 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg doses was observed. In the mice also there was no change in the tidal volume after p.o, administration, but the respiratory frequency decreased significantly at 2000 mg/kg dose. CONCLUSION 2DG is a safe compound but can cause a fall in the blood pressure and a decrease in respiratory frequency at high doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Vijayaraghavan
- Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior-474002, India.
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Nivsarkar M, Thavaselvam D, Prasanna S, Sharma M, Kaushik MP. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel bicyclic β-lactams as potential antimalarials. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:1371-3. [PMID: 15713389 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2004] [Revised: 01/05/2005] [Accepted: 01/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A series of bicyclic N-substituted and unsubstituted beta-lactams were synthesized and evaluated as targeted potential antimalarials. The compounds MNR4 and MNR5 were found to have highest potency against Plasmodium falciparum in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Nivsarkar
- Process Technology Development Division, Defence R&D Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, MP, India
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Kaushik MP, Lal B, Raghuveeran CD, Vaidyanathaswamy R. Stereochemistry of aroylphosphonate phenylhydrazones and their conversion to 1H-indazole-3-phosphonates. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00139a023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kaushik MP, Charandabi MRMD, Ettel ML, Lofthouse TJ, Morse KW. Synthesis and characterization of cyanoborane adducts of dialkyl ((dialkylamino)methyl)phosphonates. Inorg Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ic00304a019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mazumder PK, Gupta AK, Kumar D, Kaushik MP, Dube SN. Mechanism of cardiotoxicity induced by a marine toxin isolated from Ptychodiscus brevis. Indian J Exp Biol 1997; 35:650-4. [PMID: 9357171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
An organophosphate toxin of marine origin isolated from red tide dinoflagellate P. brevis produced a dose-dependent dual effect on rat atria, i.e. positive inotropic effect at low concentrations (2.8 x 10(-8) to 8.4 x 10(-7) M) and negative inotropic and chronotropic responses at an elevated dose (4.8 x 10(-6) to 7.2 x 10(-4) M). The negative chronotropic and inotropic responses of the toxin were potentiated with physostigmine and ouabain whereas antagonized by atropine and hemicholinium-3 pretreatments and those effects remained unaltered by isoproterenol, phenylephrine and ouabain pretreatments. The results indicate that the toxin induced negative inotropic and chronotropic effects are mediated through release of acetylcholine from the nerve endings and consequent activation of muscarinic receptor. In atria exposed to guanethidine, bretylium, propranolol and tyramine tachyphylaxis, the positive inotropic response of the toxin was not modified. However, the response was antagonized by EGTA, nifedipine, ryanodine, calcium-free ringer and potentiated with caffeine and amiloride pretreatments. The results suggest that the positive inotropic effect of the toxin is mediated through Ca2+ influx and impairment of Na+/Ca2+ exchange process.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Mazumder
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, India
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Mazumder PK, Gupta AK, Kaushik MP, Kumar D, Dube SN. Cardiovascular effects of an organophosphate toxin isolated from Ptychodiscus brevis. Biomed Environ Sci 1997; 10:85-92. [PMID: 9099430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The dose-dependent hypotensive and bradycardic effects induced by an ichthyotoxic organophosphate compound isolated from the marine dinoflagellate Ptychodiscus brevis were studied. These effects were not antagonized by atropine, but potentiated by alpha-adrenoceptor blocker and hexamethonium. The toxin abolished the vasopressor effect elicited by phenylephrine, indicating an alpha-adrenergic blocking activity. The cardiovascular depressor responses were antagonized by tetraethylammonium while blockade of cholinergic and histaminergic receptors or inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis failed to modify these effects. The results indicate that the cardiovascular depressor effects of the toxin are probably mediated through alpha-adrenergic and ganglionic blockade accompanied by modulation of potassium channel activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Mazumder
- Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, India
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Husain K, Singh R, Kaushik MP, Gupta AK. Acute toxicity of synthetic Gymnodinium breve toxin metabolite and its analogues in mice. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 1996; 35:77-80. [PMID: 8930507 DOI: 10.1006/eesa.1996.0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Acute toxicity of synthetic Gymnodinium breve toxin metabolite and its analogues has been investigated in mice. The anticholinesterase potencies of the toxin metabolite and its analogues were determined in vitro as well as in vivo. The intraperitoneal LD50 of the parent metabolite O,O-dipropyl(E)-2-(1-methyl-2-oxopropylidene) phosphorohydrazidothioate(E)oxime in mice was higher compared to LD50 values of its analogues. The in vitro acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-inhibiting potency values were higher for diethoxy(P = O) analogue than for diispropoxy(P = O) analogue. Lethal doses of parent metabolite and its analogues significantly inhibited AChE activity in the blood and brain of mice 1 hr postexposure. The maximum inhibition by the parent metabolite was observed in both tissues. The percentage inhibition of AChE activity was greater in the blood than in the brain. The results indicate that these agents have anticholinesterase action specifically in the blood. In conclusion, the parent toxin metabolite is a more potent inhibitor of AChE in vivo, whereas higher toxicity is associated with other analogues, suggesting the involvement of other factors influencing the toxicity, which needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Husain
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, India
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Venkateswaran KS, Raghuveeran CD, Gopalan N, Agarwal GS, Kaushik MP, Vijayaraghavan R. Monitoring of haemoglobin-methyl isocyanate adduct by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector. Biochem Int 1992; 28:745-50. [PMID: 1482410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Carbamylation of haemoglobin by methyl isocyanate (MIC) was detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a photodiode array detector following cyclisation of the N-terminal valine into methyl isopropyl hydantoin (MIH). MIH was also synthesised by reaction of MIC with valine, the chromatographic conditions standardised and the spectrum derived by a photodiode array detector recorded for confirmation of the identity of MIH. This HPLC method is specific, sensitive and suitable for the detection of exposure of blood samples to methyl isocyanate.
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Charandabi MR, Ettel ML, Kaushik MP, Huffman JH, Morse KW. CHARACTERIZATION AND PROPERTIES OF SOME DIALKYL-1-(N,N-DIALKYLAMINO)-ALKYLPHOSPHONATES AND THEIR HYDROCHLORIDE SALTS. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 1989. [DOI: 10.1080/10426508908040613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Srivastava RK, Pant SC, Vijayaraghavan R, Kumar P, Sachan AS, Kaushik MP. Effect of exercise on dyspnoea in rats inhaling sublethal concentration of methyl isocyanate (MIC). Indian J Exp Biol 1988; 26:445-8. [PMID: 3192284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Ramachandran PK, Gandhe BR, Venkateswaran KS, Kaushik MP, Vijayaraghavan R, Agarwal GS, Gopalan N, Suryanarayana MV, Shinde SK, Sriramachari S. Gas chromatographic studies of the carbamylation of haemoglobin by methyl isocyanate in rats and rabbits. J Chromatogr 1988; 426:239-47. [PMID: 3392138 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)81952-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Carbamylation of the N-terminal valine of haemoglobin with methyl isocyanate in rats and rabbits has been demonstrated in vitro and in vivo by gas chromatography. N-Methylcarbamylated haemoglobin, converted by cyclization into 3-methyl-5-isopropylhydantoin, has been quantified by gas chromatography. Standard hydantoin was synthesized, chemically characterized and used for calibration. The method is simple and reliable in the concentration range 0.06-2 nmol. Carbamylation of haemoglobin by methyl isocyanate in vivo in rats can be identified only above a dose of 1.05 mg/l in inhalation exposures. It is inferred that methyl isocyanate in the "active" form crosses the alveolar and erythrocyte membranes and carbamylates the haemoglobin.
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Srivastava RK, Vijayaraghavan R, Kumar P, Pant SC, Sharma SK, Sachan AS, Kaushik MP. Effects of inhaled sublethal concentration of methyl isocyanate on lung mechanics in rats. Indian J Exp Biol 1987; 25:535-8. [PMID: 3446588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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